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Dogs Training > Phase 1: A Basic Study of Canines > Flashcards

Phase 1: A Basic Study of Canines Flashcards

0
Q

Terrier Breed Group and Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to kill vermin

Physical description: Variable shapes & sizes

Temperament: Highly driven, active, & excitable
Can have animal aggression or dig

Training Needs: Socializing very necessary; Needs lots of exercise
Very smart and trainable - intelligence can lead to creative nuisance behaviors when bored; Needs structured activity or could become destructive; Fetch is great - emulates chasing a rodent

Examples: Jack Russell, Scotties, Pit Bull

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1
Q

Flock Guardian Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: protect livestock

Physical Description:
Weather resistant coats that are color-blended to surroudings.
Large to massive

Temperament:
Can be suspicious to aggressive
Easy going, yet fierce & devoted
Bond totally with flock/pack/family

Training Needs:
Socializing a must - fearless & don’t need a lot of attention
Good for people with busy schedules
Positive training, repetition, patience, & leadership
Doesn’t see use in arbitrary tasks.

Examples: Akbash Dog, Greek Sheepdog, Spanish Mastiff

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2
Q

Herding Dog Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to herd livesstock
Often confused with flock guardians (more like coworkers)

Description: Varies

Temperament:
Rugged, alert, & intelligent
Easily adapted to working & service dogs (K9 dogs, e.g.)
Natural instinct to create order

Training Needs:
Need exercise - bored easily
Not good for family w/busy schedule
Fast paced & positive training regiment
Responds well to treats
Address problem behaviors by figuring out what is lacking

Examples: Border Collie, German Shepherds, Sheepdogs, Schnauzers

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3
Q

Pariah ArchetypesTraits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Primitive breeds from Southern Asia & Northern Africa

Description: Variable

Temperment:
Originally scavengers that travel in packs

Training Requirements: Practice, repetition, leadership skills, positive motivation, and structured lessons

Examples: Basenji, Dingo

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4
Q

Mongrel

A

AKA - Mutt
AAKA - All-American Breed

Dogs w/3 or more breeds

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5
Q

Temperament (3)

A

Behavioral expectations of a breed
Behavioral distinctions set in the standard of purebred dogs
Temperament does NOT describe the personality of an individual dog

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6
Q

Disposition

A

Encompasses a dog’s mood
Relates more to personality
Example: A dog w/a wagging tail or one that’s more reserved are both considered “friendly”.

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7
Q

Canis Familaris

A

Domesticated Dog
Predator Species - Born incomplete (can’t see, hear, smell, or regulate body temp @ birth)
Born 59 - 65 days (~8 - 9 weeks) after conception

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8
Q

Developmental Periods (3)

A

1) B - 12 days (2 weeks)
2) 2 - 3 Weeks - Transitional Developmental Period
3) 3 - 5 Weeks - Primary Developmental Period

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9
Q

Optimum Bonding Period

A

Begins @ 7 weeks

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10
Q

B - 12 Days Developmental Period (3)

A

AKA Neonatal
AAKA Reflexive Behavior Period
Puppies respond to stimuli
Mother encourages easting, cleans them, stimulates defecation

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11
Q

Transitional Developmental Period

A

Age: 2 - 3 Weeks

Puppy Development :
Eyes & Ears open for the 1st time
Start to become mobile

Training Needs:
Humans should be handling daily
Toys introduced

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12
Q

2 - 3 Weeks After Birth

A

Transitional Developmental Period

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13
Q

3 - 5 Weeks after birth

A

Primary Developmental Period

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14
Q

Primary Developmental Period

A

Age: 3 - 5 weeks after birth

Puppy Development:
Become more self-aware
Master sight & hearing
Brains continue developing

Training Needs:
Texture exploration - change material in whelping box
Experiment with different toys
Do NOT expose to source s of infection
Only family should handle
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15
Q

Primary Canine Socialization Period

A

Age: 2 - 16 weeks

Social Development:
Occurs b/w puppies in litter
Learn how to be a dog: chasing, barking, fighting, body posture, accepting discipline
Learn bite inhibition: biting doesn’t get them what they want
Learn that food is good
Learn to shit & play in different places
Mother begins to ween puppies

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16
Q

2 - 16 weeks after birth (socialization period)

A

Primary socialization period

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17
Q

6 - 8 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)

A

Secondary socialization period

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18
Q

Compulsion Training (2)

A

1) Using force to teach new behaviors

2) Negative motivation - learn proper behavior out of fear of punishment

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19
Q

Counter Conditioning (Definitions)

A

Pairing negative stressful situations, or fears with things the dogs (food, toys, affection).

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20
Q

Secondary Socialization Period

A

Age: 6 - 8 Weeks

Social Development:
Extremely impressionable
Sensitive to positive & negative environmental experiences
7th week - can experience fear for the 1st time
8th week - fear imprint begins
Should be supported and allowed to feel fear
Negative experience and/or harsh corrections can cause life long phobias

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21
Q

Optimum Bonding Period

A

Age: Begins @ 7 weeks

Social Development:
Puppy is most open to bonding with people & dogs
Strong/Big enough to interact with pack

Training:
8-10 weeks - best time to move to forever home
Focus on socialization
Experiences with humans should be positive, mild, & gentle
Expose puppies to new experiences/things gently, don’t force

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22
Q

General Socialization Period

A

Age: 7 - 16 weeks

Socialization:
Expose puppy to new experiences w/o undue to risk to parvo
Dogs who aren’t socialized during this period require lots of rehav later
Improper socialization increases risk of biting

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23
Q

7 - 16 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)

A

General socialization period

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24
Q

Why are most basic training classes only open to dogs 16 weeks & older?

A

Most puppies younger than that have not received necessary shots & vaccinations

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25
Q

Proper Socialization (definition)

A

Teaching a dog not to react by sensitizing him/her to those things that will be encountered in daily life.

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26
Q

Cystitis

A

Condition: Bladder infection

Transmitted/Contracted: ???

Symptoms: Frequent urination, painful/difficult urination, blood in urine, females lick vulva often

Treatment: Antibiotics

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27
Q

Rabies

A

Condition: Virus affecting the central nervous system

Transmitted/Contracted: Through bites of infected animals
Zoonotic

Treatment: Prevention - Vacc first given at 16 weeks

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28
Q

Corona

A

Condition: Intestinal viral infection

Transmitted/Contracted: Very Contagious - through contact w/shit

Symptoms: Similar to parvo (though usually w/o fever), Can be fatal

Treatment: ???

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29
Q

Bordatella

A

AKA Kennel Cough
Condition: A complex of viruses & bacteria

Transmitted/Contracted: Can be caused by para-flu, CAV-2, distemper

Symptoms: Dry hacking cough, “honking” cough, retching, watery & nasal discharge

Treatment: ???

Severe cases (esp in unvacc'ed dogs) can lead to pneumonia, fever, lethargy
6) Death
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30
Q

Leptospirosis

A

Condition: Bacterial disease that attacks kidneys & liver

Transmission/Contraction: through body fluids, eating infected tissues, or bites from infected animals (Carried by rodents, cattle, & pigs.). Zoonotic

Symptoms: Lack of appetite, excessive drinking, vomiting, kidney failure

Treatment: ???

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31
Q

Parvo

A

Condition: Virus attacks lining of small intestine.

Transmission/Contracted: through contact with shit. Highly contagious. Puppies, geriatric dogs, immune-compromised dogs are most susceptible

Symptoms: Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever, dehydration

Final “P” in DHLPP vacc

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32
Q

Canine Parainfluenze

A

Condition: dog flue

Transmission: Spread through nasal discharge of infected animals - highly contagious.

Symptoms: Anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, lack of energy, fever, red/runny eyes

Treatment:

One of the “P” components of DHLPP vacc

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33
Q

Canine Adenovirus (CAV) Types 1 (Hepatitis) & 2

A

Condition: Virus

Transmission: Spread through contact w/urine, stool, or saliva - highly contagious.

Symptoms:
CAV - 1 Symptoms - Abdominal pain & vomiting
CAV - 2 Symptoms - Respiratory problems, discharge from eyes & nose

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34
Q

Distemper

A

Condition: Virus affecting dogs between 4 mo & 4yrs

Transmission: Spread through air & contact w/body fluids - Highly contagious

Symptoms: dullness/redness of eyes, nasal discharge, vomiting & diarrhea, coughing, fever, loss of apetite, weight loss, seizures, “fly biting,” thickening foot pads.

“D” in DHLPP vacc

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35
Q

DA2PP/DHPP Vaccine Includes:

A

1) Distemper
2) Adenovirus Type 2
3) Parainfluenze
4) Parvo

Can Include:
Corona
Leptospirosis
In areas where disease is prevalent

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36
Q

Vaccine Protocol (3)

A

1) Starts @ 6 - 8 weeks
2) New vaccines given every 3 - 4 weeks
3) 3 - 4 vaccines given/session

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37
Q

Vaccinations needed before training:

A

DA2PP/DHLPP
Bordatello
Corona
Rabies

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38
Q

Midlife to Senior (5)

A

1) 5 years - Elderly
2) Not quite as spry or energetic
3) Need to pay more attention nutrition
4) Senior dogs = 7/8 yrs +
5) Older dogs may need training as hearing, sight, or memory fail

39
Q

Maturity (Years)

A

1 - 4 years old

40
Q

1 Year Old

A

Begin to exhibit breed characteristics.

Have figured out expectations and boundaries in their home.

41
Q

2 Years Old

A

Eager & excitable, but can be trusted with boundaries set for them.

42
Q

3 Years Old

A

Easily trustworthy & less likely to break rules, but still impressionable.

43
Q

4 Years Old

A

Confident & Trustworthy

Enjoys learning

44
Q

Sexual Maturity

A

8 - 15 months old (depending on breed)

45
Q

Secondary Fear Period (4)

A

Age: 6 - 14 months

Description:

1) Can correspond with growth spurts, sexual maturity, or replacing puppy coat w/adult coat
2) Things dogs are confident about as puppies suddenly become scary

Training:
Continue socialization, but don’t overwhelm

46
Q

Flight Instinct Period

A

Age: 4 - 8 months - lasts for several weeks during this period

Description:
Flight is instructional response during this period to a dangerous situation

Example: Puppy chews on shoe. Parent yells and tries to take shoe away. Puppy grabs shoe & runs away

47
Q

Fear Imprint Period

A

Age: 8 -11 Weeks

Description:
Doesn’t matter if something horrible is happening if puppy believes something horrible is happening.
Hard to underdo negative experiences while puppy is in fear-imprint period.

Example: Owner spanks puppy during fear imprint period. Puppy will learn to be afraid of owner of dog’s life.

48
Q

Handling Nervous or Fearful Reactions

A

1) Do not soothe when fearful - it imprints the fearful reaction
2) Redirect attention to food or toy
3) Remove & Reintroduce to experience in smaller steps.

Example: Have strangers toss food to teach that people are good.

49
Q

Optimum Socialization Period (Age)

A

Prior to 5 months old

50
Q

Breed groups that require more socialization. (2)

A

Guarding Breeds

Terrier Breeds

51
Q

Easier breed groups to socialize. (2)

A

Sporting Breeds

Herding Breeds

52
Q

Signs of Nervousness (5)

A

Face:
Eyes dilated and/or whale eyes

Body:
Low Body Posture
Hackles Up

Tail:
Stiff

Behavior:
Unwilling to take food

53
Q

Improper socialization exercises (3)

A

1) Dragging a reluctant puppy to center of class during basic training.
2) Forcing situation even though dog is nervous
3) Punishing puppy when he/she reacts out of fear

54
Q

Signs of Improper Socialization (5)

A

1) Shy and/or over reactive
2) Flinch, freeze, or withdrawn when petted
3) Easily startled
4) Fearfully aggressive w/direct eye contact or front approach, petting on top of head, shoulders, or neck (similar to threatening canine behaviors).
5) Under-socialized dogs are often confused for abused dogs

55
Q

Proper Socialization Components (5)

A

1) Exposure to many situations & environments introduced @ dog’s pace
2) Ensure positive experiences/avoid negative reactions
3) Desensitize dog to stimuli
4) Important not to overwhelm or overexpose - can cause negative association
5) Socialization is most important thing an owner can do to guard against aggression

56
Q

External Parasites (5)

A

1) Fleas
2) Ticks
3) Mites
4) Scabies
5) Demodex

57
Q

Signs of Stress

A

Face:
Ears Back
Pupils Dilated
Corners of mouth back or rapid panting

Body:
Low body posture
Sweating through pads

Tail:
Down

58
Q

Responding to a stressful dog (3)

A

1) Take a break - remove from situation
2) Give dog simpler task to build confidence
3) Use food to regain focus

59
Q

Playbow (4)

A

Face:
Ears up
Mouth open/tongue visibile

Body:
Front end lowered/butt up

Tail:
Up & Wagging

60
Q

Passive Submission

A

Face:
Eyes looking away

Body:
Rolled onto back/exposing belly

Tail:
Tucked

61
Q

Causes of and Responses to Signs of Submission (Active & Passive)

A

1) Can be a sign of confusion about what trainer/parent wants.
2) Received too strong of a correction.
3) Senses trainer/parent is angry/tense.
4) Take a break until both & dog are relaxed

62
Q

Active Submission (8)

A

Face:
Ears back
Forehead smooth
Corners of mouth back

Body:
Lowered body posture
Groveling movements with forepaws

Tail:
Down/Tucked

Other behaviors:
Lick @ mouth of superior dog/human
1) Tail down

63
Q

Defensive Threat Posture (1)

A 
Face:
Ears back
Pupil dilated
Nose wrinkled
Corner of mouth back

Body:
Body lowered

Tail:
Tucked

64
Q

Responses to Defensive Threat Posture (5)

A

1) Avoid physical corrections
2) Practice exercises the dog can succeed at to build confidence
3) Remove dog from threat
4) Use food/reward to regain focus
5) NFLP

65
Q

Offensive Threat Posture

A

Face:
Ears forward, nose wrinkled, corners of mouth forward

Body:
Stands tall & forward on toes
Hackles up

Tail:
Up & Stiff

Other behaviors:
Often growls

66
Q

Responding to Offensive Threat Posture (3)

A

1) Avoid physical corrections - move dog away from threat
2) Teach eye contact as a non-threatening behavior
3) NFLP
4) Use treats to refocus

67
Q

Alert Body Posture

A

Face:
Ears forward
Mouth closed

Body:
Stand tall on toes

Tail:
Straight out/stiff

Important to recognize alert body posture for determining behavioral threshold for training.

68
Q

Relaxed Body Posture (5)

A

Face:
Ears up but not forward
Corners of mouth relaxed or smiling

Body:
Head high

Tail:
Tail down/relaxed for breed

Other behaviors:
Relaxed dogs sleep with eyes shut - canines can sleep with eyes open

69
Q

Proestrus (5)

A

1) Period when female is attractive to male
2) Females won’t allow coitus
3) Vaginal discharge
4) Swollen vulva
5) Lasts about 9 days

70
Q

Estrus (3)

A

1) Period when female is fertile
2) Last ~9 days
3) Ovulation starts within first 48 hours

71
Q

Heat Cycle (3)

A

1) Divided in 2 parts: Proestrus & Estrus
2) Happens twice/year - 5 1/2 months
3) Lasts 18 - 21 days

72
Q

Male Sexual Maturity (3)

A

1) Start around 6 months
2) Fully mature by 12 - 15 months
3) Sexually active for 8 - 10 years

73
Q

OFA (3)

A

1) Orthopedic Foundation of America
2) Reviews X-rays for dogs with dysplasia
3) Reviews dogs @ age 2.

74
Q

Hip Dysplasia

A

Condition: Congenital hip deformity (more frequent: in larger dogs)

Symptoms: Hip pain, limp or swaying gait, difficulty rising from sitting or lying, lack of endurance
Can appear as early as 4 - 9 months
Treatment: Weight control, limited exercise, keeping area warm & dry

Commonly develop arthritis

75
Q

Hookworm, Roundworm, Tapeworm

A

Condition: Internal parasites commonly found in puppies

Transmitted/Contracted: ?

Symptoms: weight loss, occasional diarrhea, detected in feces

76
Q

Heartworms

A

Condition: Parasites

Transmitted: Enter from bite of infected mosquito, and travel through bloodstream & mature in heart
Can reach 12 in long

Symptoms: Easily tired, chronic cough, weight loss

77
Q

Internal Parasites (4)

A

1) Heartworms
2) Hookworms
3) Roundworms
4) Tapeworms

78
Q

Nordic Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred for rough terrain, sled pulling, pack hunting

Physical description: Double coated fur insulation from heat & cold (shaving in summer could cause dog to overheat)
Naturally standing ears & tails that curl

Temperament:
Strong work ethic
Intelligent, driven, strong, & willful

Training needs:
Clear direction & reward markers, strong leadership
Prevent nuisance behavior rather than correct

Examples:
Akita
Huskey
Chow
Spitz
79
Q

Scenthound Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History:
Many have foundation in France & England
US breeds track prey that climbs trees

Physical Description:
Strong bones & well defined muscles
Tend to bay when barking

Temperament:
Adaptable and Independent
Working Dogs - Need a job

Training Needs:
Easily trained
Begging & Digging are problem behaviors
Following nose makes them independent

Example:
Basset Hounds
Beagles
Fox & Coon hounds

80
Q

Sighthound Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Among oldest domesticated dogs

Physical Description:
Sleek light-boned, agile, & fast
Use eyes to scan for prey

Temperament:
Aloof personality - mistaken for stupidity (just b/c a sighthound is not looking at you doesn’t mean he/she not learning)

Training Needs:
Do in a pattern with 2 - 3 activities, needs right reward/motivator

Examples:
Borzoi
Saluki
Whippet
Greyhound
81
Q

Breed Archetypes (11)

A

1) Sighthounds
2) Scenthounds
3) Mastiffs
4) Gundogs
5) Nordic
6) Terriers
7) Flock Guardians
8) Herding
9) Toys
10) Pariah
11) Mongrels

82
Q

Miscellaneous Class (2)

A

1) Transitionary class for breeds seeking full AKC recognition
2) Recognition requires: Nationwide interest, active parent club, expanding breeding activity

83
Q

Toy Breed Characteristics (4)

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship

Physical Description:
Small, variable coats & colors
Delicate physiology means easily injured - keep separate from big dogs in class

Temperament:
Small dog w/big attitude

Training Needs:
Small Dog Lenience
Put dogs on table/use targeting stick

84
Q

Hound Group Characteristic

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred for hunting with humans, bred to work

Physical Description:
Variable

Temperament:
Independent Nature
Less pack drive/desire to please comes off as stubborn or stupid

Training Needs:
Can become board - high focus, fewer reps
High value treats
NFLP
Sniffing can serve as a reward
85
Q

Non-Sporting Group Characteristics (4)

A

1) Characteristics based on specific breed
2) Need strong motivation
3) Training needs: NFLP & strong leadership
4) Make better pets: not bred to hunt or work (good for experience owners)

86
Q

Herding Group Characteristics

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to heard livesstock

Physical Description:
Variable

Temperament:
High prey/chase drive (small children, objects, bikes)
High pack drive - can lead to over attachment & separation anxiety

Training Needs:
Easily trained & bonded with humans
Needs lots mental & physical activity
Crate training recommended

87
Q

Working Group Characteristics

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to work and guard

Physical Description:
Usually larger, well developed muscle tone

Temperament:
Dominant & Independent
Territorial & Possessive over toys, space, people (difficult for novice owners)
Independent temperament can come off as stubborn

Training needs: Strong, fair, & consistent leaderhip; NFLP, lots of positive reinforcement
Insensitive - makes them difficult to correct
Owners must est pack order

88
Q

Sporting Group Traits

A

Sporting Group: Bred for hunting

Physical Description:
Variable size & coat

Temperament:
Easily distracted - bred to notice everything

Training Needs:
struggle with sit-stay, down-stay, distracted by other dogs in class
Spaniels & Setters are sensitive & easily corrected
Retrievers are insensitive & difficult to correct
Need lots of exercise - can develop barking, digging, destructiveness, or pacing

89
Q

All-American Breed

A

Dogs born from parents who have 3 or more breed lines

90
Q

Mixed Breed

A

Dogs born from parents not of the same breed, and at least one parents breed is unknown.

91
Q

American Kennel Club (4)

A

1) Established 9/17/1884
2) Breed standards set by individual breed clubs
3) 175 breeds
4) 7 breed groups

92
Q

Socialization Periods (3)

A

1) 2 - 16 Weeks - Primary Canine Socialization Period
2) 6 - 8 Weeks - Secondary Socialization Period
3) 7 - 16 Weeks - General Socialization Period

92
Q

Non-Sporting Group

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship

Physical Description:
Variable size & coats

Temperament:
Breed group too diverse for a consistent temperament
Usually bred for companionship, so usually make good pets

Training Needs:
Variable
NFLP

Examples:
Bulldogs
Shar-pei
Dalmation
Poodle
93
Q

Seniority Classification & Pack Stability Socialization Period

A

Age: 10 - 16 weeks

Social Development:
Learn to compete & cope with surroundings
Begin to explore, adapt, & learn place in pack/household

Training Needs:
Basic obedience & socialization trips
Keep it fun

Dogs Training (2 decks)

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