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Biology of Cancer > Phase test 2 > Flashcards

Phase test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Duodenal and gastric ulcers, previously thought to be ________ related.

A

stress and lifestyle

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2
Q

Duodenal and gastric ulcers are now known to be caused by ________

A

H. pylori

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3
Q

In a small number of cases Duodenal and gastric ulcers can lead to _________

A

carcinomas or lymphomas

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4
Q

Non-ionising radiation

A

UV light

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5
Q

Low frequency

A

non-ionising radiation

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6
Q

Helium nucleus

A

alpha particle

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7
Q

Short wavelength

A

X-ray

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8
Q

Electron

A

beta particle

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9
Q

High-risk HPV

A

cervical cancer

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10
Q

Low-risk HPV

A

genital warts

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11
Q

Bax inhibition

A

reduced apoptosis

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12
Q

Nitrosamine

A

areca

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13
Q

Burkitts lymphoma

A

EBV epstein-barr virus

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14
Q

CA-125

A

Ovarian Cancer

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15
Q

CA15-3

A

Breast cancer

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16
Q

PSA

A

Prostate cancer

17
Q

Eutopic hormone production describes

A

Excess hormone production by the correct endocrine tissue

18
Q

Ectopic syndrome describes

A

Hormone production at a different site by non-endocrine tissues (that doesn’t usually perform this function)

19
Q

Cacitonin

A

Is a marker used in the assessment of thyroid cancer

20
Q

hCG

A

Is useful in the assessment of testicular tumours

21
Q

Alpha-fetoprotein is a useful biochemical marker for cancer in which organ?

A

Liver

22
Q

Why are biochemical markers measured in serum

A

Biochemical markers may be useful in diagnosis but are most useful in monitoring the treatment

23
Q

Tissue specimens are commonly embedded in paraffin wax because

A

The paraffin wax acts as a rigid substance allowing thin sections to be cut and the wax preserves the sample integrity during processing

24
Q

Fixation is an important step performed immediately after sample collection, what solutions are used for fixation?

A

4-10% formaldehyde water

25
Q

The use of frozen sections allows results within

A

20 minutes

26
Q

Haematoxylin and ______ combined stain are commonly used

A

Eosin

27
Q

Haematoxylin dye binds to what structures, such as?

A

Acidic structures such as nucleic acids

28
Q

Haematoxylin dye stains structures what colour

A

Blue/purple

29
Q

Eosin dye binds to what structures, such as?

A

Basic structures such as cytoplasmic proteins

30
Q

Eosin dye stains structures

A

Pink/red

31
Q

What is amylase?

A

A biochemical marker used to detect pancreatic cancer

32
Q

What is excisional tumour sampling?

A

When the whole tumour is removed

33
Q

What is incisional tumour sampling?

A

When a portion of the tumour is surgically removed

Biology of Cancer (1 decks)

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