PHIL Mid-Term

Question 1

The Cultural Difference Argument

Answer 1

Different cultures have different moral beliefs, practices, and traditions. If different cultures have different moral beliefs, traditions, and traditions, then there is no universal moral truth

Question 2

Divine Command Moral Theory

Answer 2

Morality is based on the commands of God

Question 3

Problem with the Euthypro

Answer 3

• concerned with a view of morality related to god
• do the gods love good action cause it is good or is good action good cause it is loved by the gods?

Question 4

Ethics of Belief

Answer 4

we have a duty to make sure it is not infected with beliefs that don’t have good evidence

Question 5

Contractarianism

Answer 5

based on the idea that we as rational, free, self-serving individuals can trade in some of our freedom for increased benefits and security in society

Question 6

Justice as Fairness

Answer 6

could human beings reach a fair and impartial agreement as true equals not based by their place in society. Should be treated equally and unequal unequally

Question 7

Folk-Biology

Answer 7

refers to people’s everyday understanding of the biological world - how they perceive, categorize, and reason about living kinds

Question 8

Hypo-Descent

Answer 8

• anyone who is racially mixed is the lower race
• one drop-rule

Question 9

Racialism vs. Racism

Answer 9

Racialism- the belief that there are several races of humans
Racism- the view that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that some races are naturally superior to others

Question 10

The psychological wage

Answer 10

• if you are poor you should not talk about it because you are white
• called a wage cause it takes place of money

Question 11

GI Bill of Rights and FHA Loans

Answer 11

GI Bill of Rights - provided WWII veterns with funds for college edu, unemployment insurance, and housing

FHA Loans- type of mortgage insured by the Federal Housing Administration that may let you take down payment as low as 3.5%

Question 12

Race Eliminativism

Answer 12

biologically there is no races so why don’t we get rid of races

Question 13

Color-blind racism

Answer 13

a form of racism to ignore others skin color and that skin color is no longer the problem (we all have equal opportunities)

Question 14

invisible knapsack

Answer 14

• metaphor used to describe the under privilege seen for white people
• shows how white people are oblivious to their privileges

Question 15

The Myth of the Model Minority

Answer 15

a minority group whose members are perceived as having achieved success through hard work and determination (Asian American example)

Question 16

levels of racsim/discrimination

Answer 16

internalized
interpersonal
institutional
structural

Question 17

era of mass incarceration

Answer 17

• began with nixons war on crime
• powder cocaine v. crack cocaine
• 1994 crime bill
• prison labor

Question 18

1994 Federal Crime Bill

Answer 18

• violent crime control
• you have to serve 80% of sentence
• gave money to build prisons
• new policemen on streets
• created for tougher sentences

Question 19

ALEC

Answer 19

members were politicians and corporations who get to propose laws mostly to Republicans

Question 20

13th Amendment

Answer 20

• made it illegal to have slaves
• era of mass incarceration

Question 21

School to Prison Pipline

Answer 21

Labeling students as “disabled” often leads them into being suspended or expelled which can lead to them into prison. Being labels as “learning disabled” or “special education” can receive extra funding from the federal government

Question 22

pathology to poverty

Answer 22

poor people are poor becasue of the bad choice that they make. if they don’t get married before having kids and they are lazy; hence why they are poor

Question 23

wage theft

Answer 23

• underpay workers
• increase work load
• effects paid workers, undocumented workers, and women
• paid in cash are more likely to be victims

Question 24

myth of equal opportunity

Answer 24

everyone has an equal chance to success and to have success in the US requires nothing more than hard work, sacrifice and perseverane

Question 25

gini coefficient

Answer 25

• measure of inequality among values of frequency distribution
• level of income

Question 26

great gatsby curve

Answer 26

shows the connection between the concentration of wealth in one generation and the ability of those in the next generation to move up the economic ladder compared to their parents

Question 27

exploitation of labor

Answer 27

the abuse of people in the workplace for profit

Question 28

inequality and health

Answer 28

• the lower someone socio-economic position is the higher their risk of poor health
• male vs. female health ( color)

Question 29

concerted cultivation

Answer 29

• style of parenting

Question 30

1st Amendment

Answer 30

congress shall not make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press

Question 31

corporate plutocracy

Answer 31

• Societies rooted in state-corporate capitalism or which prioritize the accumulation of wealth over other interests
• society ruled or controlled by people of great wealth or income

Question 32

demographic transition

Answer 32

long term trend of declining birth and death rates resulting in change in the age distribution of a population

Question 33

intersectionality

Answer 33

experiences of social categories such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation and how these categories interact to create a system of oppression, domination, and discrimination