Phenomenology Flashcards
What’s an illusion?
False perception with a stimulus
What’s a hallucination?
False perception without a stimulus
No insight
What is a pseudohallucination and why is not used today?
‘Hallucination with insight’
Is it derogatory and an outdated term
What’s a hypnopomic hallucination ?
A hallucation experienced when the patient wakes up
What’s a hypnogogic hallucination?
Hallucinations that occur when a patient is falling asleep
What are the two types of auditory hallucinations?
- 2nd person
- 3rd person
Define the two types of auditory hallucinations
2nd - directed at the pt
3rd -about the pt
Define reflex hallucinations
Provoked by a stimulus
From one modality it another
Example of a reflex hallucination
Seeing an elephant every time pt listens to music
What’s an extracampine reflex
Outside of possible sensory field
Example of an extracampine hallucination
Pt hearing thoughts/conversations from another country
What’s an overvalued idea
A belief that’s not linked with reality, but may be challenged and shifted
What’s a delusion
Belief that’s not linked with reality, but cannot be challenged
What are the 4 categories of delusions
Bizarre
Non-bizarre
Mood-neutral
Mood-congruent
Define the mood-related delusions
Mood-neutral - delusion not influenced by mood
Mood-congruent - delusion is influenced by mood
Define the two non-mood related delusions and give an example each
Bizarre - implausible situations
Eg. Alien invasion
Non-bizarre - plausible situations
Eg. Being followed by someone
Define persecutory delusions
Give an example
Pt believes they’re in danger
Eg. Someone is going to kill them
What are grandiose delusions
Give an example
Pt believes that they are above others or are capable of much greater than things
Eg. They have supernatural powers
What are self-referential hallucinations
Give an example
Object not related has special relevance
Eg. Newscaster wearing bow tie means bad news
Define erotomania
Pt is convinced someone else is in love with them
Usually someone famous/they have not interacted much with
Define nihilistic hallucinations
Give an example
Pt believes they are dead, or have missing limbs
Eg - I’m already dead thus can cremate myself
My organs aren’t here anymore, I don’t have to eat
Define somatic/hypochondriacal hallucinations
Pt believes there is something wrong with them
Have multiple doctors appointments, want surgery, may be depressed or suicidal
Define religious hallucinations
Beliefs not accepted by persons normal religion
Idiosyncratic beliefs
What are 3 types of misidentification delusions
HINT - sofa, argument acronym
Capgras
Freogli
Subjective double
Define capgras
Delusion that someone close to you is replaced by a stranger
Define fregoli
Delusion that various people around you are the same person
Define subjective double
Delusion that your doppelgänger is deceiving others by pretending to be you
What is delusional perception?
Give an example
Perception of a change with a false meaning
Eg. Traffic light turning red means aliens are about to invade
Define thought-alienation
Belief your thoughts have been interfered with by external sources
Define thought withdrawal
Belief that thoughts are being removed from the mind
Define thought insertion
Beliefs that thoughts are being inserted in the mind
Define thought broadcast
Belief that everyone can hear the pt thoughts
Define thought-echo
Pt hears their thoughts being spoken aloud
Define thought-blocked
Conversation/thought process has been stopped and cannot be picked up again
Define concrete thinking
Little flexibility in thought process, pt takes everything literally
Define loosening association
Disconnected and fragmented speech
Pt jumps from one idea to another - may be unrelated or indirectly related
Define circumstantiality
HINT - swirly
Talking about a point and EVENTUALLY getting to it
Define perseveration
Pt answers question with answer
Proceed to answer rest of questions with the same answer
Define confabulation
3 part answer
Difficulty forming memories
Often no insight
As a result will fill in gaps of memory
Define somatic passivity
Give an example of this
Belief an external source is acting on pt
Eg. Satan is making me do this
Define
Made act/feeling/drive
Belief that something is making you act/feel/do a certain thing
Define psychomotor retardation
Give an example
The slowing of the pt thought-process or movement
Eg. Taking long to answer a question OR taking a while to move from one sofa to another
Define pressure speech
Tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly
Speech produced is difficult to interrupt
Speech may be irrelevant/tangential for the listener to understand
Define flight of ideas
Pt rapidly shifts between conversation topics, making their speech challenging to follow
Define anhedonia
Activities that brought pleasure before does not anymore
Define apathy
Not having the drive/energy to do things
Define Incongruity of affect
HINT :) :(
The facial expression of pt doesn’t correlate with their topic of conversation
Define blunting of affect
Loss of facial expression with presentation
Define belle indifference
Give an example
The apparent lack of concern shown by pt towards their
symptoms
Eg. Pt leg amputated and they do not seem to care for it
Define conversion symptoms
Pt has blindness, paralysis, or other neurologic symptoms that cannot be medically explained
Define depersonalisation
Detachment from themselves
Define derealisation
Pt still feels themselves, but detached to everyone around
Two forms of dissociation relevant to your studies
Depersonalisation
Derealisation
Define dissociation
Why do people experience this
The sensation of being detached from experiences
It’s a defence mechanism, due to trauma
Define obsession
Thoughts repeatedly appearing in the mind
Define compulsion
Urge to keep doing something
Define akathisia
Sensation of restlessness
Define projection
Give an example
Defence mechanism in which individual attributes things they find unacceptable in themselves to another person
Eg. Person doesn’t have a good relationship with their mother so dislikes their friends mother
Define transference
Give an example
When pt’s feelings, desires, and expectations of one person are redirected and applied to another person
Eg. Pt has strict parents, thus finds all senior figures intimidating
Define poverty of speech
When speech is very minimal and must be prompted
Define poverty of thought
Global reduction in the quantity of thought
Define incongruity of affect
The expressionless nature of a pt
Define catatonia
Muscular rigidity and mental unresponsiveness
appearing to be in a daze
Define stupor
A state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
What is a thought disorder?
Disorder of cognitive organisation
Thoughts and conversation appear illogical, may be delusional or bizarre in content
Define stereotypy
Repetitive behaviour, a ritualistic movement
Define mannerism
A habitual gesture or way of speaking/behaving
