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Pharmacy Science Flashcards

1
Q

German Emperor Frederick II

A

First person to separate medical profession from pharmaceutical

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2
Q

16th Century Swiss Physician Paracelsus

A

Stressed the need for treatment that would be specific for a particular disease and advocated that alchemists should prepare medicine and not gold or silver

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3
Q

1600s-1700s educational process for pharmacists

A

Apprenticeships and pass rigid exams

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4
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Made the small pox vaccines

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5
Q

Paul Ehrich

A

started chemical treatment of disease

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6
Q

Robert Koch

A

started the understanding of infectious diseases

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7
Q

First United States pharmacopeia

A

not written by pharmacists

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8
Q

First pharmacy school

A

The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries 1812

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9
Q

First state to have a state regulation of pharmacy

A

Treaty of Orleans (Louisiana) 1808

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10
Q

What year was pharmacy school conformed to have a certain criteria to be achieved while in school to graduate

A

1932

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11
Q

What was pharmacy practice in the 1950s about

A

Safety of the drug product and very drug centered model

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12
Q

At this convention pharmacists to see themselves as practitioners of a clinical profession

A

1985 Hilton Head Conference

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13
Q

Pharmaceutical Care in 1990-1995

A

Professional relationship must be established and maintained, Present Model

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14
Q

Apothecary

A

Latin term for pharmacist, refers to the early practice of pharmacy

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15
Q

Compounding

A

producing, mixing, or preparing a drug by combining two or more ingredients

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16
Q

Pharmacy

A

the art and science of preparing and dispensing medication

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17
Q

The Age of Antiquity

A

time of ancient humans and the great ancient empires. 5000 BCE through CE 499

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18
Q

Ancient Humans

A

studied birds and animals for first soothing remedies, learned by trial and error

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19
Q

Ancient Mesopotamia

A

Babylon, cradle of civilization, earliest known record of apothecary practice

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20
Q

Healers

A

priests, pharmacists, and physicians all in one

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21
Q

Pen T-Sao

A

native herbal recording of 365 drugs, written by Emperor Shen Nung

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22
Q

Shen Nung

A

Father of Chinese medicine who tasted herbs to determine their toxic effects and died of an overdose

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23
Q

Echelons

A

gatherers and preparers of drugs, similar to the modern day pharmacy technician

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24
Q

Cheifs of Fabrication

A

head pharmacist

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25
Papyrus Ebers
ancient and important pharmaceutical record in ancient Egypt
26
Charaka Samhita
recorded approximately 2000 drugs, is the most important pharmaceutical record for ancient Indians
27
Terra Sigilata
first therapeutic agent to bear a trademark meaning "sealed earth", small clay tablet about the size of asprin
28
Theophrastus
one of the greatest early Greek philosophers and natural scientist known as the father of botany
29
Hippocrates
"Founder of Medicine"
30
Corpus Hippocraticum
written by Hippocrates, one of the first texts to reject the idea that illnesses were caused by mystical forces
31
Humors
four body fluids- blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile- that according to an ancient theory related to a mood or personality charactersitic
32
Hippocratic Oath
A promise made new physicians to treat all people fairly, and to seek to preserve life
33
Mithridates VI
known for developing and using himself and prisoners to test poisons and antidotes
34
De Materia Medica
encylcopedia of remedies from plants or roots, thought to be the first book to organize meds for what they do
35
Galen
practiced and taught both pharmacy and medicine in Rome during 130-200 CE
36
First Apothercaries
established by Arabs in the late 18th century, separated the arts of the apothecary and physician
37
Pharmacopoeia
A book containing a list of drug products used in medicine, including their descriptions and formulas
38
First Organization of pharmacists
King James I granted a separate company known as the Master, wardens, and society of art and mystery of he apothecaries of the city of London
39
Christopher Marshall
established and apothecary shop in Philadelphia and the shop became a leading store
40
Elizabeth Marshall
granddaughter of Christopher Marshall; took over management of the family store
41
America's First Hospital
founded by Benjamin Franklin in Philadelphia in 1751
42
Jonathan Roberts
the first hospital pharmacist in America
43
John Morgan
physician who advocated separation of pharmacy and physician parties
44
Andrew Craige
A pharmacy pioneer who developed an early pharmaceutical wholesaling and manufacturing business and was the first pharmaceutical officer in the American Navy
45
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
Americas first educational institution for pharmacy
46
American Pharmaceutical Association
APhA- founded in 1853 to provide for more uniform standards of education
47
William Procter
known as the father of american pharmacy
48
Gregor Mendel
scientist who began the history of genetics
49
American Council on Pharmaceutical Education
ACPE- resposible for accreditation for colleges of pharmacy and continuing education programs
50
The Traditional Era
this era of pharmacy practiced in the 20th century with pharmacists
51
The Scientific Era
this era was marked by the development of new drugs, scientific testing of the effects of drugs on the human body, and etc
52
The Clinical Era
this era transformed pharmacy into cognitive based profession
53
The Pharmaceutical Care Era
the combination of all three eras. The practice of pharmacy and the role of pharmacists became focused on ensuring the role of the pharmacists became focused on ensuring positive outcomes or drug therapies
54
prescription
an order, by an authorized individual, for the preparation or dispensing of a medication
55
S
without
56
am/AM
morning
57
bid/BID
twice a day
58
dc,D/C
discontinue
59
lab
labratory
60
quid/QID
four times a day
61
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
62
w/c
wheelchair
63
qhs
every night at bedtime
64
q
every
65
amt.
amount
66
I + O
intake and output
67
qod/QOD
every other day
68
liq.
liquid
69
c
with
70
prn.
whenever necessary
71
bm/BM
bowel movement
72
O2
oxygen
73
ax
axillary, armpit
74
BR, br
bed rest
75
wt
weight
76
ht
height
77
IV
intravenous
78
BRP
bathroom privilages
79
OOB,oob
out of bed
80
NPO
nothing by mouth
81
B/P
blood pressure
82
spec.
specimen
83
ROM
range of motion
84
po
by mouth
85
pc
after meal
86
hyper
above, high
87
PT, pt
patient
88
q2h
every 2 hours
89
hs
bedtime, hours of sleep
90
post
after
91
ss
one half
92
OPD
outpatient department
93
postop
postoperative
94
Cath
catheter
95
CBC
complete blood count
96
Stat
immeadiately
97
c/o
complains
98
dx
diagnosis
99
cc
cubic centimeters
100
amb
ambulate, walk
101
H2O
water, aqua
102
noct, noc.
night
103
biotechnology
a form of technology that uses living organisms to develop microorganisms for specific purposes
104
Pharmacogenomics
the study of individual genetic differences in response to drug therapy
105
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
a widely used manual by mental health professionals for classifying psychological
106
anxiety
the condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen
107
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictatble minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror an accompanying chest pain, choking, or other sensations
108
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is contiinually tense
109
phobias
a group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situations
110
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs that cause the performance of compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life
111
obsessions
persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress
112
compulsions
a need to act on specific impulses to relieve associated anxiety
113
hoarding disorder
persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value
114
PTSD
an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories etc that liner for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
115
somatic symptom disorder
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause
116
Illness anxiety disorder
condition marked by the intense preoccupation with the possibility of a serious undiagnosed illness
117
conversion disorder
a rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
118
dissociative amnesia
dissociation disorder characterized by the recall and extensive inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature
119
dissociative fugue
disorder in which one travels away from home and is unable to remember detail of his past, including his identity
120
dissociative identity disorder
a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities
121
major depressive disorder
a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs, two or more weeks of significantly depressed
122
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
mood irritablity during the premenstrual phase
123
bipolar disorder
a mood disorder in which a person alternates b/w hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania
124
psychosis
a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

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