Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Schiz > Phenomenology > Flashcards

Phenomenology Flashcards

1
Q

Emil Kraepelin

A

two major groups of primary psychotic disorders: The manic depressive psychosis and dementia praecox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Morel

A

(dementia of the young, a term coined earlier by Morel) he assumption at that time was that all affective psychosis had a nondeteriorating course as opposed to dementia praecox, which was deemed as deteriorating and irreversible.

He included in the concept of dementia praecox a broad group of disorders known separately at that time, such as paranoia, catatonia, and hebephrenia, and defined them as subtypes of the same illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

schizophrenia coined by

A

Eugene blueler (splitting of psychic functions )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

four As

A

Abnormal associations, autistic behavior and thinking, abnormal affect, and ambivalence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SFRS

A
  1. Audible thoughts
  2. Voices arguing or discussing
  3. Voices
    commenting on patient’s actions
  4. Somatic passivity
  5. Thought withdrawal
  6. Thought insertion 7.Thought
    broadcasting
  7. Made feelings
  8. Made impulses or drives
  9. Made volitional acts
  10. Delusional perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2nd rank symptoms

A
  1. delusional notions
  2. other hallucinations
  3. perplexity
  4. depressed or elevated mood
  5. flat affect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3rd rank symptoms

A

d/o speech and other motor manifestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Feighner criteria

A

) clinical description, (2) laboratory study, (3) delimitation from other disorders, (4) follow-up studies, and (5) family studies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DIAGNOSTIC SUBTYPES: why no more

A

eak relationship to biological variables, poor long-term stability, and poor predictive value. The paranoid subtype appears to have greater stability than the other subtypes and is used more often in clinical practice along with the undifferentiated type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BPRS - author and yr

A

John E. Overall and Donald R. Gorham.

1962

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PSE given by

A

John Wing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PANSS GIVEN BY

A

1987 by Stanley Kay, Lewis Opler, and Abraham Fiszbein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A review suggested that ……. percent of the general population experience hallucinations or persecutory delusions, and other reviews cite figures of up to ……percent of the general population as hearing voices.

A

5 to 8
15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

——— (a) are the most common type, followed by …….. (b), ……..hallucinations are less common

A

a. auditory hallucinations
b. visual hallucinations
c. and tactile (or haptic), olfactory, and gustatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

…… percent of people with schizophrenia have auditory hallucinations,

A

more than 70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

are the most common kind ofauditory hallucination

A

Voices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When it is voices that are heard, ….. are probably the most common. the mean number of words is been estimated to be ,,,,,,,,

A

single words, 3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

more likely to comply with command hallucinations if

A

(1) the voice is believed to be a real communication from someone else, especially if there is an identity for that person, (2) voices have benevolent intentions toward the patient or the action described will help the patient, (3) the voice has some omnipotence or other power greater than the patient, (4) there is are adverse consequences to the patient for not complying, and (5) the command is for a nonviolent action. Trait anger and impulsivity also increase the risks of compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

prevalence of visual hallucinations do not generally exceed

A

55 percent, and a more widely accepted estimate would include around one-third of patients with schizophrenia having visual hallucinations at some point in their illness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

actile hallucinations are present in a range of …. percent of people with schizophrenia,

A

15 to 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Olfactory and gustatory hallucinations tend to be reported by a small minority of patients, with ……. more common of the two types

A

olfactory hallucinations t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most people with schizophrenia will have delusions, and the percentage of people who will experience clinically significant delusions may exceed

A

70 percent.

23
Q

In Martin Harrow’s long-term follow-up studies, ….. of patients had delusions at all assessments over a 20-year period.

A

25 percent

24
Q

Patients with paranoia tend to have

A
  1. a worried thinking style, sleep disturbance, and anomalous internal experience.
  2. increased interpersonal sensitivity
  3. negative beliefs about themselves
  4. are influenced by life experiences and social circumstances to view the world as threatening.
  5. Living in urban environments and
  6. co- occurring substance abuse seem to exacerbate the problem.
25
Q

most common delusions in schizophrenia are ……. which are endorsed by up to…. percent of inpatients.

A

delusions of persecution, 80

26
Q

Bizarre delusions are

A

those that are considered implausible by people who are in the patient’s culture, and this is generally taken to mean something that is judged physically impossible

27
Q

DELUSIONS AND COGNITION.

A
  1. decisions based on less info
  2. hold judgements with greater confidence despite poor support for them
  3. rush to judgement
28
Q

2 syndrome concept by

A

T J Crow’s formulation of two separate dimensions of psychopathology, with a treatment responsive set of positive symptoms and a less responsive and potentially irreversible set of negative symptoms tied to demonstrable neuropathology, led to the generation of testable hypotheses and research efforts that continue to be active to this day.

29
Q

ariables associated with the presence of significant negative symptoms.

A

male gender, poor premorbid education and vocational function, earlier onset of illness, and longer duration of untreated illness. Negative symptoms in the prodrome, and especially at onset, predict persistence. There is a reciprocal relationship with affective symptoms, where more prominent affective symptoms are associated with a milder severity of negative symptoms.
more heritable than psychotic symptoms, lesser than disorganisation symptoms

30
Q

alogia present in how many schizophrenia

A

25 percent of people with schizophrenia.

31
Q

five general categories of negative symptoms:

A

avolition, anhedonia, social withdrawal (asociality), affective blunting, and alogia.

32
Q

avolition vs apathy

A

Avolition is similar to apathy, and these may be considered closely related, with avolition identifying a deficit in the ability to act and apathy a loss of concern for an idea or task.

33
Q

Patients with social withdrawal have deficits in

A

theory of mind, which refers to the ability to understand how another person might be thinking when there is common knowledge of their current circumstance.

34
Q

secondary causes of Negative Symptoms

A
  1. Long-term institutional care or subsistence-level existence on the streets and in shelters can remove normal, expectable pleasures and reinforcing activities
  2. psychotropic
  3. secondary to : delusions, hallucinations, mood symptoms.
35
Q

course of secondary negative symptoms

A

Secondary causes of negative symptoms, with the exception of medication effects, will often remit within a year of their onset, and sometimes the passage of time can help distinguish primary from secondary negative symptoms; symptoms that do not diminish over the course of a year and do not remit with manipulation of the medication regimen should lead to consideration of primary negative symptoms.

36
Q

Primary Negative Symptoms

A

ntrinsic to the disease process for the affected person.

least variable symptoms of schizophrenia

chronic , insidious

poor prognosis

more disorganisation

poor response to art

lower intelligence quotients, less education, worse work histories, and they are less likely to be married and more likely to be men

37
Q

deficit syndrome

A

2 or more neg symptoms in pt of schizophrenia, in last yr, not better attributed by other symptoms of schizophrenia, other pscyh illness or medications

  1. restricted affect
  2. diminished emotional range
  3. poverty of speech
  4. curbing of interests
  5. diminished sense of purpose
  6. diminished social drive
38
Q

rate of deficit syndrome

A

with rates between 10 and 30 percent; rates are lower early in course of illness and progress for the first 5 year

39
Q

is the most heritable of the traditional subtypes of schizophrenia

A

hebephrenia

40
Q

cerea flexibilitas,

A

waxy flexibility

41
Q

One estimate puts catatonia at a. ……. lifetime prevalence in schizophrenia, and DSM-5 suggests up to a …… (b) rate in inpatient settings.

A

a. 8 percent
b. 35 percent

42
Q

patients followed long-term after first hospitalization reveal rates of some depressive symptoms of

A

up to 75 or 80 percent.

43
Q

ull depressive syndrome

A

in from 25 to 75 percent of subjects.

44
Q

in schizophrenia find … (a) to be the most common anxiety disorder, with a prevalence

A

social phobia
of 15 percent

45
Q

rate of panic disorder and panic attacks in schiz

A

attacks (30%), 12% disorder

46
Q

ocd în schi indicated

A
  1. earlier age of onset
  2. severe psychosis
  3. more depression
  4. more disability
  5. more hospitalisation
  6. increased risk of suicide
  7. high risk of old in relatives
47
Q

r/f violence in schizophrenia

A
  1. male
  2. violent victimisations
  3. inc rates of violence with adults with schizophrenia
  4. poor impulse control
  5. premorbid conduct disorder
  6. threat delusions
  7. auditory hallucinations
  8. substance use (OR WITH UD 9 v/s 2 without )
  9. non adherence of art
  10. suicide threats and attempts
  11. neuro comorbidities
48
Q

epidemiology of homicide in schizophrenia

A

One estimate puts the percentage of homicide offenders with schizophrenia at greater than 6 percent; a common estimate is that the risk of homicide is 10 to 20 times higher in schizophrenia.

The MacArthur study found that violence was more likely to be directed at family members than people outside the family or strangers.

49
Q

…. percent of people with schizophrenia will make a suicide attempt sometime during their illness.

A

Twenty to 40

50
Q

suicide rate in schizophrenia

A

is 10 percent,

51
Q

newer evidence regarding suicide in schizophrenia

A

5 percent
with increased risk
1. early in the course of illness,
2. with frequent relapses,
3. at around the time of admission
4. immediately following discharge from a psychiatric facility,
5. preserved or emerging insight
6. a fear of mental deterioration seem to increase risk in this population

52
Q

negative symptoms protective against

A

suicide

53
Q

was the most common symptom of schizophrenia in the IPSS

A

Lack of insight

54
Q

Sympto domains in CTP

A
  1. psychotic symptoms
    2, negative symptoms
  2. disorganisation : motor symp, thought disorder,
  3. depression and anxiety
  4. agitation and hostility
  5. lack of insight

Schiz (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions