Phases Of Apoptosis

Question 1

Phases of apoptosis

Answer 1

Phases of Apoptosis Divided into (A) initiation phase and (B) execution phase. A. Initiation phase Apoptosis: Organelle that plays a pivotal role is mitochondria. Apoptosis is initiated by signals derived from two distinct pathways activated by distinct stimuli, namely (1) intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway and (2) extrinsic or death receptor pathway

Question 2

What are the two distinct pathways that initiate apoptosis?

Answer 2

The two distinct pathways that initiate apoptosis are the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway and the extrinsic or death receptor pathway

Question 3

What organelle plays a pivotal role in the initiation of apoptosis?

Answer 3

The organelle that plays a pivotal role in the initiation of apoptosis is the mitochondria.

Question 4

What kind of signals activate the intrinsic pathway?

Answer 4

The intrinsic pathway is activated by internal signals such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, and growth factor deprivation.

Question 5

What kind of signals activate the extrinsic pathway?

Answer 5

The extrinsic pathway is activated by external signals such as cytokines or toxins that bind to death receptors on the cell surface.

Question 6

What is the execution phase of apoptosis?

What is the role of caspases in the execution phase?

What is the end result of the execution phase?

How are apoptotic bodies removed from the body?

Answer 6

The execution phase of apoptosis is the second phase and involves the actual destruction of the cell.
Caspases play a key role in the execution phase by cleaving specific proteins, leading to the breakdown of the cell’s structure and function.
The end result of the execution phase is the formation of apoptotic bodies, which are then removed by phagocytic cells without causing inflammation or damage to surrounding tissues.
Apoptotic bodies are removed by phagocytic cells through a process called efferocytosis.