philo

Question 1

to think of one’s actions and do what is right and appropriate.

Answer 1

plato

Question 2

a great teacher in Athens around 469 BC argued that knowing oneself is vital in resolving life’s problem (Berversluis 2000).

Answer 2

socrates

Question 3

assesses the character of the student through questions and
gives students sets of problems, encourages the learner to break down each problem to its constituent elements, and clarify the solutions.

Answer 3

socratic method

Question 4

• answers the student’s direct or implied questions
• fills the void ignorance (absence of one’s own knowledge) with information, and proceeds by analogy and illustration, clearing the ground for exposition by demonstrating that some of the beliefs hitherto held by the students are irreconcilable with other beliefs or assumptions

Answer 4

expository method

Question 5

the physical human body is the source of endless trouble to us by reason of the mere requirement of food, being liable also to diseases overtaking and impeding us in the search after true being; it fills us full of love, lusts, fears, fancies of all kinds, and endless foolishness.

Answer 5

platos theory of immortality

Question 6

“to become its essence

Answer 6

aristotle

Question 7

Realizing one’s “higher self” means fulfilling one’s loftiest vision and noblest ideal.

Answer 7

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 8

Unique persons are responsible for their own existence. Few have the energy, courage, or insight to throw off the husks of convention and achieve a sincere realization of their potentialities. No one can do that for us. However, unless we do “become ourselves,” life is meaningless.

Answer 8

Arthur Schopenhauer

Question 9

Care is understood in terms of limited temporality, which ends with death.

Answer 9

3. Martin Heidegger

Question 10

is a representative of (atheistic) existentialism (Falikowski 2004). Sartre argued that the human person desires to be God’, a being that has its sufficient ground in itself (en sui causa). This means that for an atheist, since God does not exist, the human person must face the consequences of this. The human person is entirely responsible for his or her own existence.

Answer 10

4. Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 11

(in-itself) signifies the permeable and dense, silent and dead. From them comes no meaning, they only are. The en-soi is absurd; it only finds meaning only through the human person, the one and only pour-soi.

Answer 11

en soi

Question 12

(for-itself). The world only has meaning according to what the person gives to it. Compared with the en-soi, a person has no fixed nature. To put it in a paradox: the human person is not what he or she is.

Answer 12

POUR-SOI

Question 13

places the person’s temporal existence in the face of the transcendent God, an absolute imperative. To live an authentic existence always requires a leap of faith.

Answer 13

. Karl Jaspers