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PSYCH > Phenomenology > Flashcards

Phenomenology Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s an illusion?

A

False perception with a stimulus

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2
Q

What’s a hallucination?

A

False perception without a stimulus

No insight

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3
Q

What is a pseudohallucination and why is not used today?

A

‘Hallucination with insight’

Is it derogatory and an outdated term

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4
Q

What’s a hypnopomic hallucination ?

A

A hallucation experienced when the patient wakes up

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5
Q

What’s a hypnogogic hallucination?

A

Hallucinations that occur when a patient is falling asleep

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6
Q

What are the two types of auditory hallucinations?

A
  • 2nd person

- 3rd person

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7
Q

Define the two types of auditory hallucinations

A

2nd - directed at the pt

3rd -about the pt

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8
Q

Define reflex hallucinations

A

Provoked by a stimulus

From one modality it another

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9
Q

Example of a reflex hallucination

A

Seeing an elephant every time pt listens to music

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10
Q

What’s an extracampine reflex

A

Outside of possible sensory field

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11
Q

Example of an extracampine hallucination

A

Pt hearing thoughts/conversations from another country

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12
Q

What’s an overvalued idea

A

A belief that’s not linked with reality, but may be challenged and shifted

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13
Q

What’s a delusion

A

Belief that’s not linked with reality, but cannot be challenged

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14
Q

What are the 4 categories of delusions

A

Bizarre
Non-bizarre
Mood-neutral
Mood-congruent

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15
Q

Define the mood-related delusions

A

Mood-neutral - delusion not influenced by mood

Mood-congruent - delusion is influenced by mood

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16
Q

Define the two non-mood related delusions and give an example each

A

Bizarre - implausible situations
Eg. Alien invasion

Non-bizarre - plausible situations
Eg. Being followed by someone

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17
Q

Define persecutory delusions

Give an example

A

Pt believes they’re in danger

Eg. Someone is going to kill them

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18
Q

What are grandiose delusions

Give an example

A

Pt believes that they are above others or are capable of much greater than things
Eg. They have supernatural powers

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19
Q

What are self-referential hallucinations

Give an example

A

Object not related has special relevance

Eg. Newscaster wearing bow tie means bad news

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20
Q

Define erotomania

A

Pt is convinced someone else is in love with them

Usually someone famous/they have not interacted much with

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21
Q

Define nihilistic hallucinations

Give an example

A

Pt believes they are dead, or have missing limbs
Eg - I’m already dead thus can cremate myself
My organs aren’t here anymore, I don’t have to eat

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22
Q

Define somatic/hypochondriacal hallucinations

A

Pt believes there is something wrong with them

Have multiple doctors appointments, want surgery, may be depressed or suicidal

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23
Q

Define religious hallucinations

A

Beliefs not accepted by persons normal religion

Idiosyncratic beliefs

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24
Q

What are 3 types of misidentification delusions

HINT - sofa, argument acronym

A

Capgras
Freogli
Subjective double

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25
Q

Define capgras

A

Delusion that someone close to you is replaced by a stranger

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26
Q

Define fregoli

A

Delusion that various people around you are the same person

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27
Q

Define subjective double

A

Delusion that your doppelgänger is deceiving others by pretending to be you

28
Q

What is delusional perception?

Give an example

A

Perception of a change with a false meaning

Eg. Traffic light turning red means aliens are about to invade

29
Q

Define thought-alienation

A

Belief your thoughts have been interfered with by external sources

30
Q

Define thought withdrawal

A

Belief that thoughts are being removed from the mind

31
Q

Define thought insertion

A

Beliefs that thoughts are being inserted in the mind

32
Q

Define thought broadcast

A

Belief that everyone can hear the pt thoughts

33
Q

Define thought-echo

A

Pt hears their thoughts being spoken aloud

34
Q

Define thought-blocked

A

Conversation/thought process has been stopped and cannot be picked up again

35
Q

Define concrete thinking

A

Little flexibility in thought process, pt takes everything literally

36
Q

Define loosening association

A

Disconnected and fragmented speech

Pt jumps from one idea to another - may be unrelated or indirectly related

37
Q

Define circumstantiality

HINT - swirly

A

Talking about a point and EVENTUALLY getting to it

38
Q

Define perseveration

A

Pt answers question with answer

Proceed to answer rest of questions with the same answer

39
Q

Define confabulation

3 part answer

A

Difficulty forming memories
Often no insight
As a result will fill in gaps of memory

40
Q

Define somatic passivity

Give an example of this

A

Belief an external source is acting on pt

Eg. Satan is making me do this

41
Q

Define

Made act/feeling/drive

A

Belief that something is making you act/feel/do a certain thing

42
Q

Define psychomotor retardation

Give an example

A

The slowing of the pt thought-process or movement

Eg. Taking long to answer a question OR taking a while to move from one sofa to another

43
Q

Define pressure speech

A

Tendency to speak rapidly and frenziedly
Speech produced is difficult to interrupt
Speech may be irrelevant/tangential for the listener to understand

44
Q

Define flight of ideas

A

Pt rapidly shifts between conversation topics, making their speech challenging to follow

45
Q

Define anhedonia

A

Activities that brought pleasure before does not anymore

46
Q

Define apathy

A

Not having the drive/energy to do things

47
Q

Define Incongruity of affect

HINT :) :(

A

The facial expression of pt doesn’t correlate with their topic of conversation

48
Q

Define blunting of affect

A

Loss of facial expression with presentation

49
Q

Define belle indifference

Give an example

A

The apparent lack of concern shown by pt towards their
symptoms
Eg. Pt leg amputated and they do not seem to care for it

50
Q

Define conversion symptoms

A

Pt has blindness, paralysis, or other neurologic symptoms that cannot be medically explained

51
Q

Define depersonalisation

A

Detachment from themselves

52
Q

Define derealisation

A

Pt still feels themselves, but detached to everyone around

53
Q

Two forms of dissociation relevant to your studies

A

Depersonalisation

Derealisation

54
Q

Define dissociation

Why do people experience this

A

The sensation of being detached from experiences

It’s a defence mechanism, due to trauma

55
Q

Define obsession

A

Thoughts repeatedly appearing in the mind

56
Q

Define compulsion

A

Urge to keep doing something

57
Q

Define akathisia

A

Sensation of restlessness

58
Q

Define projection

Give an example

A

Defence mechanism in which individual attributes things they find unacceptable in themselves to another person
Eg. Person doesn’t have a good relationship with their mother so dislikes their friends mother

59
Q

Define transference

Give an example

A

When pt’s feelings, desires, and expectations of one person are redirected and applied to another person
Eg. Pt has strict parents, thus finds all senior figures intimidating

60
Q

Define poverty of speech

A

When speech is very minimal and must be prompted

61
Q

Define poverty of thought

A

Global reduction in the quantity of thought

62
Q

Define incongruity of affect

A

The expressionless nature of a pt

63
Q

Define catatonia

A

Muscular rigidity and mental unresponsiveness

appearing to be in a daze

64
Q

Define stupor

A

A state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility

65
Q

What is a thought disorder?

A

Disorder of cognitive organisation

Thoughts and conversation appear illogical, may be delusional or bizarre in content

66
Q

Define stereotypy

A

Repetitive behaviour, a ritualistic movement

67
Q

Define mannerism

A

A habitual gesture or way of speaking/behaving

PSYCH (5 decks)

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