Philosophers

Question 1

John Locke

Answer 1

-Individual Well-Being
-The government must be directly accountable to the people

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

-Believed that humans were inherently selfish, Give up sovereignty handing power to a protective ruler
-Importance of individual autonomy, reason, and the protection of private property
-Challenged the authority of the church and state

Question 3

Montesquieu

Answer 3

-Separation of powers: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
-Eliminate Three -estate structure monarchy

Question 4

Adam Smith

Answer 4

-Disagreed with the existing Mercantilist economic system
-Challenged he current economic system which emphasized state control on protectionism
-Emphasis on limited government intervention in the economy and promotion of individual liberty and freedom

Question 5

Stuart Mill

Answer 5

-Believed in protecting the individual and their freedom
-less govt int/ individual freedom
-Advocated for individual freedom and freedom of expression
-“The only limitation that should be placed on an individual should be to protect the liberty of others.”

Question 6

Ricardo

Answer 6

-Challenged the current regulation of wages
-Questioned the role of the government in the economy
-Advocated for free market and minimal government intervention in economic affairs, emphasized in classical liberalism

Question 7

Charles Dickens

Answer 7

-Critiqued industrialization and Exploitation of workers
-Classical liberalism, emphasized lim. Govt. and individual freedom

Question 8

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 8

-Created what is now known as the social contract
-Questioned the place of the government and its responsibilities for the citizens
“General Will of People”

Question 9

Karl Marx

Answer 9

-The only way to overthrow capitalism was by means of a class struggle between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners).
-Argued that this workers’ revolution was necessary before any significant changes could be made in society
-The Communist Manifesto in 1848 (ft. Friedrich Engels)
- Marx believed that economics was the foundation of society and the means of production, such as factories, needed to be in workers’ hands.

Question 10

Edmund Burke

Answer 10

-reactionary
-He believed that society should be a hierarchy
-best suited to lead at the top, because not everyone has equal abilities.
-Government should be chosen by select view special rights and responsibilities.
-Leaders should be humanitarian for others, and society must be stable, and can only achieve this through law and order customs and traditions.

Question 11

Robert Owens

Answer 11

-pushed for factory reform, encouraged the British working class to unionize, and managed a factory.