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Understanding the Self > Philosophers > Flashcards

Philosophers Flashcards

1
Q

This employs the inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything. It goes beyond scientific investigation by exploring all areas of knowledge such as religion, psychology, politics, physics and even medicine.

A

Philosophy

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2
Q

__________ said that “An unexamined life is not worth living”

A

Socrates

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3
Q

What method that one has to self-examine and discuss about the self as this is a duty to achieve what is the greatest good to a life?

A

Socratic Method

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4
Q

Self is _________________ to the soul

A

synonymous

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5
Q

A realm where the soul is belong. This is unchanging, eternal, and immortal

A

Ideal realm

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6
Q

A realm that is changeable, transient, and imperfect. This is where our body belongs

A

Physical realms

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7
Q

What is the key to virtuous life?

A

Constant self-examination

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8
Q

Who made this concept “The ideal self, the perfect self”?

A

Plato

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9
Q

Plato said that “The self is _______ soul”

A

Immortal

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10
Q

Plato conceives of the soul as having three parts. What are these parts?

A

Rational part
Spirited part
Appetitive part

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11
Q

The part that loves honor and victory

A

Spirited

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12
Q

The part that loves
truth, which should rule over the other
parts of the soul through the use of
reason),

A

Rational

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13
Q

A part which desires food, desires, and sex

A

Appetitive

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14
Q

This happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that their Reason is in control of their Spirits and Appetites.

A

Genuine Happiness

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15
Q

Love is way of knowing and realizing the truth. It is a process of seeking ______________________. The greater the love, the more intellectual component it will contain.

A

higher stages of being

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16
Q

What are the three part of soul idea?

A

Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit/Passion

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17
Q

“The soul is the essence of the self”

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

He suggest that the rational nature of the self, which can be attained in self-actualization, is to lead a good, flourishing and fulfilling life.

A

Aristotle

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19
Q

For Aristotle, anything with life has a _____

A

soul

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20
Q

The three kinds of soul according to Aristotle

A

Vegetative
Sentient
Rational

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21
Q

The rational soul is characterized by moral virtues such as _______ and __________

A

justice and courage

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22
Q

A kind of soul where the physical body can grow

A

Vegetative

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23
Q

“The measure of love is to love without measure”

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

24
Q

________ leading to self-realization

A

Self-presentation

25
Q

What are the two realms of thoughts?

A
  • God as the source of all reality and truth.
  • The sinfulness of man
26
Q

For him, the truth refers to the truth of knowing God. God is transcendent (beyond physical human experience) and the self seeks to be united with God through faith and reason.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

27
Q

Why does self-knowledge matter?

A

It offers us a route to greater happiness and fulfillment.

28
Q

“I think therefore I am”

A

Rene Descrates

28
Q

The ___________ about the self – of being self-conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self.

A

act of thinking

28
Q

____________ (I think
therefore I am) is the keystone of Descrates’ beliefs.

A

Cogito Ergo Sum

29
Q

The self as ____________ is nonmaterial, immortal, conscious being, independent of the physical laws of the universe.

A

Thinking entity

30
Q

The self as _______________ is material, mortal, fully governed by the laws of nature

A

Physical Body

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

According to Descrates, the soul and the body cannot function without the other.

A

False

The soul and the body CAN function without the other.

32
Q

Tabula Rasa means _____________

A

At birth, the mind
is a blank slate without innate ideas, and it is experience that provides us knowledge provided by sensory [hear, smell, taste, see, feel] experiences and
reflections)

33
Q

John Locke said that “the self is ______________”

A

consciousness

33
Q

The two forms on processing knowledge according to John Locke are?

A

Sensation and Reflection

34
Q

This involves the mind’s ability to consider and analyze its own thoughts and experiences.

A

Reflection

35
Q

“there is no self”

A

David Hume

36
Q

The mind receives materials from the senses and calls it
________________

A

perceptions

37
Q

Two types of Perceptions?

A

Impressions and Ideas

38
Q

This is the basic sensations such as hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold and heat

A

Impressions

39
Q

He combined the idea of Rationalism (knowledge through
reasoning) and Empiricism
(knowledge through senses)

A

Immanuel Kant

40
Q

A self must exist: if not, there could be ______________________

A

no memory or knowledge

41
Q

“We construct our self”

A

Immanuel Kant

42
Q

This pertains to the experience of the self and its unity with objects

A

Transcendental Self

43
Q

Knowledge through reason is?

A

Rationalism

44
Q

Knowledge through senses is?

A

Empiricism

45
Q

“the self is the way people behave”

A

Gilbert Ryle

46
Q

“I act therefore I am” means?

A

the self is the same as bodily behavior.

47
Q

What are the two types of knowledge according to Ryle?

A

Knowing That
Knowing How

48
Q

The couple philosophers who believed that the self is inseparable from the brain and the body.

A

Patricia and Paul Churchland

49
Q

If there is no brain, there is ____________

A

no self

50
Q

__________________ states that the self is real, that it is a tool that helps the person tune-in to the realities of the brain and the extant reality.

A

Neurophilosophy

51
Q

He argues that all knowledge about the self is based on the ‘phenomena’ of experience.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

52
Q

According to Merleau-Ponty, the mind and the body are _____________

A

unified

53
Q

Perception is not merely a consequence of sensory experience, rather, it is a ____________________________

A

conscious experience.

Understanding the Self (6 decks)

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