phenol

Question 1

properties of phenol

Answer 1

-high mp and bp as it H2 bond
-slightly soluble, as large non-polar is present

Question 2

reactivity of phenol

Answer 2

-the lp of O2 overlaps with delocalized pi electron in the benzene ring, more reactive towards electrophilic substitution

Question 3

acidity of phenol, water and ethanol

Answer 3

-the lp of O2 overlaps with delocalized pi electron in benzene ring, weakens the OH bond and H+ is available
-the alkyl group in ethanol is a EDG and has a +I effect, strengthens the OH bond and H+ is less available

Question 4

reaction with nitric acid

Answer 4

-with dil. HNO3, 2 and 4 position
-with conc. HNO3, 2, 4 and 6 position

Question 5

reaction with aq. bromine(observation)

Answer 5

-2,4 and 6 position
-decolourisation from reddish brown solution, white ppt

Question 6

Friedel craft alkylation of phenol

Answer 6

-anh. AlCl3
-haloalkane(reagent)

Question 7

Friedel craft acylation of phenol

Answer 7

-anh. AlCl3
-acyl chloride(reagent)

Question 8

reaction of phenol with sodium(observation)

Answer 8

-sodium phenoxide
-fizzing of H2 gas
-redox reaction

Question 9

reaction of phenol with NaOH(observation)

Answer 9

-sodium phenoxide
-phenol dissolves
-neutralisation reaction

Question 10

does NaOH react with alcohol

Answer 10

no

Question 11

how is phenol formed from benzene
(note what kind of reaction takes place, condition and reagent)

Answer 11

-benzene undergoes nitration to form nitrobenzene(conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, 55C) (mechanism:
electrophilic
substitution)
-nitrobenzene undergoes reduction to form phenylamine
(Sn, conc. HCL and heat)
-phenylamine undergoes diazotisation to form benzene diazonium chloride(NaNO2, HCL, T<10C) (reaction: substitution)
-benzene diazonium chloride undergoes substitution to form phenol(warm water) (reaction: hydrolysis)

Question 12

reactivity of phenol, benzene and benzoic acid

Answer 12

phenol>benzene>
benzoic acid
-check notes pg no.19

Question 13

what are the two different form of naphthol and what kind of reaction does it undergo

Answer 13

• 1-napthol, 2-napthol
  -undergoes reaction similar to benzene