Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drug Cards > PharmTest3 > Flashcards

PharmTest3 Flashcards

1
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

Renen-Angeotension antagonist (ACE inhibitor)

HTN, CHF

Contraindications: renal disease. Caution with pregnancy

AE: Angioedema

Nursing: Hyperkalemia, first dose effect. DRY COUGH (Stop and switch). Take 1hr before meal or 2 hr after.

Monitor Renal and K+. Monitor Diuretics and ACE inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

ARB- Block Angiotension II
Prevents vasoconstiction

Nursing: NO COUGH- med of choice for switching from ACE.
No grapefruit juice
No pregnancy

AE: Throbocytopenia, angeioedema, rhabdo, hyperkalemia

Monitor: Clay colored stools, dark urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

A

Thiazide Diuretics- Early distal tubule.

Contraindications: GFR <25, Lupus, sulfide allergy, gout

SE: Hypokalemia/ Hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hypomagnesia,

Hyperglucemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia

Nursing: Plan around dosing. Encourage fluid intake. Monitor electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop Diuretic (Loop of henley)

Contraindications: Anuria in CRF

SE: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hypomagnesia

Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia

Ototoxicity,

Nursing: Administer IV slowly, monitor BP, I&O, check potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

A

Potassium Sparing- can give with other diuretics. Manages edema and HTN

SE: Hyponatremia, Hypovolemia, HYPERKALEMIA

Nursing: Warn patient of intake of potassium. (Salt substitutes) Encourage fluid intake. Fatal if combined with K+ supplements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Osmotic Diruetic

-Increases plasma osmolarity, glomerular filtration, tubular fluid. (Front of Nephron)

Inhibits reabsorption of H2O

Use with: ARF, Increased intraocular pressure.

Contraindications: Anemia, Pulmonary edema, bleeding. ANURIA (CKD)

Nursing: Check for crystallization

SE: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hypomagnesia,

Hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia

SE: CHF, dizziness, GI problem

Nursing: Warm and give with filter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors- (Weak) Inhibits bicarb reabsorption

Use: Glaucoma, hydrocephalus, Petit mal seizure, OD of ASA & phenobarbitol

SE: Hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hypokalemia,
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Nursing: Monitor blood work- may have to give QOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S Hypovolemia

A

Excessive thirst: Check B/p
Oliguria
Hypotension
Dry skin and mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S/s Hyponatremia

A
  • Anxiety
  • Increased thirst
  • Drowsiness, confusion, stupor
  • Muscle weakness, twitching, convulsions
  • ABD cramps
  • Oliguria
  • Hypotension/tachycardia
  • Difficult to correct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/s of hypokalemia

A
  • Increased thirst (Hypo anything= thirst)
  • Muscle cramps or pain
  • Flaccid paralysis or tetany
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Cardiac arrhytmia
  • lethargy, depression, irritability, confusion
  • Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

S/s HYPERkalemia

A
  • Mental confusion/anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Weakness/heaviness
  • Paresthesia (tingling/pricklies)
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • Slow, shallow respiration
  • Hypertonic muscles, tenany, convusions,
  • Arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal B/P

A

<80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Prehypertension

A

120-139/80-89

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HTN Stage 1

A

140-159/90-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HTN Stage 2

A

> 160/>100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Essential HTN

A

Primary- predestined to have this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary HTN

A

Caused by another disease or condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Essential HTN factors

A
  • Heredity
  • Sodium
  • Smoking-
  • Type A stressful
  • Stress
  • Atherosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary

A

Pheochromocytoma- tumor of adrenal medulla

  • Coarctation of the Aorta
  • Preeclampsia

All of these are reversible with medical treatment (or having baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Major organs affected by HTN

A

Eyes, brain, heart, kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Step 1 HTN protocol

A

Use of single agent if P/P 140/90 for 3-6 mo

  • diuretic
  • Ace
  • Beta Blocker
  • Alpha adrenergic agonist
  • alpha-adrenergic blocker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Step 2 of HTN protocol

A

Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors

  • direct-acting vasodialators
  • Calcium channel blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Step 3 of HTN

A

Increase drug dose
Try another drug
Add another drug from a different class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Step 4 of HTN

A

MOAR DRUGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Propanolol (Inderal)

A

Beta Blocker
-Decreases peripheral resistance
- Reduced plasma renin activity
Tx: Afib, aflutter, tacy, narrow angle glaucoma, angina, PTSD

Contraindication (Beta Blocker)
-Cardiac failure, bradycardia, asthma and COPD, ^Hypoglycemia

Nursing- Check BP and P, do not discontinue suddenly. Prolongs life in MI. May

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

Alpha Adrenergic Blocker

Decreases sympathetic outflow

Contraindications: Pregnancy, tricyclic antidepressant

AE: Dry mouth, dizziness, sedation, n/v decreased HR and BP

Nursing: take at night, do not take with cold medication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

Vasodialator- diates arterioles without affecting sympathetic nervous system or adrenergic receptors

-Peripheral vasodialation

AE: triggers reflex tachyardia, and may require a beta blocker

Nursing: Give with Vit B6 to counteract peripheral neuritis

May cause Lupus (Rash, fatigue, swollen joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nitroprusside (Nipride)

A

Direct acting vasodilator

May trigger Reflex Tachycardia (BBlocker)

EMERGENT SITUATION ONLY

AE: Draw levels to monitor cyanide poisoning,

Nursing: Monitor for red venous blood, dyspnea, confusion (Cyanide poisoning)

Light sensitive, brown bag it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Drugs triggering reflex Tacycardia

A

Nitroprusside (Nipride)

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cadiac Impulse Follows…

A
  • SA Node
  • AV Node
  • Bundle of HIS
  • Bundle Branches
  • Purkinje Fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Quinidine

A

Class IA Antiarrhythmic

Slows conduction, prolongs repolarization. Bidirectional block

Tx: Atrial fibrillation, Atrial flutter

Contra: Myasthenia gravis, severe heart conditions

Nursing: give without food, monitor ECG, Monitor K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Amiodarone (Pacerone, Cardarone)

A

Class III Antiarrrhythmic/ Calcium Channel blocker

Use: ONLY life-threatening arrhythmias

Contraindication: 2-3rd heart block, pregnancy

AE: Pulmonarytoxicity, ^^arrythmia, liver disease

Drug interactions: Digoxin, flecainide, warfarin, grapefruit juice

Nursing: Take with food, notify physician for cough or SOB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Verapamil (Calan)

A

Calcium Channel Blocker
(Bidirectional block)

Effect: slow HR, Decrease BP

Use: Cardiac arrthmia, angina, htn

Contra: Depressed cardiac function, 2-3rd heard block, CHF, shock

Adverse: constipation

Nursing: Light sensitive, give with dig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Vasodialator: relaxes vascular smooth muscle (ARTERIAL AND VENOUS)

  • decreased preload
  • Decreased O2 demand

Use: CHF and angina

SE: Headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, burning or tingling, dematitis

Nursing: Light sensitive, lie down during tx, Nitrates: 10/24 hr must be without nitrite application

36
Q

Digoxin

A

Slows and strengthens heart beats
Contractility up, hr down, conductivity down

AE: cardiac toxicity, hypokalemia, hyper calcemia,
TX: CHF and cardiac arrhythmias.

Nursing: Range 0.5-2ng/ml. If toxicity results from hypokalemia, give K+

37
Q

Digitoxicity

A

GI: Anorexia, n/v
Neurological- H/a, restlessness, confusion, blurred vision, halos around lifghts.

Cardiac- Atrial arrhytmia, ventricular arrhtymia, SA block, heart block, bradycardia

ANTIDOTE: DIGIBIND

38
Q

Nesiritide (Natrecor)

A

Treats: CHF. Use with acute, decompensate HF

Contra: cardiogenic shock, Low BP.

AE: Low bp, cramps, Increased creatinine

Nursing: Monitor closely (ICU) ecg, and BP.

39
Q

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate (Kayexalate)

A

Use: Potassium-removing drug for kyperkalemia

Contra: Pts who cannot tolerate increased salt intake

AE:Hypokalemia, constipation

Interactions: Do not give with antacids, laxatives

Nursing: If giving as enema, give cleansing enema first

Monitor serum potassium and ECG

40
Q

Clotting: Intrensic

A

Initiated by injury to the epithelial lining of the blood vesses

41
Q

Clotting: Extrensic

A

Traumato the vascular wall or to tissues outside the blood vessel

42
Q

Vitamin K

A
  • Fat soluble
  • Made by E-coli in gut
  • stored in liver
  • ABT that kills ecoli can affect production
43
Q

Heparin Sodium

A

Low dose: inactivates factor X
High Dose: prevents fibrinogen to fibrin

Lasts: 4-6 hr

Indications: pre/post op, DIC, Thrombus, emboli, Management of MI and ischemis stroke

Nursing: Do not mix, double check dose. HOLD platelets under 100k

may give during pregnancy

44
Q

Normal clotting time

A

30-40sec

45
Q

APPT

A

45-80sec

46
Q

Antidote to Heparin

A

Protamine Sulfate (Give slow)

47
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Inhibits Vit K

Half life 36 hours, takes time to build up. PROTEIN BOUND.

Tx:DVT, PE, acute MI

Multiple drug interactions. PREG CAT X

Nursing: educaton, minimize bleeding, avoid trauma, avoid leafy greens in excess

48
Q

PT Goal

A

13-30

49
Q

INR goal

A

2-3

50
Q

Coumadin antidote

A

Vitamin K

51
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation in arteries

CI: active bleeding.

Interactions: many

Monitor: plt, wbc, bleeding time

52
Q

Alteplase

A

Breaks up blood clots in emergent situations: MI, Ischemic stroke, PE

CI: Internal bleeding, HTN Recent pregnancy

Nursing: Monitor APTT and PT

Antidote: Amicar

53
Q

Aminocarproic acid (Amicar)

A

Tx life threatening bleeding

Confirm DIC with lab testing

Nursing: monitor for emboli and arrythmia

54
Q

Pentoxifylline (Trental)

A

Improved microcirculation by increasing flexibility of RBC. Reduces blood viscosity.

Use: Symptomatic PVD and claudication

AE: Tachycardia

55
Q

Recommended total cholesterol

A

Total— below 200mg/dl

56
Q

Recommended LDl cholesterol

A

LDL—below 130

57
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Bile acid Sequesterants: inhibits bile reabsorption

Treats: Elevated cholesterol, loose stool, works in GI tract

Education: Takes several weeks to kick in. Monitor liver enzymes. Watch for jaundice, dark urine, clay colered stools

58
Q

Nicotinic Acid (Niacin)

A

Vitamin B3

Reduces coronary events

Lowers LDL, lowers Triglycerides, raises HDL

Contra: Hepatic dysfunction, peptic ulcer, hypotension, gout,

Education: causes flushing

59
Q

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

A

HMG-CoA reductase that stimulates cholesterol production

High first past effect. High protein bound.

Contraindication: Liver disease, pregnancy, breastfeeding

AE: Muscle and joint aches, myopathy, Rhabdo

Nursing: LFT, monitor liver issues. Take at night

60
Q

Neoplasm

A

Any new tissue growth in which the growth is uncontrolled or progressive

61
Q

Five stages of CA

A 
G1- presyntheis
S- Synthesis
G2- postsynthetic phase
M-Mitosis
G0-resting
62
Q

Gompertzian Kinetics

A

Cancer cells lack of normal regulating factors leading to abnormal growth

63
Q

Due to their growth rate, these cells are also highly susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs

A

Bone marrow
Hair follicles
GI Epithelium cells

64
Q

Desseminated Cancers

A

Leukemia, lymphoma

Have high growth rate and respond well to chemo

65
Q

Managing Neutropenia in a chemo patient

A

Sanitation
Isolation
Monitor WBC
Administer Neupogen

66
Q

Managing Hyperuricemia

A

Avoid purines

Administer Allopurinol

67
Q

Fluorouacil (5-FU)

A

S Cycle. Acts like thiamine deficiency

TX: Solid tumors like bladder, breast, prostate, pancreatic

Contra: poor nutritional status, decreased bone marrow, serious infection

AE: Allopecia, photosensitivity,

Education: Monitor CBC, myleosuppression, loss of hair, oral care

68
Q

Vincristine (Oncovin)

A

M phase

Treats: Lung, breast, cervical,

NEVER GIVE INTRATHECALLY

CI: Charcot-marie-tooth

AE: Tissue necrosis after extravation. neurotoxic effects, paralytic illeous

Nursing: Light sensitive, monitor site, use splash guard

69
Q

Etoposide (Vepesid)

A

Mandrake plant

Treats: Testicular tumors, lung ca, lymphoma, Hodgkins

SE: Myelosuppression, neuropathcy, dyspnea and bronchospasm when too fast. Kills babies

Nursing; causes metallic taste, monitor cbc

70
Q

Paclitaxel (Taxol)

A

G2 stage

“22 Micron in line filter”

Tx: ovarian and breast ca, kaposi’s sarcoma

SE: Certain alopecia, cardiotoxicity, extravasation

Nursing: Anaphalaxsis 10%. Give steroids, benedryl, H2blocker, MUST DO

71
Q

Cyclophoshamide (Cytoxan)

A

Mustard gas- non specific

Patient teaching: Vigerous hydration and diuresis, 10-12 glasses of water/day

Contra: bone depression, infx, nursing and pregnancy

AE: cystitis

Safety: obtain Ht and weight to determine dose

72
Q

Carmustine (BCNU)

A

Nonspecific

Tx: Brain tumors, malignant melanoma

AE: Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Monitor PFT

CI: poor pulmonary function

Nursing: Give slowly, place in glass

73
Q

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

A

Inhibits DNA and RNA

Fights solid tumors. (S cycle)

AE: Irreversable mypopathy, turns urine and tears red and pink. Alopecia

74
Q

Prednisone-Dexamethosone (Decadron)

A

Corticosteroid

Tx: breast CA and lymphocytic proliferations

SE: fluid/electrolyte imbalance, diabetes, peptic ulcer

CI: fungal infections

Education: Give with food, do not stop suddenly,

75
Q

Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

A

Estrogen blocker

Tx: Advanced CA

SE: Chemically induced menopause, hypercalcemia

Teaching: Manage s/e of menopause, avoid calcium suppliments, stay away from spice, possible risk endometrial cancer

76
Q

Interferon alfa-2a (Rofron-a)

A

Antiviral, antiproliferation, cytotoxic properties,

Tx: Hairy leykemia, bladder ca, Kaposi’s sarcoma

SE: Flu, cardio/neurotoxicity

77
Q

Allopurninol (Zyloprim)

A

Prevents uric acid production

Tx: Gout

AE: Itch, rash (Serious)

Nursing: Diet limitation, increase fluids (2-3L)

78
Q

Colchicine

A

Antiinflamatory

Tx: Gout

CI: cardiac, hepatic, renal disease

AE: blood dyscrasias

Nursing: diet and alcohol restriction. Take colcine at first sign of the attack, then as it starts to resolve.

79
Q

Probenecid

A

Increases urate excretion

Tx: Chronic (not acute) gout

Ci: Blood dyscrasia or kidney stone, chemo or radiation

Nursing: avoid cranberry juice, vit C, encourage diabetics to use finger sticks

80
Q

Epoetin Alfa (Epogen or Procrit)

A

Stim RBC production

Contra: Uncontrolled HTN,

SE: Clotting

Nursing: monitor Hgn, folic acid, b12

Education: stress labs, supplements

Safety: May lead to szr if hgn raised too quickly

81
Q

Filgrastim

A

Colony stimulating factor- stim WBC

Adverse effects: Medullary bone pain, Older patients more at risk

Nursing: Do not skanke, do not dilute, educate on risk of infection until WBC up

82
Q

If you OD on aspirin, you will receive ______

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

83
Q

If you OD on Phenobarbitol for your seizures, you will receive ______

A

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

84
Q

Should not take cold medication with this BP medication

A

Clonidine

85
Q

Cyanide poisoning may result from

A

Nitroprusside

Drug Cards (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions