Phase 6 T2 Flashcards
describe the technique for manually lifting an object off the floor
assess the load legs apart bending knees if too heavy use a mechanical aid
describe three procedures + treatment for some one suffering from electric shock
isolate supply if safe to do so call for ambulance if safe to touch put in artificial respiration position give CPR
list three types of fire extinguishers colour codes and uses
types of fire = wood oil electrical metals
colour codes = red = water blue = powder
cream = foam black equals carbon dioxide
describe signs + symptoms of someone suffering electric shock
extreme pain loss of consciousness freezing loss of breath asphyxia
is water a suitable fire extinguisher used on electrical fire and why not
no as it is a conductor of electricity
in relation to health and safety signs list categories and give an example of each
mandatory= hi Vis safe pass hard hat
prohibition = no smoking no entry no access
safe condition = emergency exit first aid
list two safety precautions you must add adhere to in relation to storing gas cylinders
stored in upright position turned off with bottle key removed locked in cage if possible kept separate behind firewall
give one safety Factor must be considered when storing oxy acetylene cylinders
stored in upright position regulators + bottle key removed firewall
list to primary purpose for initiating fire emergency and evacuation procedures
ensure system is working establish evacuation time + procedure
the term hazard + risk are often used explain the difference between the two
hazard = establish danger risk= probable likly danger
list for safety precautions when working with electricity
never attempt to repair on a connected supply use correct fuse avoid long Leeds be trained and competent person to work with electricity
name two precautions taken to protect from Ark Ray from the welding process
Welling shield gloves and overalls
what precautions must be taken when welding in a confined space
proper ventilation
proper training
PPE
don’t work alone
name two types of welding flange
blind flange, lap joint, weld neck
explain the difference between arc Tig and oxy acetylene welding give brief description of each
arc = Flux covered electrode AC DC light + heavy duty Steel
oxy = mix, steel pipe bronze welding 3200 degrees
tag = inert gas used to shield the world from oxygen stainless steel aluminium argon welding
what type of fire extinguisher should be present when welding
metals, dry powder= blue. carbon dioxide = black
name two precautions that are required to prevent burns in oxy acetylene welding
gloves, welding glasses, fireproof overalls
what is the recommended amp setting when MMA welding place up to 6mm thick
depending on the machine 40 to 225
name three hazards associated with tig welding
electric shock arc eye burns fire noise gases explosion
what precaution must be taken when welding in confined spaces
tank is properly purged don’t work on your own extract or remove films
state two functions of the following oxy acetylene equipment flashback arrestor. Regulators. Hose protectors. Welding mixers
flashback = prevent flame going back to bottles regulators = the flow
hose protector = protect the hoses non return valve prevent pressure enter hose
mixers = mixes the oxy acetylene
what is a fillet joint
Tee piece welded corner joint
what can cause lack of porosity in a weld
poor gasflow. poor connection on equipment. presents of dirt contamination of metal
what is a distribution box
chamber between septic tank + percolation area to distribute
what is distribution pipe
system of perforated pipe which allows waste from tank to be percolated by soil
what is anaerobic digestion
bacterial process which works with no oxygen present
what is aerobic digestion
works with the presence of oxygen bacteria rapidly consumes organic matter turns to carbon dioxide
list to requirements when installing air admittance device
maintain atmospheric pressure
must be higher than appliance
list two advantages + disadvantages of using prv on multi Storey buildings
cost + maintenance storage of water
takes up little space produces pressure for lower floors
explain the term dead leg
run of cold water in the pipe before hot water is obtained
what is the optimum temperature for legionella to thrive
36° c
give brief description of flowing pumps centrifugal
rotary
- most common pump used in central heating system liquid enters centre of pump and is flung out by impellers
- meshing Gear wheels water is pocketed passes through pump body forced out
explain the term commissioning in relation to plumbing or heating systems
visual inspection test for leaks system flushing disinfection performance test final system check
what is the purpose of a weather compensation on a heating system
a weather compensator is a device reads outside temperature and temperature required and only provides enough power to overcome change in temperature
list Four Ways a trap can lose it still give reasons why
induced siphonage wavering out evaporation compression capillary action
state two systems of boosted cold water supply for multi-storey buildings
Direct + indirect
explain the term stratification
layers of heat e.g in a cylinder where the hottest water after top in the coldest water at the bottom
list disinfection procedure for mains cold water system
chlorine added pH testing sterilisation filtration disinfection softening
explain terms disinfection sterilization chlorination
disinfection and sterilization must take place to destroy harmful bacteria in water
chlorination is when chlorine is added automatically mechanically to water
list two applications of solar hot water system
hot water storage
underfloor heating
swimming pool
why should you not put a valve on a cold feet to an open heating system
because expansion takes place on in the cold feed plus expansion pipe
function of a thermostat
make or break a circuit detect temperature
list minimum depth of seal on washbasin urinal bowl
75mm and also 75mm
name the Tech guidance document relating with wastewater requirements
H
describe two methods of preventing back siphonage back to the mains
non return valve
float operated ball valve
list two advantages + disadvantages why break water system in a multi-storey building
- Reduced pressure for low level floors. storage of water
2. takes up space. cost maintenance. needs to be boosted
what pump should be insulated in hot water secondary return system + why
circulating pump made of Bronze Stainless with water hubed bearings with no seals to replace
what test are carried out to identify the contraction of legionella bacteria
blood test
chest test
x ray
identify process in water treatment
filtration sterilization disinfection chlorination softening
list two advantages of a sealed heating system over open system
pressurised systems no need for field tank + expansion tank
smaller pipework heat up faster more efficient
explain how increased water is accommodated in an unvented hot water system
expansion takes place in the expansion vessel
in relation to water treatment what is the pH scale explain the use of it
measurement of acidity or alkaline of the water potential hydrogen in the water higher hydrogen lower pH scale
stated purpose of a regulated action ball valve in storage cistern on boosted cold water system
stop shutting of the pump on or off
stop water hammer
what is recommended temperature to store Hot + cold water
cold not above 20°c
hot not below 50° C ideally 60° C
name document relating to heating + ventilation
F
tech guidance document related to conservation of fuel and energy
L
tech guidance document related to heat producing appliances
J
explain the function of a double reg valve on a heating system
balance the system control + regulate flow + return
list four reasons to install solar hot water system
reusable source
low-maintenance
no recurring costs
envirosafe
identify for safety devices you fit to unvented hot water system
safety valve expansion vessel gauge stat temp relief valve
three checks for commission hot plus cold water system
visual leaks performance flush + disinfection final checks
state two conditions in cold water supply that could contribute to growth of legionella
storage cistern and must not be oversized
stagnation to be avoided tight lid but not airtight
cisternand cleaned regularly
explain why it is better to maintain positive pressure in a heating system
prevent micro leaks
outline brief description of an s plan heating system
2 port motorised valves controlled by Stats. hwc + room boiler interlock
state two methods of avoid excess pressure
prv Breakwater cistern
in cold water system how is chlorine checked
litmus paper chemical test colour test
PH CHLORINE
identify five safety devices fitted on an unvented hot water system
expansion vessel gauge safety valve PRV stat hi limit stat
why would you fit an auto filter unit on a sealed heating system
accommodate for loss in pressure used in industrial
explain distribution box + distribution pipe
distribution box = separate Particles and distributes to pipe
distribution pipe = pipe which distributes effluent perforated
explain percolation area
where are the treated waste is discharged to soil
explain anaerobic digestion and aerobic digestion
anaerobic digestion = takes place in a septic tank is first stage and acts with no air present
aerobic digestion = this purify effluent from septic tank so can be discharge to River works with oxygen
what is categorised in two different sources identify damn give examples of each
wholesome = spring water and deep well
suspicious = stored rain water and surface water
dangerous = shallow well water
in relation to sewage explain b o d
biochemical oxygen demand this is the oxygen demand needed to breakdown treated effluent discharge to River
describe rain water cycle
rainforest radiant heat evaporated to form clouds when temperature falls below saturation point are vapour clouds release excess moisture fall to Earth
what is a cesspool
storage for waste collected by waste company pumped
name the tech documents relating to waste water
H
what is the purpose of a T piece in a septic tank
helps crust develop and Seal tank and so not to disturb the waste
name three types of below ground drainage systems
separate, combined, partly separate
in relation to rule water describe the working pressure of a submersible pump
electric metre designed for working under water 1 or more centrifugal pumps
explain the following drainage system for water sewer, surface water, soil water, wastewater
requirements for septic tank 2 compartment first compartment larger than second first = 2/3 second = 1/3
why is a vessel needed when using a submersible pump
you need vessel to stop pump turning on off every time water is drawn charged to a set pressure and will only turn on when pressure drops to predetermined pressure
what is the purpose of a filter on a Ahu
clean + take out any foreign objects from the air
what is ventilation
ventilation is the movement of air in closed areas for humans natural and mechanical
what purpose are binder test points installed in heating + air conditioning systems
check flow + temp rates
what is air conditioning
is the treatment + cleaning air for enclosed areas for human habitation moisture controlled
list four advantages of air conditioning
remove smells + oders from air
clean air to provided to closed areas
ensure correct air change
provide controlled temps
list three advantages of natural ventilation
free
cheap to install
no maintenance running costs
list three disadvantages of natural ventilation
can’t be filtered
need wind
needs 10° delta t
name three types of final used for ventilation
centrifugal
axail
propeller
inductive ventilation how is the spread of Fire contained prevented from spreading
fire dampers manually can be closed
name two types of filter used on air conditioning
electromatic
dry filter
viscious
in what circumstances would you balance ventilation system to achieve negative pressure with in the room
for a bathroom or WC must have negative pressure in these rooms
state the purpose of a humidifier in an air conditioning system state what level of moisture people feel comfortable with
controlled 30-70
opperate at 40-50
list two types of filter. Co be used in air conditioning
dry
electromatic
explain RH what level comfortable for human
40 to 60 percent
what type of material is used in the manufacturing of sectional boilers
cast iron
sectional cast iron boiler has three parts explained all tree
front = burner Hatch for maintenance
middle baffled Waterways combustion chamber
but = flow + return pipework
what is the first and most important procedure carried out prior to work on sectional boiler
a risk assessment must be carried out before start of work
what is the purpose of applying sealing compound to the sectionals of boiler
so Dad flue gases can’t escape
explain to a boiler interlock
when all electrical controls are wired back to pump + boiler and operated by individual stats
why are pollen bars needed in relation to sectional boiler
two pole sections of boiler together stops the expansion of sections
how can short circuitry be prevented from occurring within the boiler
proper installation of controls + wiring use of micro switches
what is the purpose of a steam boiler crown valve
to slowly release steam into the system
what are the main considerations for steam traps selection
size ability to work under load automatic/self venting resistance to corrosion back pressure
outline brief explain for latent + sensible heat
latent heat= changes state without change in temperature
sensible heat = change in temperature without change in state
list four main parts of a steam system
boiler hotwell Steam Trap strainer separator prv blowdown pit crown valve
purpose of a Steam Trap
catches condensate droplets
two main types of steam systems
gravity + mechanical
list three mechanical type of Steam Trap
float operated
bucket
float + bucket
why is steam utilised as a heat medium
can carry up to five times more energy than water
clean enviro friendly
non-toxic
renewable
explain the term enthalpy
it is the total amount of heat energy put in latent + sensible heat
what are steam storage calorifers used for
hospitals, continuous large amounts of steam with small Waterways manufacturing process working demands
what effect does a Steam Trap have when failed in the open position
loss of heat energy flash steam
what temperature is saturation point of water at atmospheric pressure
100°c
list each type water can exist as
ice = solid
water = liquid
steam = gas
do compressed air pipe systems require draining off point brief explanation
yes to remove condensed water from pipe from moisture in air
what function does a safety valve fitted on a compressed air system when does it operate
release excess pressure set a 10% more than primary pressure
list two types of air compressor used in compressed air systems
rotary
screw
what is compressed air used for
operate pneumatic Tools and to meet instrumentation needs
name 5 parts of compressed systems
air intake air compressor aftercooler air receiver air dryer air distribution supply to equipment
what is the purpose of fitting to traps on a compressed air system pipework
airtrap automatically removes the water collected/ at bottom of receiver, oil water mix
components are a compressor
receiver/ storage vessel
cooling system (fan + drive belt)
control system pressure valve turns off when required pressure is reached
large recipitation multistage compressor flow rate, pressure setting
50-750l/sec 7 bar
advantages of ripicating compressor
lower running costs
lower capital costs
ease of maintenance
range of sizes
fall in compressed air main
drainage point
1 in 100m
not more than 30m
explain large multi stage
uses two compressors first and second stage
used for pressure of 7 bar for two reasons reduce energy of compressor output and reduce temperature of delivery air
outline briefly how a owartzoid type sprinkler head works
temperature rated liquid with air bubble inside glass expands at September and breaks used for hot and cold climate
how is a dry pipe sprinkler system brought to operation in event of Fire during the winter used in building where temperature expected to fall
pipework is filled with compressed air so won’t freeze when fire fractures head air escapes water admitted with use of differential valve
what provisions are made in design of an alternate wet + dry sprinkler system to allow for seasonal drain down of system
heads are facing up pipework must be laid to correct fall
in what type of building would a dry riser be installed not exceed 45 m in height
multi-storey building where prompt attention can’t be relied on a pond from fire department should be sited ventilated
explain briefly in relation to wet risers
running pressure for bar minimum to highest hydrant
pumping standby must be capable for bar to highest pump
storage capacity 11.5 m cubed/11500L break tank
in what building would you use a wet riser be installed
building exceeding 20 stories
60m
above ground level
what are four main types of sprinkler heads
quartzoid bulb
sidewall
fusible solder strut
durasped solder
name four types of sprinkler systems
wet
dry
alternate wet + dry
pre action
what is the minimum internal diameter of a dry riser in a building 55 m in height
150mm in building between 45 to 60 m/ 2 valves per floor
building over 60 m should be water wet or dry
wet risers only
three types of fire hose reels
recessed
swing
fixed
list the minimum depth of soil required for traps under the correct building regs for washbasin and urinal bowl
washbasin = 75 mm
urinal bowl = 75mm
downstairs WC = 40 mm connected directly to stack
explain how a base Exchange or operates and softening for what purpose
water is passed through a pressure vessel containing sodium which observes calcium and sulphate
what is the purpose of electrical bonding on a heating system
so the pipes are acted and electrically continuity is maintained
what solution is added to a chilled water system
glycol
under revised building reg l what is the minimum seasonal efficiency of a boiler in a new installation
90% efficiency
what is a non return valve used for in solar
prevent water flowing in Reverse reverse circulation can happen when storage calorfier is hotter than the solar panel
state where and why are diverting valve might be fitted
ah you used as a bypass valve 1 in 2 out for variable volume /constant temperature
list three ancillary components of our solar system that require an electrical supply
pump
stats
motorised valves
what building regulation tech guidance does part J deal with
heat producing appliances
list four main essential components that make up a heat pump
compressor
evaporator
expansion vessel
condenser
what do installation of a new gravity circuit on a solid fuel back boiler comply with current building regulations give reasons for your answer
yes ,must be able to dissipate 10 degrees orbit heat load true gravity
list the three advantages of natural ventilation
advantages equals free
no installation
no running costs
list three disadvantages of natural ventilation
disadvantages = can’t be filtered
needs temperature difference cannot control temperature
needs wind
what solution is added to water in chilled water system
glycol
list all elements that must be present in order for a fire to occur
oxygen + heat + fuel
what can Govern the flow + return connections on a heating or cooling coil to give Max efficiency
thermostat
double regulating valve
flow insulator
name two gases that could be classified as medical gases
nitrous oxide + oxygen
what can happen to electrode with high moisture
Cannock Road
explain orifice plate
controls exact amount of pressure
explain bender test point
checks flow + temp rates
explain double reg valve
balances the system
explain diverting valve
bypass valve 3 way 1 in 2 out
why is it important to insulate chilled water Lines
to stop condensation
if relative humidity is 50% what does this mean
there is 50% moisture in the air
explain the term dew point
when flu are very tall ran outside building they should be insulated to prevent the gases condensating which is referred 2 as a dew point
explain index circuit
the furthest heat emitter from the boiler/ the heat emitter which offers most resistance
state documents A B C D E F G H I J K L
structure fire safety site prep + resistance to moisture materials + workmanship sound ventilation hygiene drainage + waste disposal heat producing appliances stair walls ladder conservation of fuel and energy
name two types of filter for a Ahu
dry
electrostatic
viscous
what difference between air con and ventilation in large buildings
aircon is control of temperature moisture circulation purity of air
ventilation causing of air movement regulated supply of air to enclosed area
list three phones use and ventilation plus aircon give one application
propeller centrifugal axial
axial flow fan
centrifugal = paddle blade suitable for high level of dirty air suspended matter
what means is natural ventilation achieved in dwelling of house
show calculated in size of vents in walls purpose provide ventilation
function of a three-way valve on a central heating system
flow share valve for domestic heating system
explain 3 way valve on a Ahu
diverting valve 1 in 2 out constant temperature variable volume
list essential items to be checked in air conditioning unit when pre commission
flow rates temperatures not run with any gas pipe leekes filters are working in ducks
describe how ahu of an air conditioning systems cool the incoming air during the summer months
cooling battery air is passed over
how is the heated air temperature controlled as it travels through the ductwork
by thermostats
name two areas in a building with air con system to have negative pressure in a room
bathroom WC
what is a combi-boiler
this boiler has two functions supply hot water to heat emitters connected to the central heating system
to heat domestic hot water instantly
three advantages of a combi-boiler
use plate exchanger no need for storage
reduce installation costs
no need for storage of cold water
tree disadvantages of a combi-boiler
if any interruption on mains no water
needs adequate pressure on a main supply
can only use one plate exchanger at any one time
what does a system boiler consist of
pump expansion vessel safety valve hi limit stat boiler stat
advantage of a system boiler
compact installation
easier neater to install
two disadvantages of a system boiler
can be expensive to install
can still need Hot + cold water storage
what are condensing boilers
they extract heat energy from the flue gases and use a second heat exchanger
advantages of condensing boiler
far more energy efficient 90%
reduces energy bills
disadvantage of condensing boiler
more expensive to install
what temperature is flue gas is expelled into atmosphere for condense and non condenser
condenser = 55 degrees
non condenser = 180 degrees
what is the most common pump used on domestic heating
centrifugal pump
name three types of pump
centrifugal
piston
Gear
explain centrifugal pump
liquids enter centre of the pump and is flung by a rotating of impeller out to the walls of pump housing building up pressure on the outlet
explain piston pump
used on a steam boiler because they require particular high pressure up and down movement of the piston forces
explain Gear pump
used where good suction pressure is required by all bearings plant contains two identical wheels meshing
what is the purpose of a flue or chimney
maintain proper combustion and deliver poc to outside atmosphere
name two types of flu design
natural draught and mechanical draught
what material are used to manufacture flues
non combustible stainless steel masonry fireproof brick mild steel
what effect has dew point on a flue + boiler
do pointers condensate running back to the boiler can cause corrosion to flu plus boiler
what PH value has condensation
3.5 on pH scale
what is a flue dilution system
it is 2 reduced poc
to reduced CO2 emissions
less than 1% 100 PPM for carbon monoxide
where would you use a fan dilution system
normally used where difficulties are encountered in provision of a conventional flue
how does fan dilution work
fresh air is drawn into duct with BOC buy a fan diluting CO2 plus carbon monoxide levels
what functions has cold feed + expansion pipe
expel water to enter system replenish evaporated water
allow for expansion to take place
what is function of osvp
open safety vent pipe
ensure system is under atmospheric pressure at all times ensures water will never reach 100 degrees Celsius
what is close coupled feet plus expansion on open vent
this is where the cold feed expansion plus RSVP are connected to same point on system no greater than 150 mm apart connected to suction side of pump to prevent pigeon
what is an automatic bypass valve
this is a valve that allows water to flow through system when stats trv zone are satisfied
how is a boiler controlled
biosafety is controlled by thermostat high limit stat Scott’s fuel supply should Max temp be reached
what is a prv what is it set at
pressure relief valve 3 bar domestic
where should you fit a prv
where should it be discharged to
as close to boiler as possible
to a safe location where no one could be hurt
what safety valve used on open + sealed
open = no1
sealed = no2 gauge
what is an index circuit
this is the circuit with furnace heat emitter from boiler
the circuit which offers the most resistance
advantages of a pumped system
smaller pipes than gravity system
quicker response higher water velocity
higher heat output from emitters
