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Dogs Training > Phase 1: A Basic Study of Canines > Flashcards

Phase 1: A Basic Study of Canines Flashcards

0
Q

Terrier Breed Group and Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to kill vermin

Physical description: Variable shapes & sizes

Temperament: Highly driven, active, & excitable
Can have animal aggression or dig

Training Needs: Socializing very necessary; Needs lots of exercise
Very smart and trainable - intelligence can lead to creative nuisance behaviors when bored; Needs structured activity or could become destructive; Fetch is great - emulates chasing a rodent

Examples: Jack Russell, Scotties, Pit Bull

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1
Q

Flock Guardian Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: protect livestock

Physical Description:
Weather resistant coats that are color-blended to surroudings.
Large to massive

Temperament:
Can be suspicious to aggressive
Easy going, yet fierce & devoted
Bond totally with flock/pack/family

Training Needs:
Socializing a must - fearless & don’t need a lot of attention
Good for people with busy schedules
Positive training, repetition, patience, & leadership
Doesn’t see use in arbitrary tasks.

Examples: Akbash Dog, Greek Sheepdog, Spanish Mastiff

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2
Q

Herding Dog Archetype Traits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Bred to herd livesstock
Often confused with flock guardians (more like coworkers)

Description: Varies

Temperament:
Rugged, alert, & intelligent
Easily adapted to working & service dogs (K9 dogs, e.g.)
Natural instinct to create order

Training Needs:
Need exercise - bored easily
Not good for family w/busy schedule
Fast paced & positive training regiment
Responds well to treats
Address problem behaviors by figuring out what is lacking

Examples: Border Collie, German Shepherds, Sheepdogs, Schnauzers

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3
Q

Pariah ArchetypesTraits

A

Breed Purpose/History: Primitive breeds from Southern Asia & Northern Africa

Description: Variable

Temperment:
Originally scavengers that travel in packs

Training Requirements: Practice, repetition, leadership skills, positive motivation, and structured lessons

Examples: Basenji, Dingo

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4
Q

Mongrel

A

AKA - Mutt
AAKA - All-American Breed

Dogs w/3 or more breeds

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5
Q

Temperament (3)

A

Behavioral expectations of a breed
Behavioral distinctions set in the standard of purebred dogs
Temperament does NOT describe the personality of an individual dog

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6
Q

Disposition

A

Encompasses a dog’s mood
Relates more to personality
Example: A dog w/a wagging tail or one that’s more reserved are both considered “friendly”.

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7
Q

Canis Familaris

A

Domesticated Dog
Predator Species - Born incomplete (can’t see, hear, smell, or regulate body temp @ birth)
Born 59 - 65 days (~8 - 9 weeks) after conception

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8
Q

Developmental Periods (3)

A

1) B - 12 days (2 weeks)
2) 2 - 3 Weeks - Transitional Developmental Period
3) 3 - 5 Weeks - Primary Developmental Period

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9
Q

Optimum Bonding Period

A

Begins @ 7 weeks

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10
Q

B - 12 Days Developmental Period (3)

A

AKA Neonatal
AAKA Reflexive Behavior Period
Puppies respond to stimuli
Mother encourages easting, cleans them, stimulates defecation

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11
Q

Transitional Developmental Period

A

Age: 2 - 3 Weeks

Puppy Development :
Eyes & Ears open for the 1st time
Start to become mobile

Training Needs:
Humans should be handling daily
Toys introduced

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12
Q

2 - 3 Weeks After Birth

A

Transitional Developmental Period

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13
Q

3 - 5 Weeks after birth

A

Primary Developmental Period

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14
Q

Primary Developmental Period

A

Age: 3 - 5 weeks after birth

Puppy Development:
Become more self-aware
Master sight & hearing
Brains continue developing

Training Needs:
Texture exploration - change material in whelping box
Experiment with different toys
Do NOT expose to source s of infection
Only family should handle
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15
Q

Primary Canine Socialization Period

A

Age: 2 - 16 weeks

Social Development:
Occurs b/w puppies in litter
Learn how to be a dog: chasing, barking, fighting, body posture, accepting discipline
Learn bite inhibition: biting doesn’t get them what they want
Learn that food is good
Learn to shit & play in different places
Mother begins to ween puppies

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16
Q

2 - 16 weeks after birth (socialization period)

A

Primary socialization period

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17
Q

6 - 8 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)

A

Secondary socialization period

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18
Q

Compulsion Training (2)

A

1) Using force to teach new behaviors

2) Negative motivation - learn proper behavior out of fear of punishment

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19
Q

Counter Conditioning (Definitions)

A

Pairing negative stressful situations, or fears with things the dogs (food, toys, affection).

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20
Q

Secondary Socialization Period

A

Age: 6 - 8 Weeks

Social Development:
Extremely impressionable
Sensitive to positive & negative environmental experiences
7th week - can experience fear for the 1st time
8th week - fear imprint begins
Should be supported and allowed to feel fear
Negative experience and/or harsh corrections can cause life long phobias

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21
Q

Optimum Bonding Period

A

Age: Begins @ 7 weeks

Social Development:
Puppy is most open to bonding with people & dogs
Strong/Big enough to interact with pack

Training:
8-10 weeks - best time to move to forever home
Focus on socialization
Experiences with humans should be positive, mild, & gentle
Expose puppies to new experiences/things gently, don’t force

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22
Q

General Socialization Period

A

Age: 7 - 16 weeks

Socialization:
Expose puppy to new experiences w/o undue to risk to parvo
Dogs who aren’t socialized during this period require lots of rehav later
Improper socialization increases risk of biting

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23
Q

7 - 16 weeks after birth (Socialization Period)

A

General socialization period

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Why are most basic training classes only open to dogs 16 weeks & older?
Most puppies younger than that have not received necessary shots & vaccinations
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Proper Socialization (definition)
Teaching a dog not to react by sensitizing him/her to those things that will be encountered in daily life.
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Cystitis
Condition: Bladder infection Transmitted/Contracted: ??? Symptoms: Frequent urination, painful/difficult urination, blood in urine, females lick vulva often Treatment: Antibiotics
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Rabies
Condition: Virus affecting the central nervous system Transmitted/Contracted: Through bites of infected animals Zoonotic Treatment: Prevention - Vacc first given at 16 weeks
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Corona
Condition: Intestinal viral infection Transmitted/Contracted: Very Contagious - through contact w/shit Symptoms: Similar to parvo (though usually w/o fever), Can be fatal Treatment: ???
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Bordatella
AKA Kennel Cough Condition: A complex of viruses & bacteria Transmitted/Contracted: Can be caused by para-flu, CAV-2, distemper Symptoms: Dry hacking cough, "honking" cough, retching, watery & nasal discharge Treatment: ??? ``` Severe cases (esp in unvacc'ed dogs) can lead to pneumonia, fever, lethargy 6) Death ```
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Leptospirosis
Condition: Bacterial disease that attacks kidneys & liver Transmission/Contraction: through body fluids, eating infected tissues, or bites from infected animals (Carried by rodents, cattle, & pigs.). Zoonotic Symptoms: Lack of appetite, excessive drinking, vomiting, kidney failure Treatment: ???
31
Parvo
Condition: Virus attacks lining of small intestine. Transmission/Contracted: through contact with shit. Highly contagious. Puppies, geriatric dogs, immune-compromised dogs are most susceptible Symptoms: Vomiting, bloody diarrhea, fever, dehydration Final "P" in DHLPP vacc
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Canine Parainfluenze
Condition: dog flue Transmission: Spread through nasal discharge of infected animals - highly contagious. Symptoms: Anorexia, coughing, nasal discharge, lack of energy, fever, red/runny eyes Treatment: One of the "P" components of DHLPP vacc
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Canine Adenovirus (CAV) Types 1 (Hepatitis) & 2
Condition: Virus Transmission: Spread through contact w/urine, stool, or saliva - highly contagious. Symptoms: CAV - 1 Symptoms - Abdominal pain & vomiting CAV - 2 Symptoms - Respiratory problems, discharge from eyes & nose
34
Distemper
Condition: Virus affecting dogs between 4 mo & 4yrs Transmission: Spread through air & contact w/body fluids - Highly contagious Symptoms: dullness/redness of eyes, nasal discharge, vomiting & diarrhea, coughing, fever, loss of apetite, weight loss, seizures, "fly biting," thickening foot pads. "D" in DHLPP vacc
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DA2PP/DHPP Vaccine Includes:
1) Distemper 2) Adenovirus Type 2 3) Parainfluenze 4) Parvo Can Include: Corona Leptospirosis In areas where disease is prevalent
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Vaccine Protocol (3)
1) Starts @ 6 - 8 weeks 2) New vaccines given every 3 - 4 weeks 3) 3 - 4 vaccines given/session
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Vaccinations needed before training:
DA2PP/DHLPP Bordatello Corona Rabies
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Midlife to Senior (5)
1) 5 years - Elderly 2) Not quite as spry or energetic 3) Need to pay more attention nutrition 4) Senior dogs = 7/8 yrs + 5) Older dogs may need training as hearing, sight, or memory fail
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Maturity (Years)
1 - 4 years old
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1 Year Old
Begin to exhibit breed characteristics. | Have figured out expectations and boundaries in their home.
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2 Years Old
Eager & excitable, but can be trusted with boundaries set for them.
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3 Years Old
Easily trustworthy & less likely to break rules, but still impressionable.
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4 Years Old
Confident & Trustworthy | Enjoys learning
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Sexual Maturity
8 - 15 months old (depending on breed)
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Secondary Fear Period (4)
Age: 6 - 14 months Description: 1) Can correspond with growth spurts, sexual maturity, or replacing puppy coat w/adult coat 2) Things dogs are confident about as puppies suddenly become scary Training: Continue socialization, but don't overwhelm
46
Flight Instinct Period
Age: 4 - 8 months - lasts for several weeks during this period Description: Flight is instructional response during this period to a dangerous situation Example: Puppy chews on shoe. Parent yells and tries to take shoe away. Puppy grabs shoe & runs away
47
Fear Imprint Period
Age: 8 -11 Weeks Description: Doesn't matter if something horrible is happening if puppy believes something horrible is happening. Hard to underdo negative experiences while puppy is in fear-imprint period. Example: Owner spanks puppy during fear imprint period. Puppy will learn to be afraid of owner of dog's life.
48
Handling Nervous or Fearful Reactions
1) Do not soothe when fearful - it imprints the fearful reaction 2) Redirect attention to food or toy 3) Remove & Reintroduce to experience in smaller steps. Example: Have strangers toss food to teach that people are good.
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Optimum Socialization Period (Age)
Prior to 5 months old
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Breed groups that require more socialization. (2)
Guarding Breeds | Terrier Breeds
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Easier breed groups to socialize. (2)
Sporting Breeds | Herding Breeds
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Signs of Nervousness (5)
Face: Eyes dilated and/or whale eyes Body: Low Body Posture Hackles Up Tail: Stiff Behavior: Unwilling to take food
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Improper socialization exercises (3)
1) Dragging a reluctant puppy to center of class during basic training. 2) Forcing situation even though dog is nervous 3) Punishing puppy when he/she reacts out of fear
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Signs of Improper Socialization (5)
1) Shy and/or over reactive 2) Flinch, freeze, or withdrawn when petted 3) Easily startled 4) Fearfully aggressive w/direct eye contact or front approach, petting on top of head, shoulders, or neck (similar to threatening canine behaviors). 5) Under-socialized dogs are often confused for abused dogs
55
Proper Socialization Components (5)
1) Exposure to many situations & environments introduced @ dog's pace 2) Ensure positive experiences/avoid negative reactions 3) Desensitize dog to stimuli 4) Important not to overwhelm or overexpose - can cause negative association 5) Socialization is most important thing an owner can do to guard against aggression
56
External Parasites (5)
1) Fleas 2) Ticks 3) Mites 4) Scabies 5) Demodex
57
Signs of Stress
Face: Ears Back Pupils Dilated Corners of mouth back or rapid panting Body: Low body posture Sweating through pads Tail: Down
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Responding to a stressful dog (3)
1) Take a break - remove from situation 2) Give dog simpler task to build confidence 3) Use food to regain focus
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Playbow (4)
Face: Ears up Mouth open/tongue visibile Body: Front end lowered/butt up Tail: Up & Wagging
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Passive Submission
Face: Eyes looking away Body: Rolled onto back/exposing belly Tail: Tucked
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Causes of and Responses to Signs of Submission (Active & Passive)
1) Can be a sign of confusion about what trainer/parent wants. 2) Received too strong of a correction. 3) Senses trainer/parent is angry/tense. 4) Take a break until both & dog are relaxed
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Active Submission (8)
Face: Ears back Forehead smooth Corners of mouth back Body: Lowered body posture Groveling movements with forepaws Tail: Down/Tucked Other behaviors: Lick @ mouth of superior dog/human 1) Tail down
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Defensive Threat Posture (1)
``` Face: Ears back Pupil dilated Nose wrinkled Corner of mouth back ``` Body: Body lowered Tail: Tucked
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Responses to Defensive Threat Posture (5)
1) Avoid physical corrections 2) Practice exercises the dog can succeed at to build confidence 3) Remove dog from threat 4) Use food/reward to regain focus 5) NFLP
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Offensive Threat Posture
Face: Ears forward, nose wrinkled, corners of mouth forward Body: Stands tall & forward on toes Hackles up Tail: Up & Stiff Other behaviors: Often growls
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Responding to Offensive Threat Posture (3)
1) Avoid physical corrections - move dog away from threat 2) Teach eye contact as a non-threatening behavior 3) NFLP 4) Use treats to refocus
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Alert Body Posture
Face: Ears forward Mouth closed Body: Stand tall on toes Tail: Straight out/stiff Important to recognize alert body posture for determining behavioral threshold for training.
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Relaxed Body Posture (5)
Face: Ears up but not forward Corners of mouth relaxed or smiling Body: Head high Tail: Tail down/relaxed for breed Other behaviors: Relaxed dogs sleep with eyes shut - canines can sleep with eyes open
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Proestrus (5)
1) Period when female is attractive to male 2) Females won't allow coitus 3) Vaginal discharge 4) Swollen vulva 5) Lasts about 9 days
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Estrus (3)
1) Period when female is fertile 2) Last ~9 days 3) Ovulation starts within first 48 hours
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Heat Cycle (3)
1) Divided in 2 parts: Proestrus & Estrus 2) Happens twice/year - 5 1/2 months 3) Lasts 18 - 21 days
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Male Sexual Maturity (3)
1) Start around 6 months 2) Fully mature by 12 - 15 months 3) Sexually active for 8 - 10 years
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OFA (3)
1) Orthopedic Foundation of America 2) Reviews X-rays for dogs with dysplasia 3) Reviews dogs @ age 2.
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Hip Dysplasia
Condition: Congenital hip deformity (more frequent: in larger dogs) Symptoms: Hip pain, limp or swaying gait, difficulty rising from sitting or lying, lack of endurance Can appear as early as 4 - 9 months Treatment: Weight control, limited exercise, keeping area warm & dry Commonly develop arthritis
75
Hookworm, Roundworm, Tapeworm
Condition: Internal parasites commonly found in puppies Transmitted/Contracted: ? Symptoms: weight loss, occasional diarrhea, detected in feces
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Heartworms
Condition: Parasites Transmitted: Enter from bite of infected mosquito, and travel through bloodstream & mature in heart Can reach 12 in long Symptoms: Easily tired, chronic cough, weight loss
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Internal Parasites (4)
1) Heartworms 2) Hookworms 3) Roundworms 4) Tapeworms
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Nordic Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for rough terrain, sled pulling, pack hunting Physical description: Double coated fur insulation from heat & cold (shaving in summer could cause dog to overheat) Naturally standing ears & tails that curl Temperament: Strong work ethic Intelligent, driven, strong, & willful Training needs: Clear direction & reward markers, strong leadership Prevent nuisance behavior rather than correct ``` Examples: Akita Huskey Chow Spitz ```
79
Scenthound Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Many have foundation in France & England US breeds track prey that climbs trees Physical Description: Strong bones & well defined muscles Tend to bay when barking Temperament: Adaptable and Independent Working Dogs - Need a job Training Needs: Easily trained Begging & Digging are problem behaviors Following nose makes them independent Example: Basset Hounds Beagles Fox & Coon hounds
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Sighthound Archetype Traits
Breed Purpose/History: Among oldest domesticated dogs Physical Description: Sleek light-boned, agile, & fast Use eyes to scan for prey Temperament: Aloof personality - mistaken for stupidity (just b/c a sighthound is not looking at you doesn't mean he/she not learning) Training Needs: Do in a pattern with 2 - 3 activities, needs right reward/motivator ``` Examples: Borzoi Saluki Whippet Greyhound ```
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Breed Archetypes (11)
1) Sighthounds 2) Scenthounds 3) Mastiffs 4) Gundogs 5) Nordic 6) Terriers 7) Flock Guardians 8) Herding 9) Toys 10) Pariah 11) Mongrels
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Miscellaneous Class (2)
1) Transitionary class for breeds seeking full AKC recognition 2) Recognition requires: Nationwide interest, active parent club, expanding breeding activity
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Toy Breed Characteristics (4)
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship Physical Description: Small, variable coats & colors Delicate physiology means easily injured - keep separate from big dogs in class Temperament: Small dog w/big attitude Training Needs: Small Dog Lenience Put dogs on table/use targeting stick
84
Hound Group Characteristic
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for hunting with humans, bred to work Physical Description: Variable Temperament: Independent Nature Less pack drive/desire to please comes off as stubborn or stupid ``` Training Needs: Can become board - high focus, fewer reps High value treats NFLP Sniffing can serve as a reward ```
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Non-Sporting Group Characteristics (4)
1) Characteristics based on specific breed 2) Need strong motivation 3) Training needs: NFLP & strong leadership 4) Make better pets: not bred to hunt or work (good for experience owners)
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Herding Group Characteristics
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to heard livesstock Physical Description: Variable Temperament: High prey/chase drive (small children, objects, bikes) High pack drive - can lead to over attachment & separation anxiety Training Needs: Easily trained & bonded with humans Needs lots mental & physical activity Crate training recommended
87
Working Group Characteristics
Breed Purpose/History: Bred to work and guard Physical Description: Usually larger, well developed muscle tone Temperament: Dominant & Independent Territorial & Possessive over toys, space, people (difficult for novice owners) Independent temperament can come off as stubborn Training needs: Strong, fair, & consistent leaderhip; NFLP, lots of positive reinforcement Insensitive - makes them difficult to correct Owners must est pack order
88
Sporting Group Traits
Sporting Group: Bred for hunting Physical Description: Variable size & coat Temperament: Easily distracted - bred to notice everything Training Needs: struggle with sit-stay, down-stay, distracted by other dogs in class Spaniels & Setters are sensitive & easily corrected Retrievers are insensitive & difficult to correct Need lots of exercise - can develop barking, digging, destructiveness, or pacing
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All-American Breed
Dogs born from parents who have 3 or more breed lines
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Mixed Breed
Dogs born from parents not of the same breed, and at least one parents breed is unknown.
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American Kennel Club (4)
1) Established 9/17/1884 2) Breed standards set by individual breed clubs 3) 175 breeds 4) 7 breed groups
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Socialization Periods (3)
1) 2 - 16 Weeks - Primary Canine Socialization Period 2) 6 - 8 Weeks - Secondary Socialization Period 3) 7 - 16 Weeks - General Socialization Period
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Non-Sporting Group
Breed Purpose/History: Bred for companionship Physical Description: Variable size & coats Temperament: Breed group too diverse for a consistent temperament Usually bred for companionship, so usually make good pets Training Needs: Variable NFLP ``` Examples: Bulldogs Shar-pei Dalmation Poodle ```
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Seniority Classification & Pack Stability Socialization Period
Age: 10 - 16 weeks Social Development: Learn to compete & cope with surroundings Begin to explore, adapt, & learn place in pack/household Training Needs: Basic obedience & socialization trips Keep it fun

Dogs Training (2 decks)

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