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Phase I and II Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Argentina’s main crops

A

meat and grain

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2
Q

Argentina’s two technological advancements

A

steam vessel — faster and far more accurate sailing

chilling meat process — products fresh for European markets

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3
Q

two things Argentina lacked

A

capital and labor

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4
Q

name for the individuals going back and forth between Argentine Pampas and Italy

A

golondrinas or “swallows”

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5
Q

Argentine dependence on ____

A

foodstuffs

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6
Q

Argentine banking system tied to

A

gold standard

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7
Q

Who commanded Conquest of the Desert?

A

General Roca

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8
Q

What did Argentina lack?

A

peasantry

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9
Q

___ of Argentina’s working class consisted of immigrants who retained citizenship in Italy and Spain

A

3/5

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10
Q

Argentina’s Socialist Party

A

molded on European model — a parliamentary party, clearly committed to an electoral and evolutionary strategy
failed to attract immigrant workers

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11
Q

Argentina’s urban working class susceptible to ______ ideologies

A

anarchist

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12
Q

Federación Obrera Regional Argentina

A

FORA-sponsored strikes, worried gov’t, assumed it was the work of foreign agitators

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13
Q

Ley de Residencia

A

allowed gov’t to deport all foreigners whose behavior compromised national security or disturbed public order, by participating in strikes, for example

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14
Q

Ley de Defensa Social

A

making arrest and prosecution of labor organizers even easier

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15
Q

Argentina’s liberal politics were known as

A

”Generation of 1880”

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16
Q

acuerdo in Argentina

A

informal agreement between president and oligarchic power brokers
ignored central of legislature in this sense

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17
Q

Argentina’s spreading prosperity helped feed political discontent among three groups

A 
newly prosperous landowners 
old aristocratic families
members of the middle class doing well economically but excluded from political power
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18
Q

Radical Party, Argentina

A 
created out of the political groups, newly prosperous landowners 
old aristocratic families
members of the middle class doing well economically but excluded from political power
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19
Q

Union Civica Radical

A

two years later, Argentina

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20
Q

Radical (Argentina) leaders

A

Leandro Alem and Hipolito Yrigoyen

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21
Q

President Roque Saenz Pena

A

electoral reform in Argentina, universal male suffrage

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22
Q

Hipolito Yrigoyen

A

Argentina’s president, elected in 1916, pro-labor

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23
Q

Argentine Patriotic League

A

antilabor hysteria prompted by newly formed ultra-rightist civilian parliamentary movement, the Argentine Patriotic League, which effectively exploited the middle- and upper-class fear of change; members took to the streets to attack workers, hundred of demonstrators shot, league repressed

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24
Q

socialism in Argentina

A

socialism stressed political action

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25
communism in Argentina
communism stressed labor union movement
26
Dom Pedro II
Brazil, tried to rule conservative military, overthrown in 1889
27
issues in Brazil
slavery and monarchy
28
Machado de Assis
Brazilian novelist, social mobility was possible for mixed-blood populations
29
Andre Reboucas
Brazilian engineer/abolitionist, social mobility was possible for mixed-blood populations
30
abolition laws in Brazil
1. 1871 - freedom for all children thenceforth born of slave mothers, but the masters were given the option of retaining labor rights over these children until the age of 21 2. 1885 - freedom to all slaves sixty or older 3. “Golden Law” - May 1888 - freed all remaining slaves
31
“Golden Law”
May 1888 - freed all remaining slaves in Brazil
32
Joaquinn Nabuco
leading abolitionist in Brazil
33
major other drama of the late empire of Brazil
rise of republicanism
34
Brazilian Republican Party
founded in 1871 had a strong regionalist cast, especially in Sao Paulo; the birth of this party could be traced Liberal deputies’ reaction to Dom Pedro II’s imposing, in 1868 a Conservative minority in the fact of a Liberal majority in the Chamber
35
What region was republicanism strongest in?
Sao Paulo; the birth of this party could be traced Liberal deputies’ reaction to Dom Pedro II’s imposing, in 1868 a Conservative minority in the fact of a Liberal majority in the Chamber
36
Liberals wanted to trade Brazil’s english-style constitutional monarchy for a
U.S.-style federal republic
37
Abolition and liberalism were supported by what group of Brazilian intellectuals?
Brazilian Positivists, who believed in rationality, science, and logic
38
Marshall Deodoro da Fonseca
military plot to overthrow Dom Pedro II —> Dom left in exile to Portugal
39
Brazilian main exports
sugar after independence and through 18 c rubber in early 19 c coffee (most durable but 6 years— overproduction, competition, incosistency)
40
Brazilian immigrants
mostly Italian, followed by Portuguese
41
center of Brazilian industrial growth
Sao Paulo
42
urbanization in Brazil
not until 1930s/40s, later and slower, no one major city
43
branqueamento
“bleaching” — racist intention of purging Brazil of black blood
44
Floriano Peixoto
vp for Fonseca, came to power when F resigned over poor health, called the Iron Marshall
45
Who was referred to as the iron marshall in Brazil?
Floriano Peixoto
46
Prudente de Morais of Sao Paulo
first Brazilian civilian president
47
1910 Brazil elections official choice
Governor Joao Pinheiro of Minas Gerais
48
second level Brazilian states
Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco
49
most important Brazilian states
Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais
50
Afonso Pena
president before 1910 election, died before his term was over - Brazil
51
Marshal Hermes da Fonseca
Brazil - first "official" candidate for 1910 election
52
Rui Barbosa
wrote constitution for liberal crusader, opposition movement for him after Fonseca won 1910 election
53
leaders of new elite born in republic
leaders of this group included Oliveira Vianna, sociologist and lawyer; Alceu Amoroso Lima, literary critic and essayist; and Gilberto Amado, essayist and politician
54
mentor for leaders of new elite born in republic
Alberto Torres, a Republican of the older generation
55
"Prestes Column"
after Luis Carlos Prestes, a rebel lieutenant was later to lead Brazil's Communist Party for more than thirty years
56
Antonio Prado
leader of Democratic party that originated in Sao Paulo, support = urban professionals
57
Brazilian worker’s first organization came in
"mutual-aid societies”
58
anarcho-syndicalist unions in Brazil
unions staged a variety of strikes, including several attempted general strikes one result was the decline or anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist leadership and their replacement, in many cases, by communists, whose Brazilian party was founded in 1922
59
1880s Chile issue
church-state
60
Jose Balmaceda
the most controversial president elected → he was a Liberal, but when he took office the party lines had become extremely fragmented the new president was soon engulfed in a bitter struggle over food policy (over the price of beef)
61
Chilean Democratic Party
They then pursued classic liberal reforms: → 1. compulsory free public education → 2. democratic procedures in electing government support from the middle & lower classes in the cities
62
Alberto Edward
Chilean author of La Fronda Aristocratica
63
Cuba main crop
sugar
64
predominant class of Cuban workers
rural proletariat, laborers not farmers
65
Jose Marti
poet and lawyer, led Cuba's 10 Year War
66
Porifio Diaz
``` ruled Mexico for 35 years strong handed his regime with guardias rurales( kept the rural population in line) liberal and broke up church holdings ```
67
La Reforma
1855 – 1963 Criollo liberal elites exploded against the Conservatives
68
3 opposing groups in Argentina
Unitarians - from province and city of Buenos Aires goal: to nationalize the port city, centralized government, strip the province of Buenos Aires of it autonomy, reduce provincial trade barriers to trade and open the entire country to international trade Interior Federalists goal: agreed to nationalization of Buenos Aires, to get the cities custom receipts, wanted to distribute the money to the provinces while maintaining political autonomy, especially inter-provincial tariffs for protection purposes Buenos Aires Federalists goal: opposed nationalization of port, wanted free trade, support of status quo
69
Bartolome Mitre
led civil war, tried to unify A afterwards and became president

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