Philosophers Flashcards
This employs the inquisitive mind to discover the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles of everything. It goes beyond scientific investigation by exploring all areas of knowledge such as religion, psychology, politics, physics and even medicine.
Philosophy
__________ said that “An unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
What method that one has to self-examine and discuss about the self as this is a duty to achieve what is the greatest good to a life?
Socratic Method
Self is _________________ to the soul
synonymous
A realm where the soul is belong. This is unchanging, eternal, and immortal
Ideal realm
A realm that is changeable, transient, and imperfect. This is where our body belongs
Physical realms
What is the key to virtuous life?
Constant self-examination
Who made this concept “The ideal self, the perfect self”?
Plato
Plato said that “The self is _______ soul”
Immortal
Plato conceives of the soul as having three parts. What are these parts?
Rational part
Spirited part
Appetitive part
The part that loves honor and victory
Spirited
The part that loves
truth, which should rule over the other
parts of the soul through the use of
reason),
Rational
A part which desires food, desires, and sex
Appetitive
This happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently make sure that their Reason is in control of their Spirits and Appetites.
Genuine Happiness
Love is way of knowing and realizing the truth. It is a process of seeking ______________________. The greater the love, the more intellectual component it will contain.
higher stages of being
What are the three part of soul idea?
Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit/Passion
“The soul is the essence of the self”
Aristotle
He suggest that the rational nature of the self, which can be attained in self-actualization, is to lead a good, flourishing and fulfilling life.
Aristotle
For Aristotle, anything with life has a _____
soul
The three kinds of soul according to Aristotle
Vegetative
Sentient
Rational
The rational soul is characterized by moral virtues such as _______ and __________
justice and courage
A kind of soul where the physical body can grow
Vegetative
“The measure of love is to love without measure”
St. Augustine of Hippo
________ leading to self-realization
Self-presentation
What are the two realms of thoughts?
- God as the source of all reality and truth.
- The sinfulness of man
For him, the truth refers to the truth of knowing God. God is transcendent (beyond physical human experience) and the self seeks to be united with God through faith and reason.
St. Augustine of Hippo
Why does self-knowledge matter?
It offers us a route to greater happiness and fulfillment.
“I think therefore I am”
Rene Descrates
The ___________ about the self – of being self-conscious – is in itself proof that there is a self.
act of thinking
____________ (I think
therefore I am) is the keystone of Descrates’ beliefs.
Cogito Ergo Sum
The self as ____________ is nonmaterial, immortal, conscious being, independent of the physical laws of the universe.
Thinking entity
The self as _______________ is material, mortal, fully governed by the laws of nature
Physical Body
TRUE OR FALSE
According to Descrates, the soul and the body cannot function without the other.
False
The soul and the body CAN function without the other.
Tabula Rasa means _____________
At birth, the mind
is a blank slate without innate ideas, and it is experience that provides us knowledge provided by sensory [hear, smell, taste, see, feel] experiences and
reflections)
John Locke said that “the self is ______________”
consciousness
The two forms on processing knowledge according to John Locke are?
Sensation and Reflection
This involves the mind’s ability to consider and analyze its own thoughts and experiences.
Reflection
“there is no self”
David Hume
The mind receives materials from the senses and calls it
________________
perceptions
Two types of Perceptions?
Impressions and Ideas
This is the basic sensations such as hate, love, joy, grief, pain, cold and heat
Impressions
He combined the idea of Rationalism (knowledge through
reasoning) and Empiricism
(knowledge through senses)
Immanuel Kant
A self must exist: if not, there could be ______________________
no memory or knowledge
“We construct our self”
Immanuel Kant
This pertains to the experience of the self and its unity with objects
Transcendental Self
Knowledge through reason is?
Rationalism
Knowledge through senses is?
Empiricism
“the self is the way people behave”
Gilbert Ryle
“I act therefore I am” means?
the self is the same as bodily behavior.
What are the two types of knowledge according to Ryle?
Knowing That
Knowing How
The couple philosophers who believed that the self is inseparable from the brain and the body.
Patricia and Paul Churchland
If there is no brain, there is ____________
no self
__________________ states that the self is real, that it is a tool that helps the person tune-in to the realities of the brain and the extant reality.
Neurophilosophy
He argues that all knowledge about the self is based on the ‘phenomena’ of experience.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
According to Merleau-Ponty, the mind and the body are _____________
unified
Perception is not merely a consequence of sensory experience, rather, it is a ____________________________
conscious experience.
