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History > Phase I and II Quiz > Flashcards

Phase I and II Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Argentina’s main crops

A

meat and grain

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2
Q

Argentina’s two technological advancements

A

steam vessel — faster and far more accurate sailing

chilling meat process — products fresh for European markets

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3
Q

two things Argentina lacked

A

capital and labor

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4
Q

name for the individuals going back and forth between Argentine Pampas and Italy

A

golondrinas or “swallows”

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5
Q

Argentine dependence on ____

A

foodstuffs

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6
Q

Argentine banking system tied to

A

gold standard

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7
Q

Who commanded Conquest of the Desert?

A

General Roca

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8
Q

What did Argentina lack?

A

peasantry

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9
Q

___ of Argentina’s working class consisted of immigrants who retained citizenship in Italy and Spain

A

3/5

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10
Q

Argentina’s Socialist Party

A

molded on European model — a parliamentary party, clearly committed to an electoral and evolutionary strategy
failed to attract immigrant workers

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11
Q

Argentina’s urban working class susceptible to ______ ideologies

A

anarchist

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12
Q

Federación Obrera Regional Argentina

A

FORA-sponsored strikes, worried gov’t, assumed it was the work of foreign agitators

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13
Q

Ley de Residencia

A

allowed gov’t to deport all foreigners whose behavior compromised national security or disturbed public order, by participating in strikes, for example

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14
Q

Ley de Defensa Social

A

making arrest and prosecution of labor organizers even easier

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15
Q

Argentina’s liberal politics were known as

A

”Generation of 1880”

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16
Q

acuerdo in Argentina

A

informal agreement between president and oligarchic power brokers
ignored central of legislature in this sense

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17
Q

Argentina’s spreading prosperity helped feed political discontent among three groups

A 
newly prosperous landowners 
old aristocratic families
members of the middle class doing well economically but excluded from political power
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18
Q

Radical Party, Argentina

A 
created out of the political groups, newly prosperous landowners 
old aristocratic families
members of the middle class doing well economically but excluded from political power
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19
Q

Union Civica Radical

A

two years later, Argentina

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20
Q

Radical (Argentina) leaders

A

Leandro Alem and Hipolito Yrigoyen

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21
Q

President Roque Saenz Pena

A

electoral reform in Argentina, universal male suffrage

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22
Q

Hipolito Yrigoyen

A

Argentina’s president, elected in 1916, pro-labor

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23
Q

Argentine Patriotic League

A

antilabor hysteria prompted by newly formed ultra-rightist civilian parliamentary movement, the Argentine Patriotic League, which effectively exploited the middle- and upper-class fear of change; members took to the streets to attack workers, hundred of demonstrators shot, league repressed

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24
Q

socialism in Argentina

A

socialism stressed political action

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25
Q

communism in Argentina

A

communism stressed labor union movement

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26
Q

Dom Pedro II

A

Brazil, tried to rule conservative military, overthrown in 1889

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27
Q

issues in Brazil

A

slavery and monarchy

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28
Q

Machado de Assis

A

Brazilian novelist, social mobility was possible for mixed-blood populations

29
Q

Andre Reboucas

A

Brazilian engineer/abolitionist, social mobility was possible for mixed-blood populations

30
Q

abolition laws in Brazil

A
  1. 1871 - freedom for all children thenceforth born of slave mothers, but the masters were given the option of retaining labor rights over these children until the age of 21
  2. 1885 - freedom to all slaves sixty or older
  3. “Golden Law” - May 1888 - freed all remaining slaves
31
Q

“Golden Law”

A

May 1888 - freed all remaining slaves in Brazil

32
Q

Joaquinn Nabuco

A

leading abolitionist in Brazil

33
Q

major other drama of the late empire of Brazil

A

rise of republicanism

34
Q

Brazilian Republican Party

A

founded in 1871 had a strong regionalist cast, especially in Sao Paulo; the birth of this party could be traced Liberal deputies’ reaction to Dom Pedro II’s imposing, in 1868 a Conservative minority in the fact of a Liberal majority in the Chamber

35
Q

What region was republicanism strongest in?

A

Sao Paulo; the birth of this party could be traced Liberal deputies’ reaction to Dom Pedro II’s imposing, in 1868 a Conservative minority in the fact of a Liberal majority in the Chamber

36
Q

Liberals wanted to trade Brazil’s english-style constitutional monarchy for a

A

U.S.-style federal republic

37
Q

Abolition and liberalism were supported by what group of Brazilian intellectuals?

A

Brazilian Positivists, who believed in rationality, science, and logic

38
Q

Marshall Deodoro da Fonseca

A

military plot to overthrow Dom Pedro II —> Dom left in exile to Portugal

39
Q

Brazilian main exports

A

sugar after independence and through 18 c
rubber in early 19 c
coffee (most durable but 6 years— overproduction, competition, incosistency)

40
Q

Brazilian immigrants

A

mostly Italian, followed by Portuguese

41
Q

center of Brazilian industrial growth

A

Sao Paulo

42
Q

urbanization in Brazil

A

not until 1930s/40s, later and slower, no one major city

43
Q

branqueamento

A

“bleaching” — racist intention of purging Brazil of black blood

44
Q

Floriano Peixoto

A

vp for Fonseca, came to power when F resigned over poor health, called the Iron Marshall

45
Q

Who was referred to as the iron marshall in Brazil?

A

Floriano Peixoto

46
Q

Prudente de Morais of Sao Paulo

A

first Brazilian civilian president

47
Q

1910 Brazil elections official choice

A

Governor Joao Pinheiro of Minas Gerais

48
Q

second level Brazilian states

A

Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco

49
Q

most important Brazilian states

A

Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais

50
Q

Afonso Pena

A

president before 1910 election, died before his term was over - Brazil

51
Q

Marshal Hermes da Fonseca

A

Brazil - first “official” candidate for 1910 election

52
Q

Rui Barbosa

A

wrote constitution for liberal crusader, opposition movement for him after Fonseca won 1910 election

53
Q

leaders of new elite born in republic

A

leaders of this group included Oliveira Vianna, sociologist and lawyer; Alceu Amoroso Lima, literary critic and essayist; and Gilberto Amado, essayist and politician

54
Q

mentor for leaders of new elite born in republic

A

Alberto Torres, a Republican of the older generation

55
Q

“Prestes Column”

A

after Luis Carlos Prestes, a rebel lieutenant was later to lead Brazil’s Communist Party for more than thirty years

56
Q

Antonio Prado

A

leader of Democratic party that originated in Sao Paulo, support = urban professionals

57
Q

Brazilian worker’s first organization came in

A

“mutual-aid societies”

58
Q

anarcho-syndicalist unions in Brazil

A

unions staged a variety of strikes, including several attempted general strikes
one result was the decline or anarchist and anarcho-syndicalist leadership and their replacement, in many cases, by communists, whose Brazilian party was founded in 1922

59
Q

1880s Chile issue

A

church-state

60
Q

Jose Balmaceda

A

the most controversial president elected
→ he was a Liberal, but when he took office the party lines had become extremely fragmented
the new president was soon engulfed in a bitter struggle over food policy (over the price of beef)

61
Q

Chilean Democratic Party

A

They then pursued classic liberal reforms:
→ 1. compulsory free public education
→ 2. democratic procedures in electing government
support from the middle & lower classes in the cities

62
Q

Alberto Edward

A

Chilean author of La Fronda Aristocratica

63
Q

Cuba main crop

A

sugar

64
Q

predominant class of Cuban workers

A

rural proletariat, laborers not farmers

65
Q

Jose Marti

A

poet and lawyer, led Cuba’s 10 Year War

66
Q

Porifio Diaz

A 
ruled Mexico for 35 years strong
handed his regime with guardias
rurales( kept the rural population in
line)
liberal and broke up church holdings
67
Q

La Reforma

A

1855 – 1963
Criollo liberal elites exploded against
the Conservatives

68
Q

3 opposing groups in Argentina

A

Unitarians - from province and city of Buenos Aires
goal: to nationalize the port city, centralized government, strip the province of Buenos Aires of it autonomy, reduce provincial trade barriers to trade and open the entire country to international trade
Interior Federalists
goal: agreed to nationalization of Buenos Aires, to get the cities custom receipts, wanted to distribute the money to the provinces while maintaining political autonomy, especially inter-provincial tariffs for protection purposes
Buenos Aires Federalists
goal: opposed nationalization of port, wanted free trade, support of status quo

69
Q

Bartolome Mitre

A

led civil war, tried to unify A afterwards and became president

History (1 decks)

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