PHC AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Question 1

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Answer 1

• •SRATEGY WAS INTRODUCED IN 1978
• •IN THE 1ST CONFERENCE OF WHO FOR HEALTH
• •IN ALMA ATA

Question 2

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Answer 2

• •SRATEGY WAS INTRODUCED IN 1978
• •IN THE 1ST CONFERENCE OF WHO FOR HEALTH
• •IN ALMA ATA

Question 3

ALMA ATA DECLARATION

Answer 3

"”HEALTH FOR ALL” WAS THE VISION

ALMA ATA MEANS THAT:

• •PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IS BASED UPON PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFIC, SOLID AND SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY
• •Put ppl at the centre of health care
• •Requires that health systems respond to the challenges of a changing world and growing expectations for better performance
• •Appropriate technology
• •Disapproval of overspecialisation of health personnel

Question 4

WHO definition PHC

Answer 4

••MEETING PEOPLE'S HEALTH NEEDS THR COMPREHENSIVE --PROMOTIVE 
--PROTECTIVE
--PREVENTIVE
--CURATIVE
--REHABILITATION 
--AND PALLIATIVE CARE
THROUGHOUT THE LIFE COURSE, 

STRATEGICALLY PRIORITIZING KEY HEALTH CARE
–SERVICES AIMED AT INDIVIDUALS AT INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES

THR PRIMARY CARE AND THE POPULATION THR PUBLIC HEALTH

FUNCTIONS AS THE CENTRAL ELEMENTS OF INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICES ;

–SYSTEMATICALLY ADDRESSING THE BROADER DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

–EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS, FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES
TO OPTIMIZE THEIR HEALTH

Question 5

6 PILLARS OF PHC

Answer 5

1.SOCIAL JUSTICE
••Equal Distribution of the available resources

2.PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
Prevention of diseases in the sense of Primary prevention

3.PARTICIPATION OF THE INHABITANTS
Participation of the intended groups in planning and carrying out issues related to people’s health

4.INTER-SECTOR COOPERATION
Health Support outside the medical services

5.TECHNOLOGY THAT MARCHES WITH THE CONTEXT
Favourable or affordable price and local technology

6.SUSTAINABILITY OF THE MEASURES
Guaranteeing curative services including services of medicines

Question 6

WHAT IS COMMUNITY ?

Answer 6

••IT IS A SOCIAL ENTITY MADE OF PEOPLE OR FAMILIES WHO SHARE THE SAME RESOURCES

Question 7

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

Answer 7

A peocess by which a community mobilises its resources,

Initiates and takes Responsibility for its own development activities

Question 8

Aims of CP

Answer 8

Community develops self reliance

Develops critical awareness

Develops problem solving skills

Question 9

PARTICIPATION types

Answer 9

1.PASSIVE PARTICIPATION
Individuals or families are mere spectators

2.ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
Decisions are made by people who are not members of the community
Community just carries out some tasks in a programme

3.INVOLVEMENT
Community Control

Question 10

Factors influencing CP

Answer 10

• •RELEVENCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF COMMUNITIES
• •EDUCATION STATUS
• •COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
• •SENSE OF OWNERSHIP
• •LOCALLY AVAILABLE RESOURCES
• •POLITICAL SUSTAINABILITY
• •ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS
• •SUPPRESSION OF INVOLVEMENT

Question 11

Benefits of CP

Answer 11

Drawing on local knowledge

Making programs locally relevant and acceptable

Developing self reliance
Self confidence
Empowerment
Problem solving skills

Better relationship between health workers and community

Question 12

Types of Community Groups

Answer 12

SELF HELP GROUPS

PRESSURE GROUPS

Question 13

Strong Communities

Answer 13

Those that invest labour, time, money and materials, resources in health promoting activities

Question 14

Principles of Primary Health care Approach

Answer 14

• •Universal Accessibility (Equity)
• •Comprehensive care with Emphasis on disease prevention & health promotion
• •Community and individual involvement and Self reliance
• •Intersectoral action for health
• •Appropriate technology and cost effectiveness in relation to available resources

Question 15

PHC

Answer 15

••Includes Community participation, action, support and involvement of all health related sectors

••Include primary level of medical care
–GPs, nurse practitioners, clinics & mobile services

• •Open opportunities for disease prevention, health promotion and early detection of disease at all levels
• •Principles applicable to all illnesses including chronic lifestyle illnesses and infections diseases
• •Requires Community empowerment and intersectoral action
• •8 essential elements of PHC
• •Teams of Health professionals and assistants required with specific and sophisticated biomedical and social skills
• •Use appropriate technology
• •Not cheap but does appropriate advocate for equity