Pharmacy Questions Flashcards
What is the principle organ responsible for biotransformation (metabolism) of drugs
Liver
What is the principle organ responsible for excretion of drugs
Kidneys
X with Y
Y with Z
Xylazine reversed with Yohimbine
Yohimbine treats amitraZ toxicity
Which animals are most sensitive to Xylizine?
Cattle
Xylizine is used as an emetic in what animal?
Cats
What drug is associated with cartilaginous lesions in joints of growing equine/canines?
Quinolones (Baytril)
Enrofloxicin is approved primarily for what issues?
Skin, urinary, and respiratory infections in dogs and cats
Bone and other infections in additional species
4 adverse effects of Acepromazine
Decreases seizure threshold
Can be overly sensitive to giant K9 breeds
Causes HYPOtension
Penis protrusion in equine
Glycopyrrolate would more likely be used over Atropine due to ___ and is less likely to cause ___ while suppressing ____
Its lower onset and longer duration
Tachycardia and Cardiac arrhythmias
Salivation more effectively
Anticholinergics are used to counteract ____ and ____
Bradycardia and hypersalivation
Etomidate is not widely used due to __ and ___
Higher cost and adverse effects
Adverse effects of Etomidate
Vomiting, Muscle movements, sneezing, and excitement during induction and recovery.
Docusate is a ___
Stool softener
Ionic (charged) forms of drugs and membranes
Do no pass through easily
Most drugs with poor lipid solubility ___ cell membranes
Cannot pass through
Lipophilic
Drug that tends to combine with or dissolve in lipids or fats easily
Hydrophilic
Drug that tends to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water
Long term use of glucocorticoids side effects
increase in thirst/urination increased susceptibility to UTIs and other infections Increased panting muscle atrophy and hind limb weakness GI ulcerations Cushing's disease
What is the first line anti-convulsant?
What is a contraindicator?
Phenobarbital Liver disease (causes hepatotoxicity)
Long term use of Phenylbutazone can cause ulcers in the ___ in dehydrated horses and are difficult to treat.
right dorsal colon
What is Methoprene?
A synthetic insect growth regulator and is classified as a terpenoid.
Methoprene is used in ___ products.
Topical flea control
Methoprene works by ___.
Interfering with normal maturation process. Makes it impossible for insects to mature to adult stages.
Aminoglycosides are mainly used for what type of organisims?
Gram-negative
Examples of Aminoglycosides
Strepomycin Neomycin Kanamycin Amikacin Gentamicin
Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity (renal)
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular blockage
Adverse effects of tetracyclines
Chelation of calcium in teeth inhibiting calcification Potentially nephrotoxic (except for Doxycycline)
What drug is used to treat ethylene glycol toxicity?
Fomepizole (4-MP)
Early signs of ethylene glycol poisoning occur within ___ to ___ postingestion.
30 min. to 12 hours
Sulfonamides tend to be associated with ___ or allergic reactions
Hypersensitivity
Most commonly used NSAID in large animals?
Phenlybutazone
Arsenic can be found in ___ causing GI upset, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, etc.
ant baits
What analgesic drug combination should not be used together in dogs/cats due to the risk of GI ulcerations?
Meloxican and dexamethasone
NSAIDs & Steroids should not be used together
Doxorubicin is well known for what possible side effect in dobermans, great danes, rottweilers, and boxers?
Cardiotoxicity
Morphine side effects in dogs
Vomiting Puritits Constipation Sedation Dysphoria Bradycardia Miosis
What is used for Cushing’s treatment in horses?
Pergolide
Rabbits, hamsters, and other rodents are sensitive to most antibiotics due to ____
Disruption of their normal gut flora
Dogs tend to get ___ on morphine while cats and horses tend to get ___.
miosis (small pupils)
mydriasis (enlarged pupils)
What happens if you inject Phenylbutazone IM or SQ in a horse?
Swelling, necrosis, and sloughing
Antibiotics that are safe for small pets like rabbits, hamsters, and guinea pigs
Trimethoprim Sulfa
Chlorampenicol
Enrofloxicin
