phenomenology

Question 1

what are the 5 symptoms of perception to know of?

Answer 1

• illusion
• hallucination
• over-valued idea
• delusion
• delusional perception

Question 2

define an illusion

Answer 2

misperception of a real stimulus

Question 3

define a hallucination

Answer 3

perception in the absence of a stimulus

Question 4

define an over-valued idea

Answer 4

• a belief sustained beyond logic /reason

- less rigid than a delusion (shakeable)

Question 5

define a delusion

Answer 5

an unshakeable, false belief that is firmly maintained despite evidence to the contrary

Question 6

define a delusional perception

Answer 6

• delusional belief from a real perception
• e.g. red light means FBI are coming for me
• Schneider’s 1st rank symptom

Question 7

what are the 6 thought disorders to know of?

Answer 7

• insertion
• withdrawal
• broadcast
• echo
• block
• concrete thinking

Question 8

define thought insertion

Answer 8

belief that thoughts have been inserted by an external agency

Question 9

define thought withdrawal

Answer 9

belief that thoughts have been stolen by an external agency

Question 10

define thought broadcast

Answer 10

thoughts are being broadcast out loud and heard by others

Question 11

define thought echo

Answer 11

a form of auditory hallucination in which patient hears their thoughts out loud

Question 12

define thought block

Answer 12

sudden interruption in train of thought, sudden “blank”

Question 13

a) define concrete thinking

b) where is it seen?

Answer 13

a) lack of abstract thinking

b) seen in ASD and psychosis

Question 14

what are the 5 expressive disorder symptoms to know of?

Answer 14

• loosening of association
• circumstantiality
• perseveration
• tangential
• confabulation

Question 15

define loosening of association

Answer 15

• lack of logical association between thoughts

- speech is incoherent

Question 16

define circumstantiality

Answer 16

• talking at great length around the subject

- eventually returning to the topic

Question 17

a) define perseveration

b) where is it seen?

Answer 17

a) repeating a word / phrase

b) organic / frontal disorder

Question 18

define tangential expression

Answer 18

similar to circumstantiality, except it does NOT come back to the topic

Question 19

a) define confabulation

b) where is it seen?

Answer 19

a) giving a false account to fill a memory gap - NOT deliberate lying
b) Korsakoff’s

Question 20

what are the 5 symptoms of passivity to know?

Answer 20

• somatic passivity
• made acts, feelings, drives
• catatonia
• stupor
• psychomotor retardation

Question 21

define somatic passivity

Answer 21

delusional belief that bodily sensations are from external agency

Question 22

define made acts/feelings/drives

Answer 22

experience being carried out by the patient is considered alien / imposed on them

Question 23

define catatonia

Answer 23

• significantly excited / inhibited motor activity

- wavy flexibility or posturing

Question 24

define stupor

Answer 24

• complete loss of activity
• no response to stimuli
• could indicate progression of motor retardation

Question 25

define psychomotor retardation

Answer 25

slowing of thoughts and movements

Question 26

what are the 4 speech disorder symptoms to know of?

Answer 26

- flight of ideas - neologisms - pressure of speech - poverty of speech

Question 27

define flight of ideas

Answer 27

rapid skipping from one thought to other distantly related ideas

Question 28

define a neologism

Answer 28

using novel / made up words

Question 29

define pressure of speech

Answer 29

- rapid rate of delivery | - may be associated with rhymes / puns

Question 30

define poverty of speech

Answer 30

reduced amount, range and content of speech

Question 31

define anhedonia

Answer 31

inability to experience please from activities that are usually enjoyable

Question 32

what are the 3 mood disorder symptoms to know of?

Answer 32

- flattening of affect - incongruity of affect - obsession - compulsion

Question 33

define flattening of affect

Answer 33

reduced range of emotional expression

Question 34

define incongruity of affect

Answer 34

mismatch between emotional expression and content

Question 35

a) define an obsession | b) where is it seen?

Answer 35

a) an unwanted, recurrent thought, experienced as intrusive | b) OCD, paraphilias

Question 36

a) define a compulsion | b) where is it seen?

Answer 36

a) irresistible urge to act a certain way, feeling something bad will happen if they don't do it b) OCD

Question 37

define Belle indifference

Answer 37

apparent lack of concern at symptoms / disability

Question 38

define depersonalisation

Answer 38

belief that your thoughts and feelings don't belong to you

Question 39

define derealisation

Answer 39

feeling as if you're looking in on yourself from outside

Question 40

define stereotyping

Answer 40

persistently repeating a behaviour for no reason