Philo FC Flashcards
philia
love
sophia
wisdom
starting point of philosophy
man is fragile
the beginning of philosophy
wonder
the most important element of philosophy
questions
philosophy is ____, not ________
doing, not thinking
philosophy is the ______ of all disciplines
mother
difference between curiosity and wonder
curiosity is quenched through one simple answer, while wonder is transcendental– it continues to question
the correct attitude in philosophy
humility
is something that we measure. The fact that we know (sometimes solely rational)
knowledge
is something that we experience (knowing how to use your knowledge)
wisdom
unum, bonum, pulchrum
one, good, beautiful
Study of principles by which we distinguish sound from unsound
reasoning and if different types of reasoning
logic
logic, also known as the
philospoher’s toolbox
Occurs when we base the validity of our argument on how many people believe or do the same thing as we do. In other words we claim that
something must be true simply
because it is popular.
Bandwagon LF (Ad Populum)
Distortion of an opponent’s argument to make it easier to refute. By exaggerating or simplifying
someone’s position, one can easily attack a weak version of it and
ignore their real argument
strawman LF
“it does not follow”
non sequitur
Jumping to conclusions occurs when we use a small sample or exceptional cases to draw a conclusion or
generalize a rule
Hasty generalization
If two things appear to be correlated, this doesn’t necessarily indicate that
one of those things irrefutably causes the other thing.
Correlation/ Causation LF
“appeals to authority”
ad hominem
“paradise”
utopia
Studies reality and it’s ultimate causes in an absolute sense
- Deals with “being,” that is all of existence studies its essence,
substance and matter.
metaphysics
Ironically speaking, a true
philosopher does not see himself as a “philosopher” but as someone _________________
who thirsts for wisdom
kind of idealism focuses on the importance (value of patience) : use of senses (observation)
cosmocentrism
Existence of the universe or nature - Water is the source if everything
thales
“Socratic Questioning”
An art of questioning
socratic questioning
“Dualistic”philosophy
Built the “academy”
plato
the “Lyceum”
Aristotle
“cosmocentrism” but the difference is that God/Divine is now the
reason for all existence. They sought to combine faith and reason
“cosmocentrism” but the difference is that God/Divine is now the
reason for all existence. They sought to combine faith and reason
theocentrism
Adapting platonic idealism
- “The Confession” Combination of Science and religion centered on
faith not reason – Fides et Ratio
st. augustine
“Angelic Doctor of the Church” - Adopted Aristothelian philosophy. He wrote his “Summa Theologiae,” reason over faith
st thomas aquinas
First one to developed a Christian ontological argument
- “Proslogion” centered on faith over reason
St. anselm of canterbury
focuses or gives emphasis on human kind being the center of everything. Mind or rationalism is the trend idealism at this point of time.
anthropocentrism
focus of anthropocentrism
self
I think: therefore I am
- Methodic Doubt (Systematic Doubt) - Father of Modern Philosophy
- “Evil Genius” (“confusion”) - divine being who just put information
(Prevent to be decisive)
rene descartes
- To see is to believe
- Empiricist: empirical (knowledge through senses)
John Locke
All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the
understanding and ends with reason. - Dare to think
- There is nothing higher that reason
Immanuel Kant
reality’s divisions
noumenon and phenomenon
the things we do not have the capability to do
noumenon
the things we experience
phenomenon
when modernity came, _______- became the central point of philosophy
nationality
Critique modernity as failure – because man that time became so
lazy and rely everything with science - Neglect the importance of reflection -
Aido Tassi
gave birth to all the -ism of philosophy
modernity
The forgetfulness of being
Oblivion (Martin Heidegger)
the truth becomes relative or “kanya-kanya”
relativism
central focus or view in the greek era
soul or spirit
most difficult question in philo
who am i
the topic of philosophy since time immemorial
man
Gives emphasis on the cause of things
- Physicists
- Abstract and Objective thinking - They used sensible substance in order to explain reality
Ionian tradition
first man who objectively viewed the world in a material nonreligious way. - There must be a primary substance that makes up everything (Water)
Thales of Miletus
Disagreed Thales’ belief about water because there is the presence of the “opposite.”
heraclitus
Dogmatic
- Practical Men: involved in their cities. (Important roles)
- Different direction from the Ionian
italian tradition
- Thought of the study of mathematics. This is why for him, numbers are not just ultimate objects of reality but can be subjects of worship and
mystical contemplation. - Believes in immortality and
reincarnation - Contributed to the study of
mathematics and rational philosophy
pythagoras
He’s a Pythagorean at first
contradicting the idea of Heraclitus. - There must be the presence of “stability” and reject the law of
contradiction or opposing forces.
- All change is an illusion
Parmenides
View reality with a plurality of substance and at the least if these is a “being”, one and immutable
pluralist tradition
theorized about the four elements that caused the existence of
everything
- Agreed with Parmenides about the “unity of all things”
- Everything is in the constant love and strife cycle
- Love is always overwhelming which causes the wonders of nature
(springs and etc.)
empedocles
- Presented the concept that everything is made up of “Atomic” particles
- In his philosophy, one can see the trend of scientific method.
democritus
