Philosophers Flashcards
Karl popper - The p principles
- Scientist only study emperied observation and then they wander - prove the observation
- As pee popper science should work on principle of falsifiability & post diction
- No theory is wrong- the highest credibility a theory can ‘ active is _ not yet disconfirmed 4. Theory, problem and criticism
Kuhn (faya Kuhn)
Concept of truth
Paradigms - collective view (scientific industry)
Anomalies . - when something does not go as planned - new disconcert are formed
Three stages of scientific development: pre paradigmatic s paradigmatic andrevelutionary ↓ observationa ↓ collection view and formation replacement of another theory.
Feyerabend (TheHandymen with toolbox)
.1. Science shared not follow any set of rules and any existing rule should be broken to find new discoveries
Plato
Famous philosopher
1. Divided line _ stages 1,2,3 _ simple form, then we understand its shape then the whole picture.
2. Truly of form. - everything is made up of atom its understand anything we have to understand its form
3. Allegory of the cave _ its need to change perception of people who does not want to see (prisoners)
4. Reminiscence theory: industrandy past 5. Nature of soul _ rational - reason I nd think _appetite _ emotions 3 control - for pleasure or meditation o
5. Sleep and Dreams - You manifest inner desires when you sleeps.
6. Groundwork for cognition psychology
Thomas Hobbes
Train of thoughts
Deductive approach
Materialistic
Everything can be explained. With machines
Locke
Mind-body separate
Govt should throw the keys of humans and let them do whatever
Innate ideas does not exist, did not believe in intuition
Pleasure over pain ~ ideas
Experience > innate ability
Berkeley
To be is to be perceived
Primary qualities does not exist
Only perceptions
Distance perception : eyes make associations -convergence and divergence
Hume
Human cognition
Experience = emotions
Law of contiguity, association, cause & effect
No unified mind or self
Contribution in psychology → facts & emotions differentiated
Hartley <3
Worked on physiology
Sensory experiences trigger nerves called vibrantiuncle
Voluntary ideas - out responses,
The strength of association is found by vividness and fx of experiences,
People think complex ideaslike walkingrequied reflex simple reflexes but John. B. Watson later explained complexities
James Mill
One mind’s made up of sensations that form connections when they happen together
Association:- The stronger the association unilateralism & hedonism = happiness comes from pleasure by avoiding pain
Government should only do what makes people happy
Influence on psychology: associations human make - morning coffee → start the day
John Stuart mill (son of James mill )
Mental chemistry → bean works just like how material i required to make compound
Natural laws are only predictable → not precise
Ethology» Individual differences are important to understand relationships social interaction
Social reform → advocated for gender quality
Alexander Bain
Bio influences Brain
Studied association b/ideas & neurological process
Added compound & constructive associations]→ contiguity & similarity
Voluntary behaviours → pleasure over pain through trial and error
Gessandi
Maths & philosophy
Induction > deduction
Humans use driven by pleasure e pain as well asemperícel observation
Promoted French sensationalism
Julian de Mettrie
Persued medicine for financial gain
Radical views on mind-body
Humans are machines and everything material
Language & education imp factors of intelligence
Distinguished between human animal brain size
Condilliac
Abilities of mind → attributed to physical senses
Introduced The concept of sentient statue to illustrate sensoryperception on conciousness
