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Patient Care > Pharmocology and Common Lab Tests of interest to the Rad Tech > Flashcards

Pharmocology and Common Lab Tests of interest to the Rad Tech Flashcards

1
Q

How many prescription drugs are on the market today?

A

more than 10,000

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2
Q

Definition of a Drug

A

Any chemical substance that produces a biologic response in a living system

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3
Q

The science concerned with the origin, nature, and effects and use of drugs is what?

A

Pharmacology

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4
Q

Drug Nomenclature

A

A classified system of names

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5
Q

How can drugs be classified?

A

By name, by action, or by method of legal purchase

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6
Q

Chemical name identifies what?

A

The actual chemical structure complex of a drug, seldomly used

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7
Q

Generic Name

A

Name given when the drug becomes commercially available, name is never capitalized

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8
Q

Brand Name

A

Name given to a drug manufactured by a specific company. Usually short and easy to remember

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9
Q

Drugs that have similar chemical actions are grouped into categories called…?

A

Drug families

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10
Q

Analgesics are drugs that relieve what?

A

pain

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11
Q

Under federal law drugs are classified as either ___ or ____?

A

Prescription or nonprescription

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12
Q

The prescription specifies what?

A

Name of patient, name of drug, dosage regimen

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13
Q

Nonprescription drugs are known as what?

A

over-the-counter drugs; they can be obtained without a prescription

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14
Q

What is required in order to administer a drug to patients?

A

An order of the drug, prescription or nonprescription, is required

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15
Q

Drugs are administered in what type of ways?

A

Injection, pill form (orally), or through an IV

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16
Q

Dose forms include 6 types, what are they?

A

Tablet, capsule, suppository (which is inserted into a body orifice), solution, suspension, and transdermal patch

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17
Q

What does Parenterally mean?

A

any injection of a drug with a needle and syringe beneath the surface of the skin

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18
Q

Dose form: Suspension

A

One or more drugs in small particles re suspended in a liquid carrier, must be shaken before administration

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19
Q

Dose form: Transdermal patch

A

The drug is applied to the skin and it is absorbed into the blood stream

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20
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, circulates within the body, is changed by the body, and leaves the body

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21
Q

What can affect the way a drug interacts with the body?

A

Age, disease factors, sex, genetics, weight, and route and time of administration

22
Q

When does a side effect happen?

A

when a drug acts on tissues other than those intended

23
Q

Toxic effects

A

Are related to the dose of the drug administered

24
Q

Allergic Reactions

A

Bodies immune system is hypersensitive to the drug

25
Q

Drug effects that cause delayed reactions are usually more or less severe?

A

Less severe and become noticeable hours or days later

26
Q

What drugs are used for conscious sedation during lengthy and painful procedures?

A

Fentanyl (anesthetic) and Versed (antianxiety)

27
Q

Routes of Administration

A

Oral, sublingual (under the tongue), topical (cream), or parenteral (intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous)

28
Q

5 rights of drug administration:

A
  1. Right Patient
  2. Right Drug
  3. Right Dose
  4. Right Time
  5. Right Route
29
Q

What error is among the most common legal problems in which xray techs are involved?

A

Error associated with drug administration

30
Q

What is the value of blood testing?

A
  • Blood testing evaluates how well organs are functioning (heart, kidneys, liver, etc)
  • assess if medications are working
  • measure of blood clotting
  • can be used to diagnose conditions
31
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen - normal value is 8-25 mg/dl

32
Q

BUN is an indicator of what?

A

kidney function, and measures nitrogen in blood

33
Q

BUN value increases with age?

A

Yes, true, younger people have lower values of BUN

34
Q

Causes of High BUN levels?

A

Urinary tract obstruction, kidney disease, Dehydration, Burns, medication, high protein diets, shock

35
Q

Causes of Low BUN levels

A

Liver disorder, over hydration, malnutrition

36
Q

Creatinine normal value?

A

0.6-1.5 mg/dl

37
Q

What is Creatinine?

A

Chemical waste product produced by muscles and it is entirely filtered and eliminated from the blood by the kidneys

38
Q

Creatinine leavels are usually higher in men or women?

A

Men because they have more muscle mass

39
Q

Causes of High Creatinine?

A

Dehydration, low blood volume, high protein diet, kidney failure or infection

40
Q

Causes of low levels of Creatinine?

A

Conditions involving muscles such as myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy

41
Q

The higher the Glomerular Filtration Rate, the more ___ the kidneys are doing.

A

The more filtration the kidneys do.

42
Q

What happens to the glomerular filtration rate as kidney failure progresses?

A

The glomerular filtration rate decreases significantly in each stage

43
Q

Hemoglobin

A

protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen; higher in men than women

44
Q

Hematocrit

A

volume percentage of red blood cells in blood; also higher in men than females

45
Q

High causes of White blood cells?

A

Infections

46
Q

Low causes of White blood cells?

A

Chemo, radiation, leukemia

47
Q

Prothrombin - Protime

A

Normal 10-12 sec, used to determine blood clotting tendency of blood in the measure of warfarin dosing

48
Q

Partial thromboplastin time - PTT

A

Normal 30-45 sec, time it takes the blood to clot

49
Q

Partial thromboplastin time is usually measured when using what blood thinner?

A

Heparin; has an immediate effect

50
Q

Oxygen saturation is?

A

The measure of the concentration of oxygen in the blood; typically above 95%

51
Q

Causes of low O2 sat.

A

Anemia, respiratory disease, congenital heart disease and sleep apnea

Patient Care (5 decks)

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