PHILO 1 Flashcards
Study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles that govern all things.
PHILOSOPHY
Etymologically, the term philosophy came from two Greek words:__________(love) and ________ (wisdom)
PHILOS AND SOPHIA
The term philosophy came from __________ words :Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom)
GREEK
● Philosophy means ?
LOVE OF WISDOM
Study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
PHILOSOPHY as Academic Discipline
● Creative method of determining the truth/answering problems.
PHILOSOPHY AS AN ART
What are the three purpose of studying Philosphy?
- PHILOSOPHY SOLVES PROBLEM
- PHILOSOPHY PROVIDE SENSE OF DIRECTION
- PHILOSOPHY PROMOTES TOLERANCE AND UNDERSTANDING
Utilizes philosophical methods in answering questions.
PHILOSOPHY SOLVES PROBLEM
Concepts, beliefs, and isms are discussed and examined, for which among them is relevant to everyday living and addresses pressing problems regarding existence.
PHILOSOPHY PROVIDE SENSE OF DIRECTION
The ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with.
PHILOSOPHY PROMOTES TOLERANCE AND UNDERSTANDING
What are the 5 branches of Philosophy?
- METAPHYSICS
- EPISTEMOLOGY
- ETHICS
- AESTHETIC
- LOGIC
Deals with correct reasoning.
LOGIC
Deals with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and good taste.
AESTHETICS
Explores the fundamental nature of reality and being.
METAPHYSICS
The investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
EPISTEMOLOGY
The study of the nature of reality and existence.
METAPHYSICS
Deals with moral questions and dilemmas.
ETHICS
● Explores the nature and limitations of knowledge
EPISTEMOLOGY
A system of moral principles or rules that say what is and is not acceptable.
ETHICS
People who are engaged in Philosophy are called _____________ or ______________ ___ ________.
PHILOSOPHERS OR LOVERS OF WISDOM
__________ is the birthplace of Philosophy in the ___________.
ANCIENT GREECE AND WEST
Believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness.
EPICURUS
341 BCE TO 270 BCE
His teachings and views were later developed by his followers and influenced the development of several schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism
DIOGENES OF SINOPE
460 BCE TO 370 BCE
First philosopher in the West.
THALES OF MILETUS
624 BCE to 546 BCE
● Mathematician and a scientist.
● Credited with formulating the Pythagorean Theorem.
PYTHAGORAS
570 BCE to 495 BCE
● Advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.
DIOGENES OF SINOPE
460 BCE TO 370 BCE
Devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena.
DEMOCRITUS
460 BCE TO 370 BCE
Everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos.
HERACLITUS
535 BCE to 475 BCE
● Founder of the philosophy that all of Nature had developed from one source (One in the Many).
THALES OF MILETUS
624 BCE to 546 BCE
● He was the first to use the term philosophy.
PYTHAGORAS
570 BCE to 495 BCE
● Believed that the primary constituent of reality would be numbers, anything could be explained through numbers.
PYTHAGORAS
570 BCE to 495 BCE
● He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.
DEMOCRITUS
460 BCE TO 370 BCE
● Fir him the underlying substance that reality is made of must be water.
THALES OF MILETUS
● He believes that the only permanent in this world is change.
HERACLITUS
● Who said “No man ever steps on the same river twice.”
HERACLITUS
● He believed that fire is the first principle.
HERACLITUS
Everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan
LOGOS
matter is composed of tiny particles called _______
ATOMS
PHILOSOPHY TOOK ITS GREATEST FLIGHT DURING THE TIME OF THE THREE GREEK TRIUMVIRATE, WHO ARE THEM?
- SOCRATES
- PLATO
- ARISTOTLE
Father of Western Philosophy.
SOCRATES
470 BCE TO 399 BCE
Father of Logic
ARISTOTLE
He founded the ACADEMY.
PLATO
One of the greatest philosophers who wrote nothing.
SOCRATES
Student of Socrates
PLATO
● He is also known for his dialectic.
PLATO
For him, our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive.
ARISTOTLE
Who create the Theory of Form and The Dialectic?
PLATO
He believed everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind
PLATO
Attended the academy.
ARISTOTLE
●Credited with formulating the Socratic Method.
SOCRATES
method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at a new knowledge.
DIALECTIC
A means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.
SOCRATIC METHOD
everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind
THEORY OF FORMS
the logical refutation of an argument.
The goal of the facilitator is to refute an argument to elicit the truth.
ELENCHUS
● The Father of Modern Philosophy.
RENÈ DESCARTES
1596 - 1650
A way of searching a certainty by systematically doubting everything.
CARTESIAN DOUBT
What is the famous quotation of Renè Descartes about truth?
“I think, therefore I am.
It enables every person who pursues it to think outside of the customary and challenges the reason for any law imposed by his/her society.
PHILOSOPHY
