Philosofy of social science

Question 1

What is meant by technological artefacts having double natures?

Answer 1

techn. artifacts = human made objects, processes, systems intended to serve a purpose

Ex. Hammer:

TECHNICAL PROPERTIES: dense head, light shock absorbing handle
INTENDED FUNCTION: handheld, drive nail, fit parts, forge metal

Question 2

Why is technology/engineering not the same as applied science?

Answer 2

Scientists study how nature works and show us how and why it is as it is (Discovery is the essence of science)

Engineers create new things

• Often different goals, use different knowledge and methods
• Knowledge and methods used in engineering are often imported into science

Engineers innovate solutions to real-world challenges in society. Engineering without science could be haphazard; but without engineering, scientific discovery would merely be an academic pursuit.

Question 3

Three methods to determine a technological artefact’s proper function.

Answer 3

Designers intention

Users intention

Physical properties that allow function

Question 4

Describe the major differences between the technological and the natural sciences.

Answer 4

TECH

requires: :::: Sufficient accuracy, precision, efficiency, safety, sustainability user-friendliness…
practice: :::: knowledge finds use only as long as practical purposes exist

SCI

requires: :::: truth, accuracy, precision
practice: :::: knowledge finds use in generating more knowledge