Pharmocology Flashcards
Define Drug
A substance that may alter one or more body functions
Define OTC
Over the Counter
Define Rx
Recipe, proscription, or medication that require Doctors authorization
What are the 5 uses of a drug?
- Diagnostic
- Palliative
- Prophylaxis
- Replacement
- Therapeutic
What is the use of a diagnostic drug?
Diagnostic drugs determine the cause of health problems
What is the use of palliative drugs?
Drugs that do not cure, but provide comfort from pain/symptoms
What is the use of a prophylaxis?
Drugs that provide the prevention of a disease or condition
What is the use of a therapeutic drug?
A drug that is used to cure or treat a disorder
What does drug classification mean?
Drugs are classified according to their actions and effects they have on the body
What is the FDA, and what does it do
The Food & Drug Administration: The Department of the Government that regulates development, safety, testing, and sale of all Rx/OTC drugs
There are five schedules of controlled substances, what are they and what does each level mean?
Schedule I: Not proscribed, no medical use with high risks of abuse
Schedule II: Accepted medical use, with severe limitations and great abuse potential
Schedule III: Moderate abuse potential
Schedule IV: Low abuse potential
Schedule V: Very low abuse risk
What is the DEA, and what does it do?
The branch of government concerned with justice and regulation over narcotics, their authority extends to proscribing, refilling, and controlling substances.
What goes into a Rx?
Date Pt name & Address Superscription(Rx label) Inscription(Medication name and form) Subscription(Amount dispensed) Sig/signature(Pt instructions) Refills Phys. signature
What are the three drug names and what do they mean?
Trade Name: The manufactures name, it is usually patented/copyrighted
Generic Name: Given to all the drugs that have the same makeup, ingredients, and chemicals inside
Chemical Name: The chemical components of a drug
What is a PDR, what are some of the sections inside
Physicians desk reference Some sections include: indications Contraindications Adverse reactions warnings
What is pharmakokinetics
The study of any action in the body; has 5 phases involved
what is absorption
It is how fast a drug is taken into the body
What is distribution
How a drug is transported through the body
What is action
How the drug works; what it does
What is metabolism
How a drug is broken down by the body
What is excretion
When the drug is eliminated by the body
What is drug absorption
The amount of time it takes for a drug to be active in the body, combined with the effects it has on the person
What are the factors that affect drug absorption
Body Weight Sex Time of day Existing pathology Age Tolerance Psychological
There are two types of medication effects what are they and what do they do
Local-Medication that has a direct effect on an applied area
Systemic-Medication that affects the whole body
There are two types of drug interaction, what are they and what do they do
Synergism- Actions within a drug that increases the effects of another drug; two drugs that work together
Antagonism-A drug that decreases the effects of another drug
What are the 7 rights
- Right pt
- Right Drug
- Right dose
- Right technique
- Right route
- Right time
- Right documentation
What are the routs of medication administration
Oral Topical Trans dermal Inhalation Parenteral
What are the three main types of injections
Intradermal
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Where are intradermal injections given
The dermis layer of the anterior forearm or the upper back
What are intradermal injections given for
TB skin tests PPD tests (the same thing as TB test)
Where are subcutaneous injections given
Given into subcutaneous fat of the upper arm, upper thigh, abd, or upper back
What is the typical needle gauge and length of intradermal injections?
25-28 gauge; 1/2-5/8 inch long
What angle are intradermal injections given at
5 Degree angle
What are SQ injections used for typically
Vaccinations(MMR, Varicella, Ect.) Insulin, and heparin
what is the typical needle gauge and length of a SQ injection
25 Gauge; 5/8 inch
What angle is a SQ injection given at
45 Degree angle
What are the most important Injection sites for Intramuscular injections
Deltoid Gluteal Ventral gluteal rectus femorus nastus lateralis
What is a vial
Pre-filled glass bottle with a rubber stopper, may be single or multi-dose
What is an ampule
Single use glass container
What is a cartridge
Pre-filled and measured syringes
what are the parts of a syringe
Barrel
plunger
flange
tip
What are the parts of a needle
Point
Bevel
Lumen
hub
What are the three types of syringes
Hypodermic-used for SQ or IM injections
Insulin-used for insulin injections only
Tuberculin-Used for Tb testing or allergy testing only
