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philo Flashcards

1
Q

Logos

A

Definition: The theory, study, or rationalization of something.

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2
Q

Philosophy

A

Definition: A rigorous deliberation of ideas; love of wisdom (philo + sophia).

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3
Q

Teleology

A

Definition: The study of goal-oriented behavior.

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4
Q

Supreme Good

A

Definition: Desirable for its own sake; an end in itself.

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5
Q

Entelechy

A

Definition: Goal-oriented mechanism of self-actualization (instinct).

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6
Q

Telos

A

Definition: Activity of the mind (soul); choosing what is virtuous.

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7
Q

Human Telos

A

Definition: A rational activity of the mind that is in accordance with virtue.

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8
Q

Eudaimonia

A

Definition: Roughly translates to “happiness”; the function of a human being; the cultivation of human telos.

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9
Q

Moral Virtue

A

Definition: Virtue that derives from habit (moral and intellectual virtue).

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10
Q

Dualism

A

Definition: The philosophical position that there is a separation of the immaterial mind and the material body.

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11
Q

Materialism

A

Definition: The metaphysical position that reality is ultimately made up of matter.

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12
Q

Classical Idealism

A

Definition: To beware “the world of the flesh”; every material thing will dissipate.

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13
Q

Modern Idealism

A

Definition: There is no evidence of anything outside the conscious mind and its perceptions; denies the reality of an independent world.

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14
Q

Subjective Idealism

A

Definition: The substance is not what properties belong to; “to be is to be perceived” (esse est percipi).

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15
Q

Objective Idealism

A

Definition: The position that ideas exist in an objective state; “other-dependent.”

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16
Q

Phenomenology

A

Definition: The study of appearance.

17
Q

Phenomenological Reduction

A

Definition: To only make observations by assessing the appearance of something; no assumptions.

18
Q

Leap of Faith

A

Definition: When objective circumstances require subjective choices.

19
Q

Being

A

Definition: Superfluity and excess; the recognition that we are here as a result of random circumstances.

20
Q

Anguish

A

Definition: You must find, construct, and reconstruct yourself.

20
Q

Nothingness in Being

A

Definition: The recognition that there is no intrinsic purpose for us in the world; we can make our own meaning.

21
Q

Being-in-itself

A

Definition: Phenomena; no choice to be different.

22
Q

Being-for-itself

A

Definition: The consciousness; can be different.

23
Q

Consciousness

A

Definition: Human activities; making meaning is key.

24
Q

Morality

A

Definition: The standards that an individual or group have about what is right vs wrong, acceptable vs unacceptable.

25
Q

Bad Faith

A

Definition: Instead of facing the responsibility of free will, blaming others or fleeing from choice.

26
Q

Ethics

A

Definition: Reflecting on our own moral standards and the moral standards of society.

26
Q

Ethical Relativism

A

Definition: Are ethics relative? Denies existence of universally applicable moral standards.

27
Q

Egoism

A

Definition: “We act morally when we act in a way that promotes our long-term interests first.”

27
Q
A
28
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Definition: Moral action = greatest ratio of good to evil for all those involved.

29
Q

Rule Utilitarianism

A

Definition: We should act so that the rule governing our actions produces the greatest happiness for most people.

29
Q

Act-Utilitarianism

A

Definition: We should act in a way that produces the greatest pleasure and least pain for most people.

30
Q

Divine Command Theory

A

Definition: We should always do the will of God.

31
Q

Euthyphro Dilemma

A

Definition: Does God command something because it is good, or is it good because God commands it?

32
Q

Will

A

Definition: The capacity to be motivated by reason or maxims; it is a “moral duty.”

33
Q

Natural Law Ethics

A

Definition: Humans should live according to nature.

34
Q

The Categorical Imperative

A

Definition: Act as if the maxim by which you act can be willed into universal law; never do something unless it is possible for everyone to do it and you are willing for everyone to do it.

philo (2 decks)

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