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Pharynx Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pharynx origin

A

Skull base (basilar portion occipital

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2
Q

Pharynx insertion

A

Inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

**IMP!!! LEVEL OF C6 !!!!!!

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3
Q

What 2 TYPES of muscles are featured in the pharynx?

A

Circular and Longitudinal mm. (wrapped in fascia)`

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4
Q

The pharynx is lined with ________ containing mucous glands

A

mucous membrane

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5
Q

Nasopharynx is the ___________ of nasal cavities

A

Posterior extension

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6
Q

The nasopharnx extends from the _________ to the

___________

A

from the SKULL BASE to the SOFT PALATE

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7
Q

Nasopharynx passes through 2 __________ separated by bony nasal septum

A

2 nasal apertures or “choanae”

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8
Q

Choanae are bounded laterally by _________

A

Nasal conchae

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9
Q

The auditory (eustachian or pharyngotypanic) tube is a structure belonging to which part of the pharynx?

A

Auditory tube is part of nasophaynx

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10
Q

The auditory tube is located posterior to the _____________

A

Tube is posterior to INFERIOR concha

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11
Q

What is the Torus Tubarius?

A

Tubus Tubarius is the CARTILAGE of the auditory tube

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12
Q

Where is the Torus Tubarius located in relation to the Auditory tube?

A

Torus Tubarius is located POSTERIOR to the auditory tube

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13
Q

What is the pharyngeal recess and where is it located?

A

Pharyngeal recess is a groove along the lateral pharyngeal wall and positioned posteriorly to the torus tubarius and salpingopharyngeal fold

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14
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil located in relation to the torus tubarius

A

Pharyngeal tonsil is postero-superior to torus tubarius

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15
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold is a mucous membrane covering the salpingopharyngeal m.

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16
Q

Why is the torus tubarius not technically a “tube”?

A

The torus tubaris cartilage does NOT entirely close around the auditory tube….it is mostly covering posteriorly

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17
Q

What is the anatomical name of the posterior extension of the oral cavity?

A

The posterior extension of the oral cavity is the OROPHARYNX

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18
Q

The oropharynx spans from the ________ to the ________

A

Oropharynx is between the soft palate and the epiglottis

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19
Q

The oropharynx passes thru what 2 sets of arches LATERALLY?

A

Oropharynx passes thru PALATOGLOSSAL arch & PALATOPHARYNGEAL arch LATERALLY

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20
Q

Palatoglossal arch separates ________ & _______

A

Palatoglossal arch separates oral cavity and oropharynx

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21
Q

Palatoglossal arch is the mucosal fold over the ____________

A

PalatoglosSUS muscle

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22
Q

Palatopharyngeal arch is mucosal fold over the __________

A

PalatopharynGEOUS

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23
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

A

Palatine tonsillar bed is between the 2 palatine arches

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24
Q

What is another name for the laryngeopharynx?

A

Hypopharynx = Laryngeopharynx

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25
Q

The laryngeopharynx is the posterior extension of _________

A

the laryngeal cavity

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26
Q

The Laryngeopharynx spans from the ________ to the ____________

A

Laryngeopharynx spans from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage

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27
Q

What is the spacial relationship between the laryngeopharynx and the aditus of larynx

A

Laryngeopharynx passes posteriorly from aditus (inlet) of larynx

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28
Q

What structure surrounds the laryngeopharynx?

A

Piriform recess surrounds laryngeopharynx

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29
Q

Piriform recess extends laterally to what structure?

A

Piriform recess extends laterally to THYROID CARTILAGE

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30
Q

What nerve can be found DESCENDING beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx?

A

Internal laryngeal n. descends beneath mucous membrane of laryngopharynx

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31
Q

What vessels run with the internal laryngeal n.?

A

Superior laryngeal v & a run (descend) with the Internal laryngeal n.

32
Q

What nerve can be found ASCENDING beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal n. ascends beneath the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx

33
Q

What vessels run with the recurrent laryngeal n.?

A

Inferior laryngeal v & a run with the recurrent laryngeal n.

34
Q

The Superior Constrictor m. arises from what 3 structures?

A
  1. Pterygomandibular raphe
  2. Medial pterygoid plate
  3. Mandible
35
Q

The superior constrictor m. meets ________ anteriorly

A

buccinator m.

36
Q

What is the superior attachment of the superior constrictor m.

A

Superior constrictor m. is anchored to pharyngeal tubercle of the skull superiorly.

37
Q

The middle constrictor m. arises from what two structures?

A

Middle Constrictor m. arises from GREATER HORN OF HYOID BONE & inferior portion of STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT

38
Q

_______ & _______ pass between superior and middle constrictors mm.

A

STYLOPHARYNGEUS & CN IX pass between superior and middle constrictor mm.

39
Q

The inferior constrictor m. arises from what two structures?

A

Inferior constrictor m. arises from TYROID & CRICOID CARTILAGES

40
Q

Inferior constrictor m. overlaps what other muscle?

A

Inf. constrictor m. overlaps MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR m.

41
Q

What 2 structures pass between middle & inferior constrictor mm? (then these pierce _______ )

A

INTERNAL LARYNGEAL N. & SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL A. pass between middle & inferior constrictor mm (then these pierce THYROID MEMBRANE)

42
Q

Stylopharyngeus m. arises from what structure?

A

Stylopharyngeus m. arises from STYLOID PROCESS

43
Q

Stylopharyngeus m descends to attach/blend with what structure?

A

Stylopharyngeus m. desends to attach/blend with fibes of LOWER CONSTRICTOR mm.

44
Q

Salpingopharyngeus m. arises/originates from what structure?

A

Salpingopharyngyeus m. arises/originates from the AUDITORY TUBE

45
Q

Salpingopharyngeus m. descends to blend/insert with fibers of what structure?

A

Salpingopharyngeus m. descends to blens/insert with fibers of PALATOPHARYNGEUS m.

46
Q

Salpingopharyngeus m. is covered by ________

A

Covered by SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL FOLD of mucosa

47
Q

Parasympathetic path to the lacrimal gland

A

VII –> Greater petrosal –> vidian –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> postsynapic fibers to maxillary nerve –> inferior orbital fissure –> w/ zygomatic nerve –> zygomaticotemporal –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve

47
Q

Parasympathetic path to the lacrimal gland

A

VII –> Greater petrosal –> vidian –> pterygopalatine ganglion –> postsynapic fibers to maxillary nerve –> inferior orbital fissure –> w/ zygomatic nerve –> zygomaticotemporal –> communicating branch –> lacrimal nerve

48
Q

Attachments to torus tubarius

A

tensor veli palatine (anterior) and salpingopharyngeus on posterior side

48
Q

Attachments to torus tubarius

A

tensor veli palatine (anterior) and salpingopharyngeus on posterior side

49
Q

Vessels and nerves of the laryngopharynx

A

Internal laryngeal n. – descends beneath mucous membrane
• Superior laryngeal vessels – run with internal laryngeal n.
• Recurrent laryngeal n. – ascends beneath mucous membrane
• Inferior laryngeal vessels – run with recurrent laryngeal n.

49
Q

Vessels and nerves of the laryngopharynx

A

Internal laryngeal n. – descends beneath mucous membrane
• Superior laryngeal vessels – run with internal laryngeal n.
• Recurrent laryngeal n. – ascends beneath mucous membrane
• Inferior laryngeal vessels – run with recurrent laryngeal n.

50
Q

Branches of the inferior vagal ganglion (X) to larynx

A

Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve (splits to internal/external)
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (splits to inferior laryngeal nerve

50
Q

Branches of the inferior vagal ganglion (X) to larynx

A

Pharyngeal branch
Superior laryngeal nerve (splits to internal/external)
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve (splits to inferior laryngeal nerve

51
Q

Vessels/nerves that pierce the thyrohyoid membrane

A

Superior laryngeal artery (br of Superior thyroid) and vein

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

51
Q

Vessels/nerves that pierce the thyrohyoid membrane

A

Superior laryngeal artery (br of Superior thyroid) and vein

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

52
Q

Superior constrictor m attachments

A

Arises from pterygomandibular raphe & medial pterygoid plate and mandible
Meets buccintar m anteriorly at pterygomandibular raphe
Posteriorly it meets itself to make the pharyngeal raphe and is anchored superiorly by the pharngeal tubercle

52
Q

Superior constrictor m attachments

A

Arises from pterygomandibular raphe & medial pterygoid plate and mandible
Meets buccintar m anteriorly at pterygomandibular raphe
Posteriorly it meets itself to make the pharyngeal raphe and is anchored superiorly by the pharngeal tubercle

53
Q

Middle constrictor m attachments

A

Arises from greater horn of hyoid bone & inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament

53
Q

Middle constrictor m attachments

A

Arises from greater horn of hyoid bone & inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament

54
Q

What passes between the middle and inferior constrictor mm to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal n. & Superior laryngeal a

54
Q

What passes between the middle and inferior constrictor mm to pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Internal laryngeal n. & Superior laryngeal a

55
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?

A

Mostly ascending pharyngeal & superior thyroid aa. (brs. of ECA)
Also branches of facial & maxillary aa (brs of ECA)

55
Q

What is the arterial supply to the pharynx?

A

Mostly ascending pharyngeal & superior thyroid aa. (brs. of ECA)
Also branches of facial & maxillary aa (brs of ECA)

56
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the pharynx

A

Mostly pharyngeal plexus (external & internal plexuses surrounding constrictor mm)
anastomoses with pterygoid plexus, superior thyroid, lingual, facial & IJV

56
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the pharynx

A

Mostly pharyngeal plexus (external & internal plexuses surrounding constrictor mm)
anastomoses with pterygoid plexus, superior thyroid, lingual, facial & IJV

57
Q

What is the innervation of the pharynx (sensory, motor, and sympathetic)?

A

Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
X- motor to pharyngeal mm
IX - motor to stylopharyngeus AND sensory to pharynx

57
Q

What is the innervation of the pharynx (sensory, motor, and sympathetic)?

A

Superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic)
X- motor to pharyngeal mm
IX - motor to stylopharyngeus AND sensory to pharynx

58
Q

What results from damage to sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

Motor: dsphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Sensory: loss of gagging reflex

58
Q

What results from damage to sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

Motor: dsphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Sensory: loss of gagging reflex

59
Q

What is the response (and cause of response) of objects trapped in the piriform recess?

A

Severe coughing from stimulation of int/rec. laryngeal nn

59
Q

What is the response (and cause of response) of objects trapped in the piriform recess?

A

Severe coughing from stimulation of int/rec. laryngeal nn

60
Q

What passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor mm.?

A

Stylopharyngeus m & CN IX pass between supr. & middle constrictor mm.

60
Q

What passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor mm.?

A

Stylopharyngeus m & CN IX pass between supr. & middle constrictor mm.

61
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. attachments

A

O: Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages (anterior)
I: Pharyngeal Raphe (posterior)

61
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. attachments

A

O: Thyroid and Cricoid Cartilages (anterior)
I: Pharyngeal Raphe (posterior)

Oral Biology (5 decks)

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