Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

What are the clinical signs of pharyngeal disease?

Answer 1

Stertor (stertere-to snore)
Reverse sneezing
Retching

Question 2

What is the most common disorders of the pharynx?

Answer 2

Brachycephalic airways syndrome

Elongated soft palate

Question 3

What are the diagnostic tests for larynx and pharynx disease?

Answer 3

Radiography: lateral

Laryngoscopy/pharyngoscopy

Question 4

What should be checked on laryngoscopy?

Answer 4

Under propofol, abduction of arytenoid cartilage and vocal folds
Laryngeal collapse- cuneiform process folds medially
Soft palate- normally extends to tip of epiglottis

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of laryngeal disease?

Answer 5

Slightly increased resp rate
Laboured prolonged inspiration
Stridor (high pitched wheeze)

Question 6

What is the most common disorders of the larynx?

Answer 6

Laryngeal paralysis (acute distress on chronic)
Laryngeal collapse

Question 7

What is the cause of laryngeal paralysis?

Answer 7

Generalised neuromuscular disorder- progress within 1 year

Trauma/neoplasia near recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 8

What is the management of laryngeal paralysis?

Answer 8

Cage rest + corticosteroid

Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation is the recommended initial procedure

Question 9

What are the predominant abnormalities of brachycephalic airway syndrome?

Answer 9

Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Hypoplastic trachea (Bulldog)

Eversion of laryngeal saccules
Laryngeal collapse

Question 10

What is the treatment for brachycephalic airway syndrome?

Answer 10

Correction stenotic nares (3-4 months old before clinical signs)
Correct elongated soft palate at the same time

Manage concurrent GI disease