PHILO 101 Lesson 3

Question 1

OPINION VS. TRUTH

OPINION

Answer 1

A belief, often subjective and unjustified.
Can be false, biased, or abstract.

Question 2

THEORIES OF TRUTH

CORRESPONDENCE THEORY

Answer 2

Truth aligns with physical reality.

Question 3

THEORIES OF TRUTH

COHERENCE THEORY

Answer 3

Truth fits within a logical system.

Question 4

THEORIES OF TRUTH

PRAGMATIC THEORY

Answer 4

Truth is what works and has practical benefits.

Question 5

PLATONIC IDEALISM

WORLD OF FORMS

Answer 5

(Ideal World) – Nonmaterial, unchanging, independent existence.

Question 6

PLATONIC IDEALISM

WORLD OF APPEARANCES

Answer 6

(Physical World) – Imperfect, changing, and dependent on the Forms.

Question 7

MEANING OF ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

Answer 7

Ignorance vs. Enlightenment
The Process of Learning - from ignorance to knowledge is difficult and uncomfortable
Reality vs. Illusion

Question 8

PLATO’S TRIPARTITE SOUL & CHARIOT ALLEGORY

A well-ordered soul is when r– governs, s– supports, and a– is kept in check leading to peace and harmony.

Answer 8

REASON governs, SPIRIT supports, and APPETITE is kept in check

Question 9

PLATO’S TRIPARTITE SOUL & CHARIOT ALLEGORY

1. RATIONAL (HEAD) - seeks t–, w–, and l–.

Answer 9

Truth, Wisdom, and Logic

Question 10

PLATO’S TRIPARTITE SOUL & CHARIOT ALLEGORY

2. SPIRITED (HEART/CHEST) - represents c–, e–, and w–.

Answer 10

Courage, Emotions, and Willpower

Question 11

PLATO’S TRIPARTITE SOUL & CHARIOT ALLEGORY

3. APPETITIVE (STOMACH) - desires pp

Answer 11

Physical Pleasures

Question 12

THE LOGIC OF DISCOVERY AND PARADIGM SHIFTS

Karl Popper: Science and Predictability

Answer 12

Scientific knowledge is characterized by predictability.
Any scientific theory must be consistent and sustainable both mathematically and in practice.

Question 13

THE LOGIC OF DISCOVERY AND PARADIGM SHIFTS

Thomas Khun: Paradigm Shift

Answer 13

Scientists work within existing norms until new discoveries challenge the status quo.
Paradigm shifts happen only when an existing theory can no longer explain scientific problems.

Question 14

PHENOMENOLOGY (EDMUND HUSSERL)

PHENOMENOLOGY examines __

Answer 14

lived experiences over conventional understanding.

Question 15

PARTS OF HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY

1. EPOCHE - suspending b– and j–.

Answer 15

biases and judgements.

Question 16

PARTS OF HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY

2. EIDETIC REDUCTION

Answer 16

seeing things as they truly are.

Question 17

PARTS OF HUSSERL’S PHENOMENOLOGY

3. TRANSCENDENTAL REDUCTION - validating truth through e–.

Answer 17

experiences.