Pharynx Flashcards
Pharynx origin
Skull base (basilar portion occipital
Pharynx insertion
Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
**IMP!!! LEVEL OF C6 !!!!!!
What 2 TYPES of muscles are featured in the pharynx?
Circular and Longitudinal mm. (wrapped in fascia)`
The pharynx is lined with ________ containing mucous glands
mucous membrane
Nasopharynx is the ___________ of nasal cavities
Posterior extension
The nasopharnx extends from the _________ to the
___________
from the SKULL BASE to the SOFT PALATE
Nasopharynx passes through 2 __________ separated by bony nasal septum
2 nasal apertures or “choanae”
Choanae are bounded laterally by _________
Nasal conchae
The auditory (eustachian or pharyngotypanic) tube is a structure belonging to which part of the pharynx?
Auditory tube is part of nasophaynx
The auditory tube is located posterior to the _____________
Tube is posterior to INFERIOR concha
What is the Torus Tubarius?
Tubus Tubarius is the CARTILAGE of the auditory tube
Where is the Torus Tubarius located in relation to the Auditory tube?
Torus Tubarius is located POSTERIOR to the auditory tube
What is the pharyngeal recess and where is it located?
Pharyngeal recess is a groove along the lateral pharyngeal wall and positioned posteriorly to the torus tubarius and salpingopharyngeal fold
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located in relation to the torus tubarius
Pharyngeal tonsil is postero-superior to torus tubarius
What is the salpingopharyngeal fold?
Salpingopharyngeal fold is a mucous membrane covering the salpingopharyngeal m.
Why is the torus tubarius not technically a “tube”?
The torus tubaris cartilage does NOT entirely close around the auditory tube….it is mostly covering posteriorly
What is the anatomical name of the posterior extension of the oral cavity?
The posterior extension of the oral cavity is the OROPHARYNX
The oropharynx spans from the ________ to the ________
Oropharynx is between the soft palate and the epiglottis
The oropharynx passes thru what 2 sets of arches LATERALLY?
Oropharynx passes thru PALATOGLOSSAL arch & PALATOPHARYNGEAL arch LATERALLY
Palatoglossal arch separates ________ & _______
Palatoglossal arch separates oral cavity and oropharynx
Palatoglossal arch is the mucosal fold over the ____________
PalatoglosSUS muscle
Palatopharyngeal arch is mucosal fold over the __________
PalatopharynGEOUS
Where is the palatine tonsil located?
Palatine tonsillar bed is between the 2 palatine arches
What is another name for the laryngeopharynx?
Hypopharynx = Laryngeopharynx
The laryngeopharynx is the posterior extension of _________
the laryngeal cavity
The Laryngeopharynx spans from the ________ to the ____________
Laryngeopharynx spans from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage
What is the spacial relationship between the laryngeopharynx and the aditus of larynx
Laryngeopharynx passes posteriorly from aditus (inlet) of larynx
What structure surrounds the laryngeopharynx?
Piriform recess surrounds laryngeopharynx
Piriform recess extends laterally to what structure?
Piriform recess extends laterally to THYROID CARTILAGE
What nerve can be found DESCENDING beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx?
Internal laryngeal n. descends beneath mucous membrane of laryngopharynx
What vessels run with the internal laryngeal n.?
Superior laryngeal v & a run (descend) with the Internal laryngeal n.
What nerve can be found ASCENDING beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx?
Recurrent Laryngeal n. ascends beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx
What vessels run with the recurrent laryngeal n.?
Inferior laryngeal v & a run with the recurrent laryngeal n.
The Superior Constrictor m. arises from what 3 structures?
- Pterygomandibular raphe
- Medial pterygoid plate
- Mandible
The superior constrictor m. meets ________ anteriorly
buccinator m.
What is the superior attachment of the superior constrictor m.
Superior constrictor m. is anchored to pharyngeal tubercle of the skull superiorly.
The middle constrictor m. arises from what two structures?
Middle Constrictor m. arises from GREATER HORN OF HYOID BONE & inferior portion of STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT
_______ & _______ pass between superior and middle constrictors mm.
STYLOPHARYNGEUS & CN IX pass between superior and middle constrictor mm.
The inferior constrictor m. arises from what two structures?
Inferior constrictor m. arises from TYROID & CRICOID CARTILAGES
Inferior constrictor m. overlaps what other muscle?
Inf. constrictor m. overlaps MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR m.
What 2 structures pass between middle & inferior constrictor mm? (then these pierce _______ )
INTERNAL LARYNGEAL N. & SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL A. pass between middle & inferior constrictor mm (then these pierce THYROID MEMBRANE)
Stylopharyngeus m. arises from what structure?
Stylopharyngeus m. arises from STYLOID PROCESS
Stylopharyngeus m descends to attach/blend with what structure?
Stylopharyngeus m. desends to attach/blend with fibes of LOWER CONSTRICTOR mm.
Salpingopharyngeus m. arises/originates from what structure?
Salpingopharyngyeus m. arises/originates from the AUDITORY TUBE
Salpingopharyngeus m. descends to blend/insert with fibers of what structure?
Salpingopharyngeus m. descends to blens/insert with fibers of PALATOPHARYNGEUS m.
Salpingopharyngeus m. is covered by ________
Covered by SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL FOLD of mucosa
Parasympathetic path to the lacrimal gland
VII –> Greater petrosal –> vidian –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> postsynapic fibers to maxillary nerve –> inferior orbital fissure –> w/ zygomatic nerve –> zygomaticotemporal –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve
Parasympathetic path to the lacrimal gland
VII –> Greater petrosal –> vidian –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> postsynapic fibers to maxillary nerve –> inferior orbital fissure –> w/ zygomatic nerve –> zygomaticotemporal –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve
Attachments to torus tubarius
tensor veli palatine (anterior) and salpingopharyngeus on posterior side
Attachments to torus tubarius
tensor veli palatine (anterior) and salpingopharyngeus on posterior side
Vessels and nerves of the laryngopharynx
Internal laryngeal n. – descends beneath mucous membrane
• Superior laryngeal vessels – run with internal laryngeal n.
• Recurrent laryngeal n. – ascends beneath mucous membrane
• Inferior laryngeal vessels – run with recurrent laryngeal n.
Vessels and nerves of the laryngopharynx
Internal laryngeal n. – descends beneath mucous membrane
• Superior laryngeal vessels – run with internal laryngeal n.
• Recurrent laryngeal n. – ascends beneath mucous membrane
• Inferior laryngeal vessels – run with recurrent laryngeal n.
Branches of the inferior vagal ganglion (X) to larynx
Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve (splits to internal/external)
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (splits to inferior laryngeal nerve
Branches of the inferior vagal ganglion (X) to larynx
Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve (splits to internal/external)
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (splits to inferior laryngeal nerve
Vessels/nerves that pierce the thyrohyoid membrane
Superior laryngeal artery (br of Superior thyroid) and vein
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Vessels/nerves that pierce the thyrohyoid membrane
Superior laryngeal artery (br of Superior thyroid) and vein
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Superior constrictor m attachments
Arises from pterygomandibular raphe & medial pterygoid plate and mandible
Meets buccintar m anteriorly at pterygomandibular raphe
Posteriorly it meets itself to make the pharyngeal raphe and is anchored superiorly by the pharngeal tubercle
Superior constrictor m attachments
Arises from pterygomandibular raphe & medial pterygoid plate and mandible
Meets buccintar m anteriorly at pterygomandibular raphe
Posteriorly it meets itself to make the pharyngeal raphe and is anchored superiorly by the pharngeal tubercle
Middle constrictor m attachments
Arises from greater horn of hyoid bone & inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament
Middle constrictor m attachments
Arises from greater horn of hyoid bone & inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament
What passes between the middle and inferior constrictor mm to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
Internal laryngeal n. & Superior laryngeal a
What passes between the middle and inferior constrictor mm to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
Internal laryngeal n. & Superior laryngeal a
What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?
Mostly ascending pharyngeal & superior thyroid aa. (brs. of ECA)
Also branches of facial & maxillary aa (brs of ECA)
What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?
Mostly ascending pharyngeal & superior thyroid aa. (brs. of ECA)
Also branches of facial & maxillary aa (brs of ECA)
Describe the venous drainage of the pharynx
Mostly pharyngeal plexus (external & internal plexuses surrounding constrictor mm)
anastomoses with pterygoid plexus, superior thyroid, lingual, facial & IJV
Describe the venous drainage of the pharynx
Mostly pharyngeal plexus (external & internal plexuses surrounding constrictor mm)
anastomoses with pterygoid plexus, superior thyroid, lingual, facial & IJV
What is the innervation of the pharynx (sensory, motor, and sympathetic)?
Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
X- motor to pharyngeal mm
IX - motor to stylopharyngeus AND sensory to pharynx
What is the innervation of the pharynx (sensory, motor, and sympathetic)?
Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
X- motor to pharyngeal mm
IX - motor to stylopharyngeus AND sensory to pharynx
What results from damage to sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx?
Motor: dsphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Sensory: loss of gagging reflex
What results from damage to sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx?
Motor: dsphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Sensory: loss of gagging reflex
What is the response (and cause of response) of objects trapped in the piriform recess?
Severe coughing from stimulation of int/rec. laryngeal nn
What is the response (and cause of response) of objects trapped in the piriform recess?
Severe coughing from stimulation of int/rec. laryngeal nn
What passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor mm.?
Stylopharyngeus m & CN IX pass between supr. & middle constrictor mm.
What passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor mm.?
Stylopharyngeus m & CN IX pass between supr. & middle constrictor mm.
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. attachments
O: Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages (anterior)
I: Pharyngeal Raphe (posterior)
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. attachments
O: Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages (anterior)
I: Pharyngeal Raphe (posterior)
