Pheromone Processing - Vertebrates

Question 1

What are the 2 distinct pathways for vertebrate pheromone processing?

Answer 1

MOE to MOB
VNO to AOB

Question 2

OSNs move through this bone structure to get to the brain

Answer 2

Cribiform plate

Question 3

Describe zone to zone projection of the olfactory bulb

Answer 3

Zones on the olfactory epithelium correspond to distinct zones on the olfactory bulb

Question 4

In general, the main olfactory bulb processes (1) information

Answer 4

Olfactory

Question 5

In general, the accessory olfactory bulb processes (1) information

Answer 5

Pheromone

Question 6

True or false: there are multiple olfactory receptors within a given zone of the olfactory epithelium

Answer 6

True, but a given receptor is present in that zone only

Question 7

What are the output neurons of the olfactory bulb? (2)

Answer 7

Mitral and tufted cells

Question 8

Which 2 types of neurons are responsible for lateral inhibition of olfactory bulb output neurons?

Answer 8

Granule cells and periglomerular cells

Question 9

Periglomerular cells synapse to (1) dendrites

Answer 9

Primary

Question 10

Granule cells synapse to (1) dendrites

Answer 10

Secondary

Question 11

What neurotransmitter is released by granule and periglomerular cells?

Answer 11

GABA

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is released by mitral and tufted cells?

Answer 12

Glutamate

Question 13

What are 2 factors which influence where a pheromone or odorant is processed within the vertebrate olfactory map?

Answer 13

1. Carbon chain length
2. Position (ortho, para, meta) of the side chain

Question 14

Describe the importance of coincidence detection in the vertebrate olfactory system

Answer 14

Some neurons of the olfactory cortex need coincidence of several activated glomeruli to get a response – in this way, this is a form of pre-processing and is similar to combinatorial coding