Phase I and II Flashcards
What is a guinea hen?
a domestic fowl
To make your geese start laying , what do you need?
lights
What does a pinning knife do?
Scrapes off the pin feathers
What is a New York style market duck?
dressed, chilled but not eviscerated
How much feed will Leghorn type pullets eat from hatch to 20 weeks?
16-18 lbs
How do you keep hatching eggs clean?
clean nesting boxes, clean litter, pick eggs frequently
What is a mule duck?
A cross between a Muscovy duck and a mallard type drake
What is another name for erysipelas?
red skin
Name 4 ways to incubate eggs.
Broody hen, still air incubator, forced draft incubator, and custom hatching
What are 2 other names for the Brahma?
Chittagongs, Brahma Pootras, and Gray Shanghais
How high should feeders be hung?
Level with the birds backs
How do you judge broken out egg characteristics?
by presence of blood spots and the height of the albumen relative to the size of the egg
How don’t you handle a bird with erysipelas?
don’t use your bare hands
What is the skin color of Langshans?
white
What bird in Great Britain is famed as a white skinned meat duck?
Aylesbury
How long should your production hen be in production before her first molt?
12-18 months
Why is the bloom important?
preserves egg freshness
Bones provide support and what other two functions?
calcium transport and respiratory function
Why is a thermometer important when processing carcasses?
To maintain proper water temperature for scalding
How long do you scald a chicken carcass?
30-75 seconds
What sex of Old English Game needs to be dubbed?
Male
How do you measure the humidity in your incubator?
With a wet bulb thermometer
Why do you need good air circulation in your poultry barns?
To prevent ammonia buildup and reduce humidity
Building bones requires what nutritional components?
Minerals
What is meant by the initials A.O.C.?
All other colors or any other color
What is meant by dual purpose?
Breeds used for both meat and egg production
Commercial producers of ducks can produce marketable ducks at what age and live weight?
7 weeks of age - 4 pounds
In broilers, how much feed does it take to produce 1 pound of weight gain?
3 pounds of feed produce 1 pound of gain
Leghorn type layers need how much floor space?
2 -2 1/2 square feet
Why do you throw scratch in the litter?
It encourages birds to scratch in the litter and maintain it in good condition
How much feed will it take to produce an eight week old broiler?
8-9 pounds
How much roost space should a Leghorn layer have?
6-8 inches
Heavy breeds will eat how much feed from hatch 20 week?
20-22 pounds
What are three causes of molts in hens?
Cold weather, lack of food or water, decreasing light., Disease
How do you remove the gallbladder from the entrails when processing carcasses?
Cut it off or pinch it off
Albumin, shell, shell membrane and yolk are all part of what?
Egg
What is the enlarged part of the gullet located between the haves of the wishbone which serves as a temporary storage area for food?
Crop
Where is the been located?
At the tip of a ducks’ bill
In which four duck breeds is flight a potential management problem?
Call, East Indie, Mallard, Muscovy
Which reference contains the approved descriptions of each poultry breed?
The American Standard of Perfection
Name one of the three a light breeds of ducks.
Campbell, Magpie, Runner
One nest is adequate for how many laying hens?
Four
Which feather separates the primary from secondary feathers?
Axial or keyfeather
What is a production hen?
And egg layer from 5-20 months old
The soft feathers on the inner side of the lower thigh in chickens is called what?
Fluff
What do you call the social ranking among chickens?
Pecking order
In male chickens, named two places that sex feathers are found.
Hackel, sickles, saddle, wing bow
Where is the uropygial gland located?
The base of the birds tail
Which breed is the female side of the commercial broiler industry?
White Plymouth Rock
The class which contains a variety of non related breeds is what class?
The All Other Standard Breeds Class
With three classes of geese.
Heavy, Medium, Light
What term refers to fowl which are feathered on shanks and toes and have vulture hocks?
Booted
What is the definition of game bird?
The bird for which there is an established hunting season
Where is an egg’s shell pigment deposited?
In the shell gland
What is the single tapered extension at the rear of a rose comb?
spike or leader
What is the difference between a defect and a disqualification?
A defect is a departure from perfection as defined by the breed standard, a disqualification is a deformity that excludes a bird from receiving an award
List three items that make up an adult pigeon’s diet.
Whole Grains, Water, Grit, Oyster Shell
What is canker?
A bacterial disease in squabs that results in pustule development in the throat and then suffocation of the squab
Name two breeds that belong in the Medium Class of ducks?
Swedish, Crested, Cayuga, Buff
What do you call a wing with a decided gap between the primaries and secondaries?
Split Wing
Name four breeds of pigeons.
Rollers, Homers, Kings, Fantails, Frills, Owls
What does keet refer to?
a young guinea
What do you call the tips of feathers protruding through a bird’s skin?
pin feathers
Which type of poultry is best suited for outdoors management?
Waterfowl
How long should you separate a breeding pair from the rest of your flock before collecting eggs for incubation?
At least 14 days
Where might you find a physical characteristics called a ‘thumb mark’?
On the side of a single comb
What is the most defective management technique for Marek’s disease?
Vaccination
Which carcass grade does not allow any cuts, tears or missing parts?
Grade A
Dominique’s are breed of what type of bird?
Chicken
What type of pathogen and causes coccidiosis?
protozoa
How should you store eggs you plan on incubating?
Large and up, at the 50-70 degrees, at 75% humidity
How much feed will a Leghorn layer eat in one year?
90 pounds
Describe spangled.
A feather pattern with a defined spot of color at that tip, differing that from the rest of the ground color
What do we call a group of animals or birds that have a given set of characteristics that are constantly be reproducible if members are bred to each other?
A breed
What part of her body does the hen use as a source of calcium?
Her medullary bones
Where does a mechanical grinding of food˜take place?
Gizzard
What is the biggest problem in raising game birds?
Disease management
What three breeds make up the Asiatic class?
Cochin, Brahma, Langshan
Lists three internal parasites of poultry.
Tapeworm, roundworm, cecal worm, capillary worm, gape worm
If you are brooding chicks and they are panting at the outer edge of their pen, what should you do?
Decrease the temperature(raise the heat lamp)
Which are more nutritious: brown eggs or white eggs?
Both have the same nutritional qualities
List three varieties of Plymouth Rock.
Barred, White, Partridge, Colombian, Silver Penciled, Blue, Buff,
The miniatures of the poultry world are known as what to?
Bantams
Chickens should be well feathered and no longer need additional heat by what age?
six weeks
Turkey varieties were developed from which breed?
The Wild Turkey
Why should you never catch waterfowl by their legs?
Because their legs are weak and easily disjointed or broken
Name three components of the avian respiratory system .
Lungs, air sacs, and pneumatic bones
What is the most reliable method to sex geese?
vent sexing
Where should you measure the temperature inside an incubator?
At the height of about the center of the egg
What two waterfowl breeds are characterized by a beetle green sheen?
Cayuga and East Indie ducks
How is exotic Newcastle disease usually acquired?
From illegally imported cage birds that have not gone through quarantine
What are five groupings of nutrients necessary for optimal growth?
Protein, energy sources(fat and carbohydrates) minerals, vitamins, and water
If your bird has infected callus on the bottom of its foot, what is this condition called?
Bumble foot
Name the two varieties of the Toulose.
Buff and gray
How long does it take a bird to replace a feather after it molts?
21 days
In calculating production costs of a small flock for meat, how many years should the house be depreciated over?
20 years
Names three of the four grades used to judge the internal quality of the eggs.
AA, A, B, Inedible
A feather that twists along its shaft and curls forward is called what?
Frizzle
Where should you dust your chicken for mites?
Vent, back, head and neck, abdomen
What organs make up the giblets?
Heart, liver, and gizzard
At what age are most ducks and geese ready to be butchered?
5-6 months
What does nest run refer to?
ungraded shell eggs sold to egg grading or packing plants.
What is a pullet?
A female chicken under one year of age
During summer months, how many times a day to should you collect eggs?
Three
How many eggs will a Leghorn layer lay per year?
250-300
Where is the best place to locate your incubator?
In any area with steady temperature and out of direct sunlight
Where will you find the blade on the chicken?
The portion of the single comb below the points
Name two of the heavy goose breeds.
Toulose, Embden, African
What is the collective term for a bird’s feathers?
Plumage
What is a Tom?
A mature male Turkey
What is a stub feather?
A short feather usually found on the shanks, between toes of clean legged birds
How long are pigeon eggs incubated for?
17 days
How many tubs of water will you need to wash your project bird?
Three
For your adult poultry, why should they be debeaked?
To prevent feather picking and cannibalism
What are you doing when you cull birds?
Removing unwanted poor quality birds
Which three breeds make up the commercial broiler industry?
Cornish, Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire
The commercial Turkey industry concentrates on what two colors?
White and Bronze
What three functions does the feather provide for the bird?
flight, temperature regulation, and protection
Where is the air cell located?
In the large end of the egg
As birds mature, how should you adjust the brooder temperature?
Decrease it by 5? each week and tell about 70?
List three places fading occurs on a laying hen.
Shanks, vent, eye ring, beak, feet,
Describe three ways to prevent flight in your poultry.
Clip primary feathers of one wing, pinion, confine in pens
List three bantam show classes.
Single comb clean legged, rose comb clean legged, all feather legged, game bantams, other combs clean legged
Bourbon Red, Black, Slate, and Narragansett are all what kind of birds?
Turkeys
In general, hens with red earlobes lay what colored eggs?
Brown
What is the soil borne bacterial disease affecting primarily waterfowl and results in incoordination and death?
Erysipelas
Which disease the most common cause of death in young chickens?
Coccidiosis
If you are showing an American Buff, what are you showing?
Goose
How many chicks can you prove with a 250 watt brooder light?
Up to 50
Which two external parasites may decrease egg production?
Mites and lice
Name two of the chicken breeds included in the Continental class.
Polish, Hamburgs, Houdans,Campines, Faverolles,Lakenvelders,Crevecouers, Barnevelders, Welsummers, and La Fleche
On barred a feathers, which way do the colors run?
Across for transverse
If you feed your poultry too much grain, what will happen?
They will become fat
Which way do you return a bird to its cage?
Head first
Do you need two wash your ducks before showing?
Not if they have access to clean water
When judging carcass quality, broken bones are described in what two ways?
Protrudeing and non protruding
What are green geese?
Young geese that are force fed
Where it is the brooder temperature measured?
At the height of the birds back
How do you test for Pullorum in your chickens?
You do a blood test and mix their blood with an anti body antigen reaction
What is the term for a comb that falls to one side?
Lopped
For optimum egg production, how many hours of light is necessary?
14 hours a day
Layer ration has what percentage of protein?
16%
Muscovy ducks and turkey’s have what in common?
Caruncles
Squabs are fed what by their parents?
Pigeon milk or regurgitated, partially processed food
What three ways can you identify your birds?
Leg bands, wing bands, toe punch
List the four classes of ducks.
Heavy, Medium, Light, Bantam
What four factors do you consider when judging internal egg quality?
Air cell, albumin, blood spots, yolk
Which disease kills more chickens of all ages than any other disease?
Marek’s disease
Which birds carriage resembles a walking bottle?
The Runner duck
To keep the combs, wattles and shanks of your project bird glossy, what should you do?
Apply a thin coat of mineral oil or petroleum jelly
Give one a term used to refer to a commercial strain of chickens processed at 7-9 weeks or 3-5 pounds of live weight.
Fryer or broiler
What two comb types do Leghorn chickens have?
Rose comb and single comb
