PHI 114: Comp Rel: Test 1 Flashcards
The Upanishads teach that underlying reality is a spiritual essence called ____________
BRAHMAN
Laurie Goodstein writes, “Americans are by all measures a deeply religious people, but they are also deeply ignorant about ____________.”
RELIGION
A term describing New Religious Movements that is now seen as derogatory is __________.
CULT
Short sacred sounds or words used in prayer and meditation are called ____________.
MANTRAS
______________ is the idea that humans cannot know if god or gods exist.
AGNOSTICISM
According to scholar Karen Armstrong, “Religion starts with the perception that something is __________.”
WRONG
Release from the cycle of reincarnation is called ___________.
MOKSHA
The most sacred animal to Hindus is the ____________.
COW
Senses of awe and fear are aspects of the ____________ dimension of religion.
EMOTIONAL
_____________ is the spoken syllable that symbolizes the fundamental hidden reality of the universe.
OM
The study of religion, based on a commitment to that religion in order to promote it, is called ______________.
THEOLOGY
The elephant-headed god who is the son of Shiva is called _____________.
GANESH
The more the psychological study of religion focuses on neuroscience and the study of the human brain, the more it is related to the branch of scientific study called ___________.
BIOLOGY
Sociology is concerned with the relationship between religion and ___________, and how one shapes the other.
SOCIETY
The “oppressed ones” traditionally called outcastes today call themselves _______.
DALITS
The “secularization hypothesis” refers to
a. the idea that scientific inquiry and education would end religion in the world.
b. the belief in the freedom of religion in a democratic society.
c. a desire for the complete conversion of the world
’
s people.
d. the concerted effort by atheists to rid the worl of religion.
a. the idea that scientific inquiry and education would end religion in the world
The effort to deal with religious differences constructively is the practice of
a. non-religious theology b. religious pluralism
c. religious freedom d. religious constructivism
b. religious pluralism
In Hinduism, devotion to one’s chosen god is called
a. dharma b. bhakti
c. yoga d. tantra
b. bhakti
Which of the following is NOT a question asked by the author to encourage thought about the students’ “preunderstanding” of religion?
a. Can I be humble and provisional in my conclusions?
b. Which of the world
’
s religions is the most likely to ensure my ultimate happiness?
c. If I hold a religious belief, can I study other religions without feeling threatened in my own?
d. Do I have an unprejudiced view of what
“
religion
”
in general is? Or am I biased for or against it?
b. Which of the world’s religions is the most likely to ensure my ultimate happiness?
The belief in many gods is called
a. multitheism b. nominalism
c. polytheism d. contratheism
c. polytheism
The twentieth-century Indian movement for independence from the British Empire was led by
a. Dayananda Sarasvati b. Ramakrishna
c. Rammohan Roy d. Mohandas Gandhi
d. Mohandas Gandhi
Along with gender, class, and ethnicity, religion is emerging as one of the main markers of human
a. biology b. intelligence
c. identity d. geography
c. identity
Hindus use the following term for the image of a god or goddess
a. puja b. bahkti
c. murti d. bindi
c. murti
Karma means
a. Individual fate after reincarnation
b. When bad things happen to good people
c. A random and uncontrollable power that affects reincarnation
d. Deeds and acts as they influence reincarnation
d. Deeds and acts as they influence reincarnation
The books detailing sacrifice and its power are called the
a. Brahmanas b. Vedic Law
c. Rishi Chronicles d. Varuna
a. Brahmanas
The Hindu “book of knowledge” are collectively known as the
a. Agnihotra
b. Kama Sutra
c. Vedas
d. Brahman
c. Vedas
The term “civil religion” refers to
a. An effort to accommodate the beliefs of others.
b. Religious systems that employ a democratic system for establishing leadership.
c. A system of religion that is dictated by the state.
d. A popular and dominant religious tradition that usually involves religious convictions regarding the nation or culture.
d. A popular and dominant religious tradition that usually involves religious convictions regarding the nation or culture.
What is the definition of “private religion?”
a. The practices of an individual congregation.
b. Belief that there should be no government intrusion into religious belief and practice.
c. A pattern of belief held by only one person.
d. A congregation that purchases its own property for a church.
c. A pattern of belief held by only one person.
It is estimated that there are _____ Hindus in the world today.
a. 1.5 billion b. 220 million
c. 900 million d. 750 thousand
c. 900 million
The cycle of reincarnation is called
a. Karma b. Samsara
c. Dharma d. Ahimsa
b. Samsara
The Cognitive Dimension of religion
a. entails analyzing, systematizing, and passing along knowledge
b. entails thinking about the moral dogma of your own religion
c. entails memorizing passages of sacred texts to recite during rituals
d. entails meditative practice in order to achieve enlightenment
a. entails analyzing, systematizing, and passing along knowledge
This festival is considered the largest pilgrimage in the world.
a. Kumbha Mela
b. Kuala Lampur
c. Holi
d. Diwali
a. Kumbha Mela
The psychological study of religion focuses on
a. how religion helps people in their everyday lives
b. the social role of religion
c. the experience of individuals and types of religious experience
d. the importance of religious institutions
c. the experience of individuals and types of religious experience
The current ecological crisis is connected to religion through
a. cultural values b. human geography
c. practicing paganism d. secular societies
a. cultural values
The definition of religion used by our textbook is
a. A unified system of beliefs and practices
…
which unite into one single moral community
b. A pattern of beliefs and practices that expresses what a community regards as sacred and/or ultimate about life
c. A set of symbolic forms and acts which relate man to the ultimate conditions of his existence
d. What grows out of, and gives expression to, experiences of the holy in its various aspects
b. A pattern of beliefs and practices that expresses what a community regards as sacred and/or ultimate about life
What is the basic nature of the cognitive dimension of religion?
a. Using religious principles to understand evolution.
b. The development of systematized method for studying religion.
c. The aspects of a religious system that teaches its adherents what they need to know about their world and their traditions.
d. The level of study needed to become a priest or minister.
c. The aspects of a religious system that teaches its adherents what they need to know about their world and their traditions.
- Religious Studies is an academic discipline that
a. seeks the truth of a religion
b. aims to understand religions in a religiously neutral way
c. aims to understand religions objectively
d. is a non-threatening way for people to learn about religious traditions
b. aims to understand religions in a religiously neutral way
c. aims to understand religions objectively
d. is a non-threatening way for people to learn about religious traditions
- Which of the following definitions of religion are not listed in our textbook? Religion is…
a. Belief in the existence of a power greater than ourselves
b. the audacious attempt to conceive of the entire universe as being humanly significant
c. Something left over from the infancy of our intelligence; it will fade away as we adopt reason and science as our guides
d. Feeling warner in our hearts, more connected to others, more connected to something greater, and having a sense of peace
a. Belief in the existence of a power greater than ourselves
b. the audacious attempt to conceive of the entire universe as being humanly significant
- During the Classical Period these two great Hindu epics were written
a. Upanishad b. Mahabharata
c. Siddhartha d. Ramayana
b. Mahabharata
d. Ramayana
- Which of the following are included in the Vedas?
a. Dharma b. Rig
c. Sama d. Yajur
e. b, c, d
e. b, c, d
The special issues in the study of religion listed in our textbook include
a. same sex marriage b. atheism
c. tolerance d. ecology
e. creationism f. violence
c. tolerance d. ecology f. violence
The three central figures of the devotional movements are
a. Shiva b. Samsara
c. Vishnu d. Shakti
a. Shiva c. Vishnu d.Shakti
Examples of New Religious Movements include
a. Scientology b. Episcopalian
c. Baha
’
i d. Falun Gong
a. Scientology c. Baha’i d. Falun Gong
Vishnu’s incarnations include
a. Kali b. Lakshmi
c. Rama d. Krishna
c. Rama d. Krishna
Traditional Hindu funeral rituals include the following elements
a. ritual purification of the body b. a communal meal
c. drinking a special liquid d. cremation
a. ritual purification of the body d. cremation
. Which of the following are some of the goals of an academic course in World Religions?
a. An appreciation of the complexities of religious language and values
b. To convert people to or defend one
’
s religion
c. to understand how religious thought and practice are related to particular social and cultural contexts
d. to understand and explain important texts both critically and empathetically
a. An appreciation of the complexities of religious language and values
c. to understand how religious thought and practice are related to particular social and cultural contexts
d. to understand and explain important texts both critically and empathetically
. The criteria for New Religious Movements that warrants scholarly study is
a. An organized set of doctrines b. Longevity
c. Sufficient size d. Institutionalization
b. Longevity
c. Sufficient size
In the Varna system of classification Kshatriyas are
a. rulers b. priests
c. government administrators d. warriors
a. rulers
c. government administrators
d. warriors
The concept dharma encompasses
a. Righteousness b. Moral Teaching
c. Comic Order d. Entrance into Heaven
a. Righteousness
b. Moral Teaching
c. Comic Order
Which of the following are named as Dimensions of Religion in our textbook?
a. The Aesthetic Dimension b. The Cognitive Dimension
c. The Doctrinal Dimension d. The Institutional Dimension
a. The Aesthetic Dimension
b. The Cognitive Dimension
d. The Institutional Dimension
Scriptures all have the same function.
False
Most scriptures originated in oral tradition.
True
For moderns, the written word predominates.
True
Scriptures, by definition, are especially sacred.
True
One mark of scriptures’ holiness is their use in ritual.
True
The Musgrave Ritual is a scriptural rite.
False
Scriptures lack authority.
False
In Western “religions of the book” scriptures regulate much of life.
True
The Talmud is the Hebrew Bible.
False
Every world religion practices veneration.
True
Scripture is barred from public worship.
False
Scriptures can be used doctrinally.
True
There are three primarily cognitive uses of scripture.
True
Scripture can only be used cognitively.
False
Informative uses of scripture impart information.
True
The first popular anthology of world scriptures was edited by
a. Ballou c. Leeuw
b. Conway d. Vogt
b. Conway
How many times has Ballou’s book been revised?
a. Never c. Three Times
b. Once d. Six Times
a. Never
How many stages has the study of scripture passed through in the last 150 years?
a. Two c. Four
b. Three d. Six
b. Three
How many chapters in Religion in Essence and Manifestation deal with scripture?
a. One c. Four
b. Two d. Six
a. One
Whose book was first published under the title From Primitives to Zen?
a. Leeuw’s c. Lessa’s
b. Vogt’s d. Eliade’s
d. Eliade’s
Which book has remained in print continually since 1939?
a. The Bible of the World c. Religions in Essence and Manifestation
b. A World Religions Bible d. Reader in Comparative Religions
a. The Bible of the World
The present work is representative of which stage of scripture study?
a. First c. Fifth
b. Third d. Sixth
b. Third
The Upanishads include philosophy about
a. The nature of reality c. the reality of nature
b. The nature of plants d. God’s foreknowledge
a. The nature of reality
Genres are also known as
a. Devotionals c. Scriptures
b. Literary Forms d. Djinns
b. Literary Forms
What term do Coburn and Folkert reject?
a. Canon c. Word
b. Gospel d. Scripture
d. Scripture
The passing down of material by word of mouth only is known as a.Scriptural tradition c. Judaic tradition
b. Oral tradition d. Mythic tradition
b. Oral tradition
Who argued that Israelite scripture originated as a support for an educational program?
a. Carr c. Coburn
b. Folkert d. Vogt
a. Carr
For whom does the written word predominate?
a. Moderns c. Jews
b. Ancients d. Muslims
a. Moderns
How many new scriptural revelations were added to the Mormon canon in the twentieth century?
a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
a. 2
- The Upanishads form the final part of the Shruti.
True
Ravana was the husband of the monkey-god.
False
The Story of Rama is attributed to Valkimi.
True
The Great Story of the Bharatas is the longest epic in the world.
True
There are seventeen Puranas.
False
Tantras are “weavings”.
True
There are three things that are said to define a practicing Hindu.
False
Practicing Hindus must perform caste duty.
True
The English word for recognized expert comes from a Hindu term.
True
Much of the ancient vedic form of Sanskrit is still in use today.
False
The Vedas were orally composed.
True
Brahmins always understand what they are saying as they chant.
False
Hindus believe that concentrating on the mantra allows one to tap into the cosmic power of creative speech.
True
Not all Hindus revere the Veda.
False
The Brahmins mark the high point of Hindu ritualism.
True
Hindus wash away the negative effects of what in the Ganges?
a. Karma c. Disease
b. Dogma d. Rebirth
a. Karma
Of all world religions, Hinduism is the most
a. Internally diverse c. Liberal
b. Cosmopolitian d. Internally coherent
a. Internally diverse
Hindu scripture is divided into
a. Two classes c. Four classes
b. Three classes d. Six classes
a. Two classes
What is the primary revelation in Hindu scripture?
a. What is heard c. What is given
b. What is seen d. What is thought
a. What is heard
Who are the rishis?
a. Ancient seers c. Living prophets
b. Modern priests d. Unmarried women
a. Ancient seers
How many Vedas are there in the Shruti?
a. Two c. Six
b. Four d. Twelve
b. Four
The Aranyakas are the
a. Forest Books c. Teacher Books
b. Earth Books d. Brahmin Books
a. Forest Books
Knowledge of atman will release a Hindu from
a. Karma c. Shiva
b. Dogma d. Reincarnation
d. Reincarnation
How many books are there in the Rig-Veda?
a. Two c. One Hundred and twenty
b. Ten d. One Thousand and twenty-eight
b. Ten
Prince Rama’s wife was
a. Shiva c. Shalom
b. Sita d. Sinai
b. Sita
For Hindus, faithful reading is the route to
a. Heaven c. Karma
b. Salvation d. Redemption
b. Salvation
Hindu scriptures have been in existence for
a. 1,000 years c. 3,000 years
b. 2,000 years d. 4,000 years
c. 3,000 years
The world’s largest religious festival is held in
a. Chennai c. Bombay
b. Madras d. Hardwar
d. Hardwar
How many of the Upanishads have been influential in Hindu history?
a. 13 c. 123
b. 101 d. 327
a. 13
How many Veda’s are there?
a. 2 c. 6
b. 4 d. 8
b. 4
