PHIL-Vocab

Question 1

bigotry

Answer 1

intolerance toward those who hold different opinions from oneself.

Question 2

canon

Answer 2

a general law, rule, principle, or criterion by which something is judged

Question 3

capitalism

Answer 3

an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Question 4

categorical imperative

Answer 4

an unconditional moral obligation that is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person’s inclination or purpose.

Question 5

concept

Answer 5

an abstract idea; a general notion

Question 6

consciousness

Answer 6

the state of being awake and aware of one’s surroundings.

Question 7

creationism

Answer 7

the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution.

Question 8

criterion

Answer 8

a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided

Question 9

culture

Answer 9

the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.

Question 10

deconstructionism

Answer 10

a philosophical or critical method which asserts that meanings, metaphysical constructs, and hierarchical oppositions

Question 11

deduction

Answer 11

the action of deducting or subtracting something.

Question 12

defense mechanism

Answer 12

an automatic reaction of the body against disease-causing organisms.

Question 13

catharsis

Answer 13

the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions

Question 14

citizenship

Answer 14

the status of being a citizen. If you have citizenship in a country, you have the right to live there, work, vote, and pay taxes!

Question 15

communism

Answer 15

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 16

compatibilism

Answer 16

Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are compatible ideas, and that it is possible to believe both without being logically inconsistent.

Question 17

conatus

Answer 17

n early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics, conatus (/koʊˈneɪtəs/; Latin for “effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving”) is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself.

Question 18

catharsis

Answer 18

the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.

Question 19

citizenship

Answer 19

is the status of being a citizen. If you have citizenship in a country, you have the right to live there, work, vote, and pay taxes!

Question 20

communism

Answer 20

a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 21

compatibilism

Answer 21

is the belief that free will and determinism are compatible ideas, and that it is possible to believe both without being logically inconsistent.

Question 22

conatus

Answer 22

In early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics, conatus (/koʊˈneɪtəs/; Latin for “effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving”) is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself.

Question 23

deontology

Answer 23

the study of the nature of duty and obligation

Question 24

despair

Answer 24

the complete loss or absence of hope

Question 25

dialectic

Answer 25

the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions

Question 26

divinity

Answer 26

the state of being divine

Question 27

dogmatism

Answer 27

the tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others.

Question 28

dualism

Answer 28

the division of something conceptually into two opposed or contrasted aspects, or the state of being so divided

Question 29

ego

Answer 29

a person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance

Question 30

empiricism

Answer 30

the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience

Question 31

epistemology

Answer 31

the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope

Question 32

equality

Answer 32

he state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities

Question 33

essence

Answer 33

the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character

Question 34

ethics

Answer 34

moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior

Question 35

evolutionism

Answer 35

a common 19th century belief that organisms inherently improve themselves through progressive inherited change over time, and increase in complexity through evolution. The belief went on to include cultural evolution and social evolution.

Question 36

existence

Answer 36

the fact or state of living or having objective reality