Phase 1: A Basic Study of Canines Flashcards
Terrier Breed Group and Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to kill vermin
Physical description: Variable shapes & sizes
Temperament: Highly driven, active, & excitable
Can have animal aggression or dig
Training Needs: Socializing very necessary; Needs lots of exercise
Very smart and trainable - intelligence can lead to creative nuisance behaviors when bored; Needs structured activity or could become destructive; Fetch is great - emulates chasing a rodent
Examples: Jack Russell, Scotties, Pit Bull
Flock Guardian Traits
Breed Purpose/History: protect livestock
Physical Description:
Weather resistant coats that are color-blended to surroudings.
Large to massive
Temperament:
Can be suspicious to aggressive
Easy going, yet fierce & devoted
Bond totally with flock/pack/family
Training Needs:
Socializing a must - fearless & don’t need a lot of attention
Good for people with busy schedules
Positive training, repetition, patience, & leadership
Doesn’t see use in arbitrary tasks.
Examples: Akbash Dog, Greek Sheepdog, Spanish Mastiff
Herding Dog Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to herd livesstock
Often confused with flock guardians (more like coworkers)
Description: Varies
Temperament:
Rugged, alert, & intelligent
Easily adapted to working & service dogs (K9 dogs, e.g.)
Natural instinct to create order
Training Needs: Need exercise - bored easily Not good for family w/busy schedule Fast paced & positive training regiment Responds well to treats Address problem behaviors by figuring out what is lacking
Examples: Border Collie, German Shepherds, Sheepdogs, Schnauzers
Pariah ArchetypesTraits
Breed Purpose/History: Primitive breeds from Southern Asia & Northern Africa
Description: Variable
Temperment:
Originally scavengers that travel in packs
Training Requirements: Practice, repetition, leadership skills, positive motivation, and structured lessons
Examples: Basenji, Dingo
Mongrel
AKA - Mutt
AAKA - All-American Breed
Dogs w/3 or more breeds
Temperament (3)
Behavioral expectations of a breed
Behavioral distinctions set in the standard of purebred dogs
Temperament does NOT describe the personality of an individual dog
Disposition
Encompasses a dog’s mood
Relates more to personality
Example: A dog w/a wagging tail or one that’s more reserved are both considered “friendly”.
Canis Familaris
Domesticated Dog
Predator Species - Born incomplete (can’t see, hear, smell, or regulate body temp @ birth)
Born 59 - 65 days (~8 - 9 weeks) after conception
Developmental Periods (3)
1) B - 12 days (2 weeks)
2) 2 - 3 Weeks - Transitional Developmental Period
3) 3 - 5 Weeks - Primary Developmental Period
Optimum Bonding Period
Begins @ 7 weeks
B - 12 Days Developmental Period (3)
AKA Neonatal
AAKA Reflexive Behavior Period
Puppies respond to stimuli
Mother encourages easting, cleans them, stimulates defecation
Transitional Developmental Period
Age: 2 - 3 Weeks
Puppy Development :
Eyes & Ears open for the 1st time
Start to become mobile
Training Needs:
Humans should be handling daily
Toys introduced
2 - 3 Weeks After Birth
Transitional Developmental Period
3 - 5 Weeks after birth
Primary Developmental Period
Primary Developmental Period
Age: 3 - 5 weeks after birth
Puppy Development:
Become more self-aware
Master sight & hearing
Brains continue developing
Training Needs: Texture exploration - change material in whelping box Experiment with different toys Do NOT expose to source s of infection Only family should handle
Primary Canine Socialization Period
Age: 2 - 16 weeks
Social Development:
Occurs b/w puppies in litter
Learn how to be a dog: chasing, barking, fighting, body posture, accepting discipline
Learn bite inhibition: biting doesn’t get them what they want
Learn that food is good
Learn to shit & play in different places
Mother begins to ween puppies
2 - 16 weeks after birth (socialization period)
Primary socialization period
6 - 8 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)
Secondary socialization period
Compulsion Training (2)
1) Using force to teach new behaviors
2) Negative motivation - learn proper behavior out of fear of punishment
Counter Conditioning (Definitions)
Pairing negative stressful situations, or fears with things the dogs (food, toys, affection).
Secondary Socialization Period
Age: 6 - 8 Weeks
Social Development:
Extremely impressionable
Sensitive to positive & negative environmental experiences
7th week - can experience fear for the 1st time
8th week - fear imprint begins
Should be supported and allowed to feel fear
Negative experience and/or harsh corrections can cause life long phobias
Optimum Bonding Period
Age: Begins @ 7 weeks
Social Development:
Puppy is most open to bonding with people & dogs
Strong/Big enough to interact with pack
Training:
8-10 weeks - best time to move to forever home
Focus on socialization
Experiences with humans should be positive, mild, & gentle
Expose puppies to new experiences/things gently, don’t force
General Socialization Period
Age: 7 - 16 weeks
Socialization:
Expose puppy to new experiences w/o undue to risk to parvo
Dogs who aren’t socialized during this period require lots of rehav later
Improper socialization increases risk of biting
7 - 16 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)
General socialization period
Why are most basic training classes only open to dogs 16 weeks & older?
Most puppies younger than that have not received necessary shots & vaccinations
Proper Socialization (definition)
Teaching a dog not to react by sensitizing him/her to those things that will be encountered in daily life.
Cystitis
Condition: Bladder infection
Transmitted/Contracted: ???
Symptoms: Frequent urination, painful/difficult urination, blood in urine, females lick vulva often
Treatment: Antibiotics
Rabies
Condition: Virus affecting the central nervous system
Transmitted/Contracted: Through bites of infected animals
Zoonotic
Treatment: Prevention - Vacc first given at 16 weeks
Corona
Condition: Intestinal viral infection
Transmitted/Contracted: Very Contagious - through contact w/shit
Symptoms: Similar to parvo (though usually w/o fever), Can be fatal
Treatment: ???
Bordatella
AKA Kennel Cough
Condition: A complex of viruses & bacteria
Transmitted/Contracted: Can be caused by para-flu, CAV-2, distemper
Symptoms: Dry hacking cough, “honking” cough, retching, watery & nasal discharge
Treatment: ???
Severe cases (esp in unvacc'ed dogs) can lead to pneumonia, fever, lethargy 6) Death
Leptospirosis
Condition: Bacterial disease that attacks kidneys & liver
Transmission/Contraction: through body fluids, eating infected tissues, or bites from infected animals (Carried by rodents, cattle, & pigs.). Zoonotic
Symptoms: Lack of appetite, excessive drinking, vomiting, kidney failure
Treatment: ???
Parvo
Condition: Virus attacks lining of small intestine.
Transmission/Contracted: through contact with shit. Highly contagious. Puppies, geriatric dogs, immune-compromised dogs are most susceptible
Symptoms: Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever, dehydration
Final “P” in DHLPP vacc
Canine Parainfluenze
Condition: dog flue
Transmission: Spread through nasal discharge of infected animals - highly contagious.
Symptoms: Anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, lack of energy, fever, red/runny eyes
Treatment:
One of the “P” components of DHLPP vacc
Canine Adenovirus (CAV) Types 1 (Hepatitis) & 2
Condition: Virus
Transmission: Spread through contact w/urine, stool, or saliva - highly contagious.
Symptoms:
CAV - 1 Symptoms - Abdominal pain & vomiting
CAV - 2 Symptoms - Respiratory problems, discharge from eyes & nose
Distemper
Condition: Virus affecting dogs between 4 mo & 4yrs
Transmission: Spread through air & contact w/body fluids - Highly contagious
Symptoms: dullness/redness of eyes, nasal discharge, vomiting & diarrhea, coughing, fever, loss of apetite, weight loss, seizures, “fly biting,” thickening foot pads.
“D” in DHLPP vacc
DA2PP/DHPP Vaccine Includes:
1) Distemper
2) Adenovirus Type 2
3) Parainfluenze
4) Parvo
Can Include:
Corona
Leptospirosis
In areas where disease is prevalent
Vaccine Protocol (3)
1) Starts @ 6 - 8 weeks
2) New vaccines given every 3 - 4 weeks
3) 3 - 4 vaccines given/session
Vaccinations needed before training:
DA2PP/DHLPP
Bordatello
Corona
Rabies
Midlife to Senior (5)
1) 5 years - Elderly
2) Not quite as spry or energetic
3) Need to pay more attention nutrition
4) Senior dogs = 7/8 yrs +
5) Older dogs may need training as hearing, sight, or memory fail
Maturity (Years)
1 - 4 years old
1 Year Old
Begin to exhibit breed characteristics.
Have figured out expectations and boundaries in their home.
2 Years Old
Eager & excitable, but can be trusted with boundaries set for them.
3 Years Old
Easily trustworthy & less likely to break rules, but still impressionable.
4 Years Old
Confident & Trustworthy
Enjoys learning
Sexual Maturity
8 - 15 months old (depending on breed)
Secondary Fear Period (4)
Age: 6 - 14 months
Description:
1) Can correspond with growth spurts, sexual maturity, or replacing puppy coat w/adult coat
2) Things dogs are confident about as puppies suddenly become scary
Training:
Continue socialization, but don’t overwhelm
Flight Instinct Period
Age: 4 - 8 months - lasts for several weeks during this period
Description:
Flight is instructional response during this period to a dangerous situation
Example: Puppy chews on shoe. Parent yells and tries to take shoe away. Puppy grabs shoe & runs away
Fear Imprint Period
Age: 8 -11 Weeks
Description:
Doesn’t matter if something horrible is happening if puppy believes something horrible is happening.
Hard to underdo negative experiences while puppy is in fear-imprint period.
Example: Owner spanks puppy during fear imprint period. Puppy will learn to be afraid of owner of dog’s life.
Handling Nervous or Fearful Reactions
1) Do not soothe when fearful - it imprints the fearful reaction
2) Redirect attention to food or toy
3) Remove & Reintroduce to experience in smaller steps.
Example: Have strangers toss food to teach that people are good.
Optimum Socialization Period (Age)
Prior to 5 months old
Breed groups that require more socialization. (2)
Guarding Breeds
Terrier Breeds
Easier breed groups to socialize. (2)
Sporting Breeds
Herding Breeds
Signs of Nervousness (5)
Face:
Eyes dilated and/or whale eyes
Body:
Low Body Posture
Hackles Up
Tail:
Stiff
Behavior:
Unwilling to take food
Improper socialization exercises (3)
1) Dragging a reluctant puppy to center of class during basic training.
2) Forcing situation even though dog is nervous
3) Punishing puppy when he/she reacts out of fear
Signs of Improper Socialization (5)
1) Shy and/or over reactive
2) Flinch, freeze, or withdrawn when petted
3) Easily startled
4) Fearfully aggressive w/direct eye contact or front approach, petting on top of head, shoulders, or neck (similar to threatening canine behaviors).
5) Under-socialized dogs are often confused for abused dogs
Proper Socialization Components (5)
1) Exposure to many situations & environments introduced @ dog’s pace
2) Ensure positive experiences/avoid negative reactions
3) Desensitize dog to stimuli
4) Important not to overwhelm or overexpose - can cause negative association
5) Socialization is most important thing an owner can do to guard against aggression
External Parasites (5)
1) Fleas
2) Ticks
3) Mites
4) Scabies
5) Demodex
Signs of Stress
Face:
Ears Back
Pupils Dilated
Corners of mouth back or rapid panting
Body:
Low body posture
Sweating through pads
Tail:
Down
Responding to a stressful dog (3)
1) Take a break - remove from situation
2) Give dog simpler task to build confidence
3) Use food to regain focus
Playbow (4)
Face:
Ears up
Mouth open/tongue visibile
Body:
Front end lowered/butt up
Tail:
Up & Wagging
Passive Submission
Face:
Eyes looking away
Body:
Rolled onto back/exposing belly
Tail:
Tucked
Causes of and Responses to Signs of Submission (Active & Passive)
1) Can be a sign of confusion about what trainer/parent wants.
2) Received too strong of a correction.
3) Senses trainer/parent is angry/tense.
4) Take a break until both & dog are relaxed
Active Submission (8)
Face:
Ears back
Forehead smooth
Corners of mouth back
Body:
Lowered body posture
Groveling movements with forepaws
Tail:
Down/Tucked
Other behaviors:
Lick @ mouth of superior dog/human
1) Tail down
Defensive Threat Posture (1)
Face: Ears back Pupil dilated Nose wrinkled Corner of mouth back
Body:
Body lowered
Tail:
Tucked
Responses to Defensive Threat Posture (5)
1) Avoid physical corrections
2) Practice exercises the dog can succeed at to build confidence
3) Remove dog from threat
4) Use food/reward to regain focus
5) NFLP
Offensive Threat Posture
Face:
Ears forward, nose wrinkled, corners of mouth forward
Body:
Stands tall & forward on toes
Hackles up
Tail:
Up & Stiff
Other behaviors:
Often growls
Responding to Offensive Threat Posture (3)
1) Avoid physical corrections - move dog away from threat
2) Teach eye contact as a non-threatening behavior
3) NFLP
4) Use treats to refocus
Alert Body Posture
Face:
Ears forward
Mouth closed
Body:
Stand tall on toes
Tail:
Straight out/stiff
Important to recognize alert body posture for determining behavioral threshold for training.
Relaxed Body Posture (5)
Face:
Ears up but not forward
Corners of mouth relaxed or smiling
Body:
Head high
Tail:
Tail down/relaxed for breed
Other behaviors:
Relaxed dogs sleep with eyes shut - canines can sleep with eyes open
Proestrus (5)
1) Period when female is attractive to male
2) Females won’t allow coitus
3) Vaginal discharge
4) Swollen vulva
5) Lasts about 9 days
Estrus (3)
1) Period when female is fertile
2) Last ~9 days
3) Ovulation starts within first 48 hours
Heat Cycle (3)
1) Divided in 2 parts: Proestrus & Estrus
2) Happens twice/year - 5 1/2 months
3) Lasts 18 - 21 days
Male Sexual Maturity (3)
1) Start around 6 months
2) Fully mature by 12 - 15 months
3) Sexually active for 8 - 10 years
OFA (3)
1) Orthopedic Foundation of America
2) Reviews X-rays for dogs with dysplasia
3) Reviews dogs @ age 2.
Hip Dysplasia
Condition: Congenital hip deformity (more frequent: in larger dogs)
Symptoms: Hip pain, limp or swaying gait, difficulty rising from sitting or lying, lack of endurance
Can appear as early as 4 - 9 months
Treatment: Weight control, limited exercise, keeping area warm & dry
Commonly develop arthritis
Hookworm, Roundworm, Tapeworm
Condition: Internal parasites commonly found in puppies
Transmitted/Contracted: ?
Symptoms: weight loss, occasional diarrhea, detected in feces
Heartworms
Condition: Parasites
Transmitted: Enter from bite of infected mosquito, and travel through bloodstream & mature in heart
Can reach 12 in long
Symptoms: Easily tired, chronic cough, weight loss
Internal Parasites (4)
1) Heartworms
2) Hookworms
3) Roundworms
4) Tapeworms
Nordic Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for rough terrain, sled pulling, pack hunting
Physical description: Double coated fur insulation from heat & cold (shaving in summer could cause dog to overheat)
Naturally standing ears & tails that curl
Temperament:
Strong work ethic
Intelligent, driven, strong, & willful
Training needs:
Clear direction & reward markers, strong leadership
Prevent nuisance behavior rather than correct
Examples: Akita Huskey Chow Spitz
Scenthound Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History:
Many have foundation in France & England
US breeds track prey that climbs trees
Physical Description:
Strong bones & well defined muscles
Tend to bay when barking
Temperament:
Adaptable and Independent
Working Dogs - Need a job
Training Needs:
Easily trained
Begging & Digging are problem behaviors
Following nose makes them independent
Example:
Basset Hounds
Beagles
Fox & Coon hounds
Sighthound Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Among oldest domesticated dogs
Physical Description:
Sleek light-boned, agile, & fast
Use eyes to scan for prey
Temperament:
Aloof personality - mistaken for stupidity (just b/c a sighthound is not looking at you doesn’t mean he/she not learning)
Training Needs:
Do in a pattern with 2 - 3 activities, needs right reward/motivator
Examples: Borzoi Saluki Whippet Greyhound
Breed Archetypes (11)
1) Sighthounds
2) Scenthounds
3) Mastiffs
4) Gundogs
5) Nordic
6) Terriers
7) Flock Guardians
8) Herding
9) Toys
10) Pariah
11) Mongrels
Miscellaneous Class (2)
1) Transitionary class for breeds seeking full AKC recognition
2) Recognition requires: Nationwide interest, active parent club, expanding breeding activity
Toy Breed Characteristics (4)
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship
Physical Description:
Small, variable coats & colors
Delicate physiology means easily injured - keep separate from big dogs in class
Temperament:
Small dog w/big attitude
Training Needs:
Small Dog Lenience
Put dogs on table/use targeting stick
Hound Group Characteristic
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for hunting with humans, bred to work
Physical Description:
Variable
Temperament:
Independent Nature
Less pack drive/desire to please comes off as stubborn or stupid
Training Needs: Can become board - high focus, fewer reps High value treats NFLP Sniffing can serve as a reward
Non-Sporting Group Characteristics (4)
1) Characteristics based on specific breed
2) Need strong motivation
3) Training needs: NFLP & strong leadership
4) Make better pets: not bred to hunt or work (good for experience owners)
Herding Group Characteristics
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to heard livesstock
Physical Description:
Variable
Temperament:
High prey/chase drive (small children, objects, bikes)
High pack drive - can lead to over attachment & separation anxiety
Training Needs:
Easily trained & bonded with humans
Needs lots mental & physical activity
Crate training recommended
Working Group Characteristics
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to work and guard
Physical Description:
Usually larger, well developed muscle tone
Temperament:
Dominant & Independent
Territorial & Possessive over toys, space, people (difficult for novice owners)
Independent temperament can come off as stubborn
Training needs: Strong, fair, & consistent leaderhip; NFLP, lots of positive reinforcement
Insensitive - makes them difficult to correct
Owners must est pack order
Sporting Group Traits
Sporting Group: Bred for hunting
Physical Description:
Variable size & coat
Temperament:
Easily distracted - bred to notice everything
Training Needs:
struggle with sit-stay, down-stay, distracted by other dogs in class
Spaniels & Setters are sensitive & easily corrected
Retrievers are insensitive & difficult to correct
Need lots of exercise - can develop barking, digging, destructiveness, or pacing
All-American Breed
Dogs born from parents who have 3 or more breed lines
Mixed Breed
Dogs born from parents not of the same breed, and at least one parents breed is unknown.
American Kennel Club (4)
1) Established 9/17/1884
2) Breed standards set by individual breed clubs
3) 175 breeds
4) 7 breed groups
Socialization Periods (3)
1) 2 - 16 Weeks - Primary Canine Socialization Period
2) 6 - 8 Weeks - Secondary Socialization Period
3) 7 - 16 Weeks - General Socialization Period
Non-Sporting Group
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship
Physical Description:
Variable size & coats
Temperament:
Breed group too diverse for a consistent temperament
Usually bred for companionship, so usually make good pets
Training Needs:
Variable
NFLP
Examples: Bulldogs Shar-pei Dalmation Poodle
Seniority Classification & Pack Stability Socialization Period
Age: 10 - 16 weeks
Social Development:
Learn to compete & cope with surroundings
Begin to explore, adapt, & learn place in pack/household
Training Needs:
Basic obedience & socialization trips
Keep it fun
