Phases Of Gait

Question 1

Gait separated into 2 phases

Answer 1

Stance (foot in contact w/ground) and Swing (foot not in contact w/ground)

Question 2

% Stance vs Swing

Answer 2

60% stance and 40% swing

Question 3

Stance phase separated into 2 support phases

Answer 3

Double and single limb support

Question 4

DLS time vs SLS time - normal and change in walking speed

Answer 4

Normal DLS time = 10% at the beginning and end of stance phase (20% total)

DLS time decreases w/increased walking speed and disappears with running

Question 5

Gait cycle definition

Answer 5

Time from a gait event on one leg to the same gait event on the same leg (eg. RT IC to RT IC)

Question 6

Stride v Step lengths

Answer 6

Stride = distance from IC on one leg to IC on same leg
Step = distance from IC on one leg to IC on other leg

Question 7

Cadence definition

Answer 7

steps per unit time

Question 8

Line of progression definition

Answer 8

Line parallel to direction of motion

Question 9

Where is CoG relative to base of support in static equillibrium

Answer 9

CoG is within BOS
CoP of feet is used to manipulate location of CoG

Question 10

Base of support definition, normal BOS

Answer 10

Area bound by feet (or other gait aids in contact with ground)
Normal BOS walking = 2-4” between center of heels
Normal BOS standing = shoulder width

Question 11

Foot progression angle definition, normal

Answer 11

Long axis of foot relative to LOP
Normal = 5-7˚ (F less than M)

Question 12

4 general goals of gait/locomotion

Answer 12

Propulsion
Stance stability
Shock absorption
Energy conservation

Question 13

6 determinants of gait (Inman)

Answer 13

Pelvic rotation & tilt (obliquity)
Knee flexion in stance
Foot mechanisms (rockers)
Knee and ankle interaction
Lateral displacement of pelvis

Question 14

5 prerequisites of gait (Perry)

Answer 14

Stability in stance
Clearance in swing
Preposition foot in TS
Adequate step length
Energy conservation

Question 15

7 principles of gait (Gard & Fatone)

Answer 15

Gait initiation and termination
Balance and upright posture
Stability of stance limb
Execution of stepping motino
Forward progression / propulsion
Shock absorption
Energy conservation

Question 16

3 rockers of gait
*4th

Answer 16

1st = heel rocker
2nd = ankle rocker
3rd = forefoot rocker
4th = toe rocker

Question 17

1st rocker definition, action

Answer 17

PF during LR controlled by eccentric ankle DF

Question 18

2nd rocker definition, action

Answer 18

DF from MS to TS
Forward progression of shank relative to foot controlled by eccentric PF

Question 19

3rd rocker definition, action

Answer 19

PF in PreSw via concentric PF
MTPJ extension

Question 20

4th rocker definition, action

Answer 20

PF in PreSw via passive recoil of PF muscles

Question 21

Phases of gait (Perry) for stance phase

Answer 21

Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Preswing

Question 22

Phases of gait (Perry) for swing phase

Answer 22

Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal swing

Question 23

Weight acceptance is made up of which phases

Answer 23

IC and LR

Question 24

Stance limb progression is made up of which phases

Answer 24

MS and TS

Question 25

Swing advancement is made up of which phases

Answer 25

PreSw, initial/mid/terminal swing

Question 26

Goals/function - IC

Answer 26

Position foot for ground contact Transfer weight to stance limb Stable load bearing Shock absorption

Question 27

Goals/function - LR

Answer 27

Shock absorption Completely transfer weight Begin SLS Limb stabilization Maintain smooth progression

Question 28

What is the primary means for shock absorption in LR

Answer 28

Knee flexion

Question 29

Goals/function - MS

Answer 29

Maintain forward momentum/progression Stable weight bearing

Question 30

Goals/function - TS

Answer 30

Allow mass to progress over foot Provide forward acceleration for adequate step length Prepare for opposite foot to contact ground Stable weight bearing

Question 31

Goals/function - PreSw

Answer 31

Prepare limb for swing phase Aid in transferring load to opposite limb Continued floor contact to assist w/balance as body weight is transferred to opposite limb

Question 32

Goals/function - Initial swing

Answer 32

Prepare for swing phase clearance and limb advancement Actions facilitate progression and allow for variable cadence

Question 33

Motions occurring in initial swing

Answer 33

Continued PF (inertia) followed by rapid DF Continued knee flexion Hip flexion for clearance Pelvic obliquity for shock absorption

Question 34

Goals/function - Mid swing

Answer 34

Limb advancement Floor clearance

Question 35

Motions occurring in mid swing

Answer 35

Continued DF for clearance Maintain knee flexion for clearance (~40˚ required) Continue hip flexion for clearance

Question 36

Goals/function - Terminal swing

Answer 36

Complete step length Preposition in preparation for initial contact

Question 37

Motions occurring in terminal swing

Answer 37

Knee and ankle neutral Hip flexed

Question 38

When is CoM at highest and lowest points

Answer 38

CoM highest in MS CoM lowest at IC/LR