Phases Of Spelling Development Flashcards
There are different expectations about spelling knowledge at various stages of schooling and so it is very important that teachers assess students to check their level of spelling proficiency so that?
Appropriate learning strategies can be implemented
Spelling development varies from student to student, but what remains essential?
Systematic learning instruction
What are the 5 phases of spelling development?
1) pre-communicative/pre-phonic
2) semi-phonetic
3) phonetic
4) transitional
5) conventional
What year group is the pre-communicative/pre-phonic phase?
Pre-K to middle year 1
What year group is the semi-phonic phase?
P to middle year 2
What year group is the phonetic phase?
Year 1 to middle year 4
What year group is the transitional phase?
Year 3-8
What year is the conventional phase of spelling development?
Years 5-12 and beyond
What occurs in the precommunicative phase of spelling development?
4
1) letters and symbols are strung together randomly (not readable)
2) scribbles random strings of symbols (letters, numbers, invented shapes)
3) upper and lower case letters used indiscriminately
4) may not conform left to write progression, or indicate any knowledge of letter sound relationship
What to teach in the precommunicative phase
4
1) an awareness that writing is purposeful
2) an understanding of concepts about print
3) develop phonological awareness
4) begin to develop phonemic awareness
In the precommunicative phase, how do you develop phonological awareness?
Rhymes, chants, games
In the pre communicative phase how do you develop phonemic awareness?
2
- oral blending and segmenting
- phoneme/graphemes relationships
What happens in the semi phonetic phase of spelling development
4
1) alphabet letters are recognisable and spelling is attempted by sounding out words
2) recognition of left to right words
3) meaning is recognisable but with only 2-3 letter words
4) vowels introduced, sometimes incorrectly (bet instead of bat)
How do you teach the semi-phonetic phase?
3
- help children develop a stable concept of a word
- Develop children’s phonemic awareness
- develop children’s understanding of the alphabetic principle (synthetics phonic approach)
In the semi phonetic phase, how do you teach children to develop word concepts?
3
1) provide a print rich environment
2) modelled and shared writing
3) modelled and shared reading
In the semi phonetic phase, how do you develop children’s phonemic awareness?
Help develop ability to segment spoken words into individual sounds
What happens in the phonetic phase of spelling development?
5
1) one syllable patterns and syllable combinations
2) almost perfect match between sound and symbol even though spelling is not standard
3) development of word knowledge quickly
4) experimenting with writing and should be encouraged to write freely without penalty for errors
5) weak spellers May fossilise at the phonetic stage
What do you teach in the phonetic stage of development?
3
1) help children build a bank of common sight words
2) help children look for visual patterns and common letter sequences
3) teach children to identify critical features in difficult to spell words
In the phonetic phase of spelling development how do you help look for visual patterns and common letter sequences?
3
1) word sorts
2) word families
3 phonograms
In the phonics phase of spelling development, how do you teach Children to identify critical features in difficult to spell words?
Teach strategies to combat personal demons? (What is it about this word that is difficult?)
What happens in the transitional phase of spelling development?
5
1) the spelling of meaningful parts of words (morphemes)
2) moving away from purely phonetic stage and rely more on visual and morphemic modes
3) as progress through this stage, an increasing number of words spelt accurately
4) now include vowels in every syllable and begin to spell do graphs such as “wait” and “seed”
5) children have yet to consolidate this strategy and tend to use incorrect spelling such as “receeve”
What do you teach in the transitional phase of spelling development?
4
1) continue to emphasise more complex visual patterns (word families, phonograms, common syllable patterns)
2) continue to teach strategies for dealing with personal demons (speaking rules and mneumonics and word study notebook)
3) teach strategies for proof reading and self monitoring (look, cover, say, so on)
4) begin to explore morphemic relationships between words (suffixes, prefixes, compound, roots, derivations)
What happens in the conventional phase of spelling development?
2
1) correct spelling, develop knowledge of why spelling is incorrect or correct
2) prefixes, suffixes, contractions, compound words, derivatives and silent letter sequences
What do you teach in the conventional phase of spelling development?
Posters on wall so they can add to it when finding word patterns
What is the teacher focus for precommunication?
1) Teach phonological awareness,
2) introduce letter knowledge
3) introduce the idea of sound/symbol representation
What is the teacher focus for semi-phonic phase?
Systematic, explicit phonics instruction (eg letters and sounds)
What is the teaching focus of the phonetic phase?
1) Teach common and less frequent letter patterns,
2) develop “rules” (generalisations)
3) develop visual strategies; self editing
What is the teaching focus in the transitional phase?
Teach common affixed and syllable patterns
What is the teaching focus in the conventional phase
Teach Greek and latin roots
Teach word associations
Investigate words which come from other languages
What does “develop students word consciousness” involve?
3)
- General interest in words and a passion for collecting and using interesting words (affective domain)
- Investigate approach to work study
- Develop vocabulary knowledge as well as spelling knowledge
What 3 spelling development phases do word study?
Phonetic, transitional and conventional
