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H&N Anatomy > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx is at the _____ of the branchial/pharyngeal apparatus used as a respiratory organ in ____ & ________

A

core
fish
vertebrates

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2
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A
  • serves as a conduit for air introduced via nasal & oral cavity
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3
Q

What are the advantages of introducing air via the nasal cavity?

A
  • warming
  • clearance of particles
  • humidification
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4
Q

What are some key points about the pharynx?

A
  • FIBROMUSCULAR tube w/ a muscular layer at the core & fibrous membranes in pts where the muscle is incomplete
  • mostly made of circular muscle layer (pharyngeal constrictors) & longitudinal muscles (suspend & pull up pharynx during swallowing)
  • initial part of both respiratory & digestive systems
  • functional & anatomical relation w. larynx
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5
Q

What is the function of longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

suspend & pull up pharynx during swallowing

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6
Q

What is the difference b/w the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx vs those in oesophagus?

A

transverse & longitudinal muscles in oesophagus –> peristalsis

longitudinal muscles in pharynx –> only displace pharynx

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7
Q

What is a disadvantage of the positioning of the pharynx?

A

due to its position –> lodging of foreign bodies may occur (esp children)

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of the communication of the pharynx w/ the larynx via the laryngeal inlet? What is the protective mechanism for this?

A
  • food may enter airways –> thus larynx acts as a sphincteric device
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9
Q

Describe the embryological origin of the pharynx.

A
  • pharynx & respiratory tree strongly associated bc larynx & tracheobronchial tree develop form respiratory bud in the floor of primordial pharynx w/ the laryngotracheal groove
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10
Q

What are the borders of the pharynx?

A

from base of skull to C6

anterior wall = largely incomplete due to communication w/ nasal & oral cavity

anterior to pharynx –> larynx (they’re in communication)

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11
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

A
  1. NASOpharynx
  2. OROpharynx
  3. LARYNGO/HYPO-pharynx
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12
Q

Why are aryepiglottic folds called “folds”?

A

bc they’re covered by mucosa

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13
Q

What are the pyriform fossae?

A

2 depressions of laryngopharynx
when food is swallowed –> it goes in the fossae

(usually food gets stuck here)

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the pyriform fossae?

A
  • Superior: hyoid
  • Medial: aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid, cricoid cartilage
  • Lateral: thyrohyoid membrane
  • Inferior: inferior border of cricoid “
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15
Q

Deep to the pyriform fossae, we find branches of the _________ nerves. Damage to them may cause _______.

A

LARYNGEAL

DYSPHONIA

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16
Q

Aryepiglottic folds act as ramparts, what is the significance of this?

A

passage of food away from larynx in pyriform fossae on either side of epiglottic along the gutter is favoured by ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLDS –> act as ramparts

also corniciate & cuneiform cartilages of larynx provide support & stuffiness to the rampart

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17
Q

Describe the fascial components of the pharynx & their function.

A 
function = cover incomplete part of pharynx (w. no muscles) 
fascia is attached to base of skull --> extends down & splits in 2 compartments
  1. PHARYNGOBASILAR fascia
    - inner most (lines inner surf of muscles)
    - thick
  2. BUCCOPHARYNGEAL fascia
    - outermost (covers muscle layer from outside)
    - thin

From outside: buccopharyngeal fascia –> muscles –> pharyngobasilar fascia –> mucosa

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18
Q

The inferior part of inferior ______ muscle of pharynx acts as the ______ esophageal _______

A

constrictor
upper
sphincter

19
Q

The pharyngeal raphe attaches to the pharyngeal _______ on the occipital bone, petrous portion of temporal, ______ ________ process & hamulus

A

tubercle

medial pterygoid

20
Q

Which structures do the muscles of the pharynx laterally attach to?

A
  1. pterygomandibular raphe
  2. hyoid bone
  3. oblique line of thyroid cartilage
21
Q

What is unique about the skeletal muscles of the pharynx?

A

of branchiomeric origin –> so are skeletal but involuntary/ autonomic innervation

22
Q

What are the 2 main divisions of pharyngeal muscles?

A
  1. Constrictor

2. Longitudinal

23
Q

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx + their function.

A
24
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of: SUPERIOR CONSTRICTOR.

A
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Function:
  • Innervation:
25
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of: MIDDLE CONSTRICTOR.

A
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Function:
  • Innervation:
26
Q

Origin, Insertion, Function, Innervation of: INFERIOR CONSTRICTOR.

A
  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Function:
  • Innervation:
27
Q

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx + their function.

A
28
Q

Origin & Insertion of: STYLOPHARYNGEUS.

A
  • Origin:

- Insertion:

29
Q

Origin & Insertion of: SALPINGOPHARYNGEUS.

A
  • Origin:

- Insertion:

30
Q

Origin & Insertion of: PALATOPHARYNGEUS.

A
  • Origin:

- Insertion:

31
Q

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

A
  1. oral
  2. pharyngeal
  3. esophageal
32
Q

Describe the process of chewing.

A
33
Q

Describe the 1st/oral phase of swallowing.

A
34
Q

Describe the 2nd/pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

A
35
Q

Describe the 3rd/esophageal phase of swallowing.

A
36
Q

Borders of the NASOPHARYNX.

A
37
Q

Borders of the OROPHARYNX.

A
38
Q

Borders of the LARYNGO/HYPO-PHARYNX.

A
39
Q

Describe the mucosa of the pharyngeal wall.

A
40
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A
41
Q

Why must enlarged adenoids be removed?

A

they obstruct the passage of air thru the nose

42
Q

What may result from nasopharyngeal infection (due to its communication w/ the middle ear)

A

OTITIS MEDIA

media = middle ear

43
Q

What is pharyngeal diverticulum caused by? What may it result in?

A

herniation of pharyngeal mucosa b/w thyropharyngeal & cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor muscle when they constrict at the same time

results in DYSPHAGIA & INFLAMMATION when food gets stuck there

H&N Anatomy (5 decks)

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