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philo reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Greek Philosopher : 570 BCE - 495 BCE

A

Pythagoras

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2
Q

Greek Philosopher : 535 BCE - 475 BCE

A

Heraclitus

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3
Q

Greek Philosopher : 460 BCE - 370 BCE

A

Democritus

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4
Q

Greek Philosopher : 412 BCE - 323 BCE

A

Diogenes of Sinope

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5
Q

Greek Philosopher :341 BCE - 270 BCE

A

Epicurus

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6
Q

Greek Philosopher : 470 BCE - 399 BCE

A

Socrates

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7
Q

Greek Philosopher : 427 BCE - 327 BCE

A

Plato

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8
Q

Greek Philosopher : 384 BCE - 322 BCE

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

love of wisdom

A

philosophy

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10
Q

sophia means

A

wisdom

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11
Q

philos means

A

love

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12
Q

way of thinking about the world, universe and society

A

philosophy

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13
Q

the study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons and principles

A

philosophy

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14
Q

Greek Philosopher : mathematician and scientist

A

Pythagoras

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15
Q

formulated the Pythagorean Theorem

A

Pythagoras

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16
Q

Greek Philosopher : everything in life is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos

A

Heraclitus

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17
Q

Greek Philosopher : studied the causes of natural phenomena

A

Democritus

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18
Q

Greek Philosopher : advocate of living a simple & virtous life

A

Diogenes of Sinope

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19
Q

Greek Philosopher : philosophy could enable a man live life of happiness

A

Epicurus

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20
Q

another term of : higher order or plan

A

logos

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21
Q

foremost philosopher of ancient times

A

Socrates

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22
Q

formulated the Socratic Method

A

Socrates

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23
Q

examining a topic by devising a series questions that let the learner examine & anayze his knowledge & views regarding the topic

A

Socratic Method

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24
Q

everything that exist is based on an idea or template that can only perceived in the mind

A

Theory of Forms by Plato

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25
Q

student of Socrates

A

Plato

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26
Q

an institution of higher learning

A

academy

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27
Q

Greek Philosopher : wrote down his mentor’s teaching & incorporated some of his ideas

A

Plato

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28
Q

method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in attempt to arrive at a new knowledge

A

dialectic by Plato

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29
Q

Plato’s lasting contribution to learning

A

founding of the academy

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30
Q

prominent student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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31
Q

Greek Philosopher : ideas & views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense & perceive

A

Aristotle

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32
Q

process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion / generalization

A

Deductive reasoning by Aristotle

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33
Q

his studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning

A

Aristotle

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34
Q

3 characterizations of Philosophy

A

framework, discipline, examination of a particular area of knowledge

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35
Q

Stated that we philosophize due to SENSE OF WONDER

A

Plato

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36
Q

a SWISS-GERMAN who stated that we philosophize due to LIMIT SITUATIONS

A

Karl Jaspers

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37
Q

experiences accompanied by the feeling of anxiety, helplessness, dread

A

limit situations

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38
Q

a FRENCH who stated that we philosophize due to SENSE OF DOUBT

A

Rene Descartes

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39
Q

way of thinking about the world, COMPOSED OF VIEWS & BELIEFS of a person

A

framework

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40
Q

questions dealing with OUR OWN CORRECTNESS & VALUES

A

internal questions

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41
Q

can be addressed with our own PERSONAL FRAMEWORK

A

internal question

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42
Q

seek to QUESTION THE VERY FRAMEWORK upon which people base their own beliefs & views

A

external questions

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43
Q

recognizes the big picture /totality of a situation

A

holistic thinking

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44
Q

a perspective that considers LARGE-SCALE PATTERNS in a system

A

holistic thinking

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45
Q

focuses on specific aspects of situation

A

partial thinking

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46
Q

a REFLECTIVE & MEDITATIVE activity

A

philosophizing

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47
Q

a METHOD OF MENTAL EXERCISE on any type of experience

A

philosophizing

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48
Q

requires a person to EXAMINE one’s THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, ACTIONS

A

reflection

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49
Q

Has the healthy curiosity & sense of wonder because of CHILDHOOD INNOCENCE

A

child

50
Q

science of correct thinking

A

logic

51
Q

Domains of Truth

A

Objective Domain, Social & Personal Domain

52
Q

The study of reality & existence

A

Metaphysics

53
Q

study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics

A

Political Philosophy

54
Q

Concerned with the essence of beauty and ugliness

A

Aesthetics

55
Q

the study of what is right and what is wrong in HUMAN BEHAVIOR in the pursuit of beauty and goodness of life

A

Ethics

56
Q

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY OF nature, origin & limits of human KNOWLEDGE

A

Epistemology

57
Q

branch of philosophy concerned with HUMAN CONDUCT, BEHAVIORS OF INDIVIDUALS in society

A

Ethics

58
Q

philosophical study of REALITY & EXISTENCE

A

Metaphysics

59
Q

philosophical study of REASONING, or of the principles/criteria of valid inference & attempts to distinguish GOOD REASONING from bad reasoning

A

Logic

60
Q

branch of philosophy concerned with the nature&appreciation of ART, BEAUTY & GOOD TASTE

A

Aesthetics

61
Q

branch of philosophy concerned with questions such as the status of HUMAN BEINGS in the universe & the purpose of HUMAN LIFE.

A

Philosophy of the human person

62
Q

has passed the procedure of justification

A

truth

63
Q

process of PROVIDING TRUTH and VALIDITY of a statement

A

justification

64
Q

statement of JUDGMENT that needs JUSTIFICATION

A

opinion

65
Q

truth is tested against EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

A

objective domain

66
Q

truth is tested against ACCEPTABILITY of a particular group in a particular time in history

A

Social domain

67
Q

truth is tested against CONSISTENCY & AUTHENTICITY of the person who claims it

A

personal domain

68
Q

pertains to the natural world that maintains a relative INDEPENDENCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ATTITUDE OF THE HUMAN BEINGS that perceive them

A

objective domain

69
Q

truth is ANALOGOUS WITH GENERAL AGREEMENT OR CONSENSUS on what is right as opposed to what is wrong

A

social domain

70
Q

truth is ANALOGOUS TO SINCERITY

A

personal domain

71
Q

group of statements serve to support the conclusion

A

Argument

72
Q

parts of an argument

A

claim & Premise

73
Q

faulty reasoning

A

fallacy

74
Q

ATTACKING THE PERSON PRESENTING THE ARGUMENT instead of the argument itself

A

argumentum ad hominem

75
Q

argumentum ad baculum

A

appeal to force

76
Q

argumentum ad misericordiam

A

appeal to emotion

77
Q

argumentum ad populum

A

appeal to the popular

78
Q

argumentum ad antiquitatem

A

appeal to tradition

79
Q

using THREAT OF FORCE or undesirable event to advance an argument

A

appeal to force

80
Q

FALLACY USING EMOTIONS like pity or sympathy

A

appeal to emotion

81
Q

Fallacy: idea presented is acceptable because a LOT OF PEOPLE ACCEPT IT

A

appeal to the popular

82
Q

Fallacy: idea presented is acceptable because IT’S BEEN TRUE FOR A LONG TIME

A

appeal to tradition

83
Q

assuming a CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP between unrelated events

A

cause and effect

84
Q

known as circular argument

A

begging the question

85
Q

Fallacy : assuming the idea to be proven is true

A

begging the question

86
Q

fallacy : what is true for its PARTS is true for the WHOLE

A

fallacy of composition

87
Q

fallacy : what is true for the WHOLE is true for its PARTS

A

fallacy of division

88
Q

source of LIMITATIONS & POSSIBILITIES

A

our body

89
Q

philosophical attitudes

A

hope, courage, patience

90
Q

Ability of the thumb to lie across the palm perpendicular to the 4 fingers

A

opposable thumb

91
Q

tripartite nature of the soul according to Plato

A

the soul itself/immortal rational part
the courageous / the spirited
the appetitive part

92
Q

In the prime of his youth was everything except being SAINTLY.

A

St. Augustine

93
Q

means TO CLIMB

A

scandare

94
Q

DEVELOPED LOGIC as a field of study

A

Aristotle

95
Q

SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY which believes that the purpose of life is to live LIFE OF VIRTUE in agreement with nature

A

cynicism

96
Q

known as MORAL PHILOSOPHY

A

ethics

97
Q

founded a SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

A

Hippocrates

98
Q

rejected that sickness comes from the gods

A

hippocrates

99
Q

the CAPABILITY TO REACH OUT & INTERACT with others & the world

A

Externality

100
Q

SCHOOL OF THOUGHT which emphasizes on MORALITY, VIRTUE, CALM, EMOTIONAL FORTITUDE

A

Stoicism

101
Q

courage in pain/adversity

A

emotional fortitude

102
Q

the quality of being focused on one’s INNER LIFE & IDENTITY

A

interiority

103
Q

the state of being or existence above&beyond the limits of material experience

A

transcendence

104
Q

GENERAL TERM used for the entire HUMAN RACE

A

man

105
Q

refers to man as specie & distinguishes man from other animals

A

human

106
Q

the things in our life that are already given

A

facticity

107
Q

the capacity to choose from ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION/DECISION

A

free will

108
Q

employed to know the truth

A

systematic doubt

109
Q

innate right to be valued & respected

A

dignity

110
Q

capacity to CHOOSE & ACT for oneself

A

self determination

111
Q

the goodness or badness of an act

A

morality

112
Q

the human person is an embodied spirit

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

113
Q

immortal rational part

A

the soul itself

114
Q

Fallacy : idea presented is acceptable because the majority accepts it

A

appeal to the popular

115
Q

Who defined that truth has passed the procedure of justification?

A

Richard Rorty

116
Q

base on scientific truth

A

objective domain

117
Q

an individual who can clearly and adequately present his/her ideas

A

a good communicator

118
Q

intended product of philosophizing by making sound choices & judgements

A

wisdom

119
Q

practical uses of philosophy

A

CRITICAL ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
PROBLEM SOLVING & DECISION MAKING
GOOD COMMUNICATOR
ACQUIRE WISDOM BY SOUND CHOICES & JUDGEMENTS
SELF DEVELOPMENT

120
Q

study of fundamental questions about existence, values, knowledge, reason, mind, language

A

Philosophy

121
Q

the study of humans & the world by thinking and asking questions

A

philosophy

122
Q

blank slate / clean slate :
humans are born without a personality yet can be molded into any type of character

A

Tabula rasa

philosophy (1 decks)

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