Phase 1 Flashcards
Describe the Forensic Identification Field Assessment
The Forensic Identification Field Assessment is a pre-course involving training and an evaluation period at your home ident unit with an anticipated completion date of 3-6 months, it is used to determine your suitability for the program and will prepare the member for the forensic identification course
The Forensic Identification Apprentice training Program (FIATP) consists of how many phases?
Three phases
1 - the Forensic Identification Field Assessment
2 - The Forensic Identification Course
3 - the apprenticeship (12-18 months)
What is meant by the Forensic Identification Certification Board?
The certification board consists of 3 forensic identification specialists that with administer an oral Q and A and moot trial to determine whether or not the member is qualified to give expert opinion testimony.
Who becomes a Forensic Identification Specialist?
A member that successfully completes the 3 phases of the FIATP, passes their certification board and follow up recommendations.
Which forensic identification duty will take precedence over other forensic identification duties?
Processing crime scenes to locate evidence with take precedence
What is the policy regarding forensic examination of major crime scenes?
- There must be at least two FIS employees present on scene.
- Measurements must be taken to ensure a crime scene drawing can be completed.
- Try to be present for the investigators briefing and consider the Forensic Identification Major Crime Scene debrief (form 6028).
- The member may also use the physical evidence report (form 3407).
- For blood letting crime scenes consider contacting a Bloodstain Pattern Analyst.
What is the Forensic Identification Services policy on preparation of evidence charts to support expert testimony?
A forensic identification specialist will prepare and use an illustrative chart when tendering comparison evidence for court.
What are the permitted conclusions for physical impression evaluations (excluding friction ridge comparisons)?
- Identification - the unknown has been compared to a known source and identified to that known source.
- Exclusion - the unknown has been compared to a known source and has been determined to not have originated from the known source.
- Inconclusive - there is a lack of sufficient detail, either the unknown or known, for an exclusion or identification.
- Association of Class Characteristics - A known object is a possible source of the impression and therefore could have produced the impression or many others could have as well.
- Higher Degree of Association - the characteristics observed display a strong association between the unknown and known however the quality and/or quantity were insufficient for identification
What criteria must be met in order for a person to be lawfully fingerprinted?
- Any person who is in lawful custody, charged with or convicted of an indictable or hybrid offence unless designated under the Conventions Act.
- Charged or convicted with an offence under the Security of Informations Act.
- Anyone apprehended under the extradition act.
- Anyone compelled to appear under s.485.2(1), 500(3), 501(4), 509(5) or 515.01 of the Criminal Code.
- Anyone compelled by warrant under s. 487.092 of the Criminal Code
- Anyone in lawful custody in relation to s. 83.3 (arrest is necessary to prevent a terrorist attack) of the criminal code.
Besides fingerprinting what other processes are sanctioned by the identification of criminals act?
Obtaining photographs, fingerprints and palm impressions.
Where will you find the legal authority to obtain footwear impressions from an individual during an investigation?
Section 487.092 of the criminal code
What are the four common law requirements stipulated in R vs MOHAN (1994) 2 SCR9, in order for expert opinion evidence to be heard and accepted in court?
- Relevance - the evidence must be relevant to the case without any prejudicial effect (bring the court into disrepute). Time to obtain evidence cannot outweigh its worth.
- Assist the trier of fact - the judge or jury would not be able to reasonably come to the conclusion without the assistance of the expert.
- Absence of the exclusionary rule - evidence cannot have been o gained by breaching anyone’s charter rights.
- Properly Qualified Expert - an expert has acquired special or peculiar knowledge through study or experience in respect of the matters on which he or she undertakes to testify,
What does ISO represent in digital photography?
The ISO represents the camera’s sensitivity to light, the lower the ISO the less sensitive your camera is to light and vise versa.
What is depth of field in photography?
The depth of field is essentially the amount of your image that is in focus both in front and behind the subject. It is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects in an image judged to be in acceptance focus.
When calibrating an image using the crop method in photoshop, should you use “resampling”?
No, resampling changes the image. It will add or remove pixels therefore we do not resample.
Can a forensic identification employee use any technique and/or equipment during the course of their duties?
Forensic identification employees can only use approved IFIS techniques and chemicals, the list can be found under “IFIS approved chemical list”
What must occur when a forensic identification employee has been exposed to a biological or chemical hazard through inhalation, skin contact, ingestion or injection?
A lab 1070 and a hazardous occurrence investigation report must be completed as soon as practicable.
Can all forensic identification employees use specialized PPE equipment at CBRNE and clandestine laboratories?
Only FIS employees with the appropriate training can use the specialized PPE
What is your responsibility when working in a potentially hazardous area?
Use the appropriate PPE and continually assess the hazards. Should the scene be determined to be too hazardous or the proper PPE is not present OH&S or a subject matter expert must be consulted
What is a WHMIS label and why should hazardous material be labelled?
A WHMIS label is a label that is required on products in the workplace that meet the criteria to be classified as hazardous products. The hazardous materials need to be labeled to ensure the safety of the employees and make them aware of the products they are using and how to properly use them.
What’s is the absolute minimum information a workplace label must have according to WHMIS legislation?
The workplace label must have a product identifier (name), safe handling information and a reference to the SDS
According to WHMIS legislation, what are the labelling requirements if hazardous material is kept in a container other than its original?
Workplace labels are required when the product is made and used in that workplace. The product is decanted into another container and/or the supplier label is lost or illegible.
Under WHMIS who is responsible for labelling chemicals and chemical solutions?
The supplier is responsible, however the employer is also required to ensure all chemicals and chemical solutions are properly labelled.
What is the mechanism within the RCMP for reporting hazardous incidents and who is responsible for making the report?
A lab 1070 and a hazardous occurrence investigation report must be completed by your supervisor/FIS unit commander as so as practicable
What is a safety data sheet (SDS)?
A SDS is an information sheet provided by the manufacturer or distributor of any hazardous product found in a workplace. The label must state the products hazard l, how to safely use the product, what to expect if instructions are not followed, how to recognize symptoms of exposure and what to do if emergencies occur.
What is a fingerprint impression?
A fingerprint impression is what is left behind when your last finger joint comes into contact with the surface. The friction ridge on the skin leaves behind an impression which is a unique identifier to one person.
Who was the first European to allude to the uniqueness of the friction ridge skin?
The first European to identify the uniqueness was the German doctor Dr. J. C. A. Mayer
Who was the first person to start a fingerprint persistency study?
Sir William James Herschel
Who is often recognized by the forensic community as the “father of fingerprinting” (they were the first to publish in a scientific journal about the value of fingerprints as crime scene evidence)
Henry Faulds
What is the function of the anatomical layers?
They provide the body with a protective barrier body temperature regulation sensation, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, and the synthesis of vitamin D - Epidermis prevents water loss through evaporation acts is a receptor organ and provides a protective barrier for underlying tissues. It is also important in synthesizing vitamin D via melanocytes
- Dermis connective tissue that supports the epidermis consist of cells fibres blood vessels And gelatinous material that provides structural support and nourishment for the epidermis. The dermis is also a blood reserve and participates in sensory reception and temperature regulation
- Hypodermis consists of loose connective tissue that contains a part of adipose cells that contour the body and serve as an energy reserve fibres link all of the anatomical layers together.
Where do you find volar skin?
Underside of the hands and feet
What is the difference between volar and smooth skin?
- Smooth skin has hair and sebaceous glands
- Smooth skin lacks friction ridges
- Volar skin only has sweat glands