Pharmocology and Common Lab Tests of interest to the Rad Tech

Question 1

How many prescription drugs are on the market today?

Answer 1

more than 10,000

Question 2

Definition of a Drug

Answer 2

Any chemical substance that produces a biologic response in a living system

Question 3

The science concerned with the origin, nature, and effects and use of drugs is what?

Answer 3

Pharmacology

Question 4

Drug Nomenclature

Answer 4

A classified system of names

Question 5

How can drugs be classified?

Answer 5

By name, by action, or by method of legal purchase

Question 6

Chemical name identifies what?

Answer 6

The actual chemical structure complex of a drug, seldomly used

Question 7

Generic Name

Answer 7

Name given when the drug becomes commercially available, name is never capitalized

Question 8

Brand Name

Answer 8

Name given to a drug manufactured by a specific company. Usually short and easy to remember

Question 9

Drugs that have similar chemical actions are grouped into categories called…?

Answer 9

Drug families

Question 10

Analgesics are drugs that relieve what?

Answer 10

pain

Question 11

Under federal law drugs are classified as either ___ or ____?

Answer 11

Prescription or nonprescription

Question 12

The prescription specifies what?

Answer 12

Name of patient, name of drug, dosage regimen

Question 13

Nonprescription drugs are known as what?

Answer 13

over-the-counter drugs; they can be obtained without a prescription

Question 14

What is required in order to administer a drug to patients?

Answer 14

An order of the drug, prescription or nonprescription, is required

Question 15

Drugs are administered in what type of ways?

Answer 15

Injection, pill form (orally), or through an IV

Question 16

Dose forms include 6 types, what are they?

Answer 16

Tablet, capsule, suppository (which is inserted into a body orifice), solution, suspension, and transdermal patch

Question 17

What does Parenterally mean?

Answer 17

any injection of a drug with a needle and syringe beneath the surface of the skin

Question 18

Dose form: Suspension

Answer 18

One or more drugs in small particles re suspended in a liquid carrier, must be shaken before administration

Question 19

Dose form: Transdermal patch

Answer 19

The drug is applied to the skin and it is absorbed into the blood stream

Question 20

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 20

The study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, circulates within the body, is changed by the body, and leaves the body

Question 21

What can affect the way a drug interacts with the body?

Answer 21

Age, disease factors, sex, genetics, weight, and route and time of administration

Question 22

When does a side effect happen?

Answer 22

when a drug acts on tissues other than those intended

Question 23

Toxic effects

Answer 23

Are related to the dose of the drug administered

Question 24

Allergic Reactions

Answer 24

Bodies immune system is hypersensitive to the drug

Question 25

Drug effects that cause delayed reactions are usually more or less severe?

Answer 25

Less severe and become noticeable hours or days later

Question 26

What drugs are used for conscious sedation during lengthy and painful procedures?

Answer 26

Fentanyl (anesthetic) and Versed (antianxiety)

Question 27

Routes of Administration

Answer 27

Oral, sublingual (under the tongue), topical (cream), or parenteral (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous)

Question 28

5 rights of drug administration:

Answer 28

1. Right Patient 2. Right Drug 3. Right Dose 4. Right Time 5. Right Route

Question 29

What error is among the most common legal problems in which xray techs are involved?

Answer 29

Error associated with drug administration

Question 30

What is the value of blood testing?

Answer 30

- Blood testing evaluates how well organs are functioning (heart, kidneys, liver, etc) - assess if medications are working - measure of blood clotting - can be used to diagnose conditions

Question 31

BUN

Answer 31

Blood Urea Nitrogen - normal value is 8-25 mg/dl

Question 32

BUN is an indicator of what?

Answer 32

kidney function, and measures nitrogen in blood

Question 33

BUN value increases with age?

Answer 33

Yes, true, younger people have lower values of BUN

Question 34

Causes of High BUN levels?

Answer 34

Urinary tract obstruction, kidney disease, Dehydration, Burns, medication, high protein diets, shock

Question 35

Causes of Low BUN levels

Answer 35

Liver disorder, over hydration, malnutrition

Question 36

Creatinine normal value?

Answer 36

0.6-1.5 mg/dl

Question 37

What is Creatinine?

Answer 37

Chemical waste product produced by muscles and it is entirely filtered and eliminated from the blood by the kidneys

Question 38

Creatinine leavels are usually higher in men or women?

Answer 38

Men because they have more muscle mass

Question 39

Causes of High Creatinine?

Answer 39

Dehydration, low blood volume, high protein diet, kidney failure or infection

Question 40

Causes of low levels of Creatinine?

Answer 40

Conditions involving muscles such as myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy

Question 41

The higher the Glomerular Filtration Rate, the more ___ the kidneys are doing.

Answer 41

The more filtration the kidneys do.

Question 42

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate as kidney failure progresses?

Answer 42

The glomerular filtration rate decreases significantly in each stage

Question 43

Hemoglobin

Answer 43

protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen; higher in men than women

Question 44

Hematocrit

Answer 44

volume percentage of red blood cells in blood; also higher in men than females

Question 45

High causes of White blood cells?

Answer 45

Infections

Question 46

Low causes of White blood cells?

Answer 46

Chemo, radiation, leukemia

Question 47

Prothrombin - Protime

Answer 47

Normal 10-12 sec, used to determine blood clotting tendency of blood in the measure of warfarin dosing

Question 48

Partial thromboplastin time - PTT

Answer 48

Normal 30-45 sec, time it takes the blood to clot

Question 49

Partial thromboplastin time is usually measured when using what blood thinner?

Answer 49

Heparin; has an immediate effect

Question 50

Oxygen saturation is?

Answer 50

The measure of the concentration of oxygen in the blood; typically above 95%

Question 51

Causes of low O2 sat.

Answer 51

Anemia, respiratory disease, congenital heart disease and sleep apnea