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Kaplan Prep > Pharmacy Kaplan Prep > Flashcards

Pharmacy Kaplan Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of digitalis toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting, yellow green color disturbances, halo effect, tachycardia or bradycardia

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2
Q

What assessment should be made prior to administering digoxin?

A

take the apical pulse for 1 min and hold it if the heart rate is less than 90-110 beats per min in an infant, or less than 60 in an adult.

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3
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is used to treat ________.

A

seizures

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4
Q

Lorazepam aka Ativan is used for

A

sedation, alcohol withdrawal, convulsions

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms for IV infiltration include:

A

Redness, cool skin, and swelling at site

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6
Q

How do you give an IM iron supplement injection?

A

use Z track method

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7
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir) is used to treat ___

A

HIV

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8
Q

Antidote to Coumadin is ____

A

vitamin K (Coumadin is aka warfarin)

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9
Q

Aluminum hydroxide is used to treat ____

A

acid indigestion

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10
Q

The labs most watched for a patient on warfarin are:

A

PT and INR (warfarin is Coumadin, PT is prothrombin, INR is international normalized ratio)

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11
Q

What are the signs of blood transfusion reaction?

A

fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, face flushed

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12
Q

What is the action of nitroglycerine? What are the side effects?

A

venous dilation; side effects are hypotension and headache

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13
Q

What is a side effect of Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

femur fractures

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14
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used for, and what is their common side effect?

A

hypertension; cough

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15
Q

What adverse effect on blood does chemotherapy have?

A

anemia, neutropenia, lowers immunity

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16
Q

What are possible benefits of ginkgo? What effect does it have on blood?

A

improve cognitive function, help PAD (peripheral artery disease); ginkgo increases clotting time

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17
Q

What are the side effects of captopril?

A

angioedema, cough

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18
Q

What is the normal potassium level?

A

3.5-5.0

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19
Q

With IV potassium, which is likelier: infiltration or hard phlebitis? What precaution is used when giving IV potassium?

A

hard phlebitis; telemetry is used when giving IV potassium

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20
Q

What symptom would you see in potassium overdose?

A

cardiac arrhythmia

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21
Q

What is pilocarpine (Isapto) used to treat? What route is it administered in? What action does the nurse take immediately after giving the drug?

A

glaucoma, intraocular (eye drop or ointment), put pressure on lacrimal sac for one minute after you give it

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22
Q

What are pilocarpine (Isapto) adverse effects?

A

burning, painful eye muscle movement, photophobia, floaters, poor vision in low light

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23
Q

What is the action of morphine sulfate? What precaution is taken when it is first prescribed?

A

binds to receptors in the brain, start with low doses

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24
Q

What are morphine sulfate side effects?

A

CNS and respiratory depression, constipation, and N&V

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25
Q

For cimetidine (Tagamet), give the drug class, uses, and adverse effects.

A

Histamine 2 receptor antagonist
Used for prevention and treatment for peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and stress ulcers
Adverse effects: diarrhea, dizzy, drowsiness, HA, and confusion

26
Q

What is Lipitor (atorvastatin) used to treat? What are the side effects?

A

Used to treat high cholesterol, lipidemia, prevent cardiovascular disease
Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps
Can injure muscle tissue
Causes weakness and achiness and can be life threatening

27
Q

What is the pregnancy category for Lipitor? What is monitored for patients who take it?

A

Preg. category X

Monitor liver function (AST and ALT)

28
Q

What is the drug class, use, and side effects of naproxen?

A

NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
Used to decrease pain
Can cause bronchospasm, GI bleeding, and nausea

29
Q

What is the drug class of gentamicin and what does it treat? What toxicities need to be avoided?

A 
Aminoglycoside bactericidal agent 
Antibiotic 
Treats gram negative microorganism
Can damage kidneys and ears
Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
30
Q

Lithium: what is it used for, what are the adverse effects, what are the interactions, and what is the maximum blood level?

A

Mood stabilizer
Decrease manic episodes
Adverse effects: metallic taste, hand tremors, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle weakness, and weight gain
Alcohol and diuretics will increase lithium and will increase dehydration and toxicity
Watch blood levels on
Lithium levels cannot be more than 1.5

31
Q

What is isoniazid (INH) used for, what are the adverse effects, and what interaction must be avoided?

A

Most common anti TB drug
Really hard on the liver
Hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy
Alcohol increases risk of liver damage

32
Q

What is another term for “glucocorticosteroids?” What are they used to treat, what is the common side effect, what risk does it increase, and what patient teaching is critical?

A 
also called steroids, 
Used to treat inflammatory conditions 
Increase blood sugar 
Asthma, COPD 
Because it spikes blood sugar it makes you more at risk for infection but cannot stop it abruptly
33
Q

Kayexalate: what does it do, what form is it in, and how does it work?

A

Bring down high potassium levels

Nasty oral liquid, drink it and it binds to the potassium and you poop it out

34
Q

Ampicillin: how does it work, what type of bacteria does it affect, and what are the adverse effects?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.. stops it from reproducing
Treats gram positive bacteria
Adverse: ALLERGY, GI upset, abdominal pain, because it is a penicillin the doc will C&S (culture and sensitivity)

35
Q

What is the most common anti-epileptic drug? What are its adverse effects and common interactions?

A

Dilantin: Adverse effects: nausea, drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of the gums)
Alcohol will increase dilantin levels in the blood

36
Q

What is metformin used to treat? How does it work, what are the adverse effects, and what interaction should be avoided?

A

Diabetic pt.s
Reduces the production of glucose by the liver
Adverse effects: lactic acidosis, dizziness, and N & V
If given with glucocorticosteroids it will spike your blood sugar really high

37
Q

What 2 drugs often used in congestive heart failure can combine to cause severe hypokalemia?

A

digoxin and furosemide (Lasix)

38
Q

Furosemide (Lasix): what is the drug class, what does it treat, what is the main side effect?

A

Loop diuretics
HF and hypertension
Hypokalemia

39
Q

What is the possible adverse effect if furosemide is pushed too fast? What are the nursing considerations for a patient taking it?

A

If given by IV and pushed fast can cause permanent deafness

Monitor pt.’s weight, BP, and potassium levels

40
Q

Albuterol: What is the drug class, what does is it used for, what are the adverse effects and what is a common interaction?

A

Adrenergic
Used to treat bronchospasm with Rescue inhaler
Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, anxiety
Limit caffeine intake

41
Q

What is the purpose of enteric coated medicine?

A

they dissolve in the small intestine, reducing stomach upset

42
Q

How do you instill an eyedrop? How long should you wait between different eyedrops?

A

gently pull lower eyelid so the lower lid forms a pocket and do not touch skin with dropper; wait 5 minutes between different eye medications.

43
Q

Clonidine: How does it work, what does it treat, what are the adverse effects, and what is the patient teaching?

A

Decreases cardiac output by stimulating alpha receptors
Used for HTN (hypertension)
It works great for pt. going through with withdraw
Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, fluid retention
Don’t stop abruptly

44
Q

What are the symptoms of salicylate poisoning?

A

dizziness, confusion, tinnitis

45
Q

What is oxytocin used for? What are the adverse effects? What is the risk if too much is given?

A

Induces labor contractions
Helps prevent postpartum hemorrhage because it forces uterine to contract
Adverse Effects: cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension
Give too much? Can cause uterus to rupture

46
Q

What is Fentanyl used for? What route is it given with? What are the adverse effects?

A

Used for pain management
IV or as a patch
Adverse effects: sedation, respiratory depression, and constipation

47
Q

How long should a fentanyl (Duragesic) patch stay on?

A

3 days

48
Q

Atenolol: what is the drug class? What does the drug do? What are the adverse effects?

A

Beta blocker
Lowers BP
Reduces cardiac workload
Adverse effects: Bradycardia or tachy, dysrhythmias, bronchospasms, dizziness

49
Q

What drug class is nifedipine? What is it used for? What are the adverse effects?

A

Calcium channel blocker
Used for HTN and angina
Adverse effects: dizzy, HA, flushing, nervousness, edema
Monitor vital signs

50
Q

What is methotrexate used for? What are the adverse effects? What are the nursing considerations?

A

Cancer drug=antineoplastic, can also be given for autoimmune disorders
Adverse Effects: Oral and GI ulceration, liver damage, bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, high risk for infection, alopecia, bloody diarrhea, and fatigue
Nursing considerations: good mouth care, avoid alcohol; monitor hepatic and renal function, increase fluid intake, frequent oral care, talk to patient about hair loss and coping strategies, prevention of infection

51
Q

What drug class is Haldol in? What are the adverse effects?

A

Antipsychotic
Adverse Effects: Hypotension, pseudoparkinsonism (act like having parkinson’s), tardive dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements)

52
Q

What is Synthroid used for? What are the patient instructions for taking it? What are the adverse effects?

A

Thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism
Be taken in the morning one hour before meals
Tell pt. to report palpitations and SOB
Adverse Effects: Nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, insomnia

53
Q

What drug class is Cogentin? What does it treat? What is the contra-indicated condition? What are the adverse effects?

A

Anticholinergic
Given with other anti parkinson’s drugs (treats tardive dyskinesia)
Contra-indicated in glaucoma
Adverse Effects: Disorientation, hallucinations, memory loss, and in high doses it can cause dry mouth and blurry vision

54
Q

What are 3 benefits of vitamin B?

A

Keeps nerve and blood cells healthy
Helps make DNA
Prevents megaloblastic anemia

55
Q

What is rifampin used for? What are the adverse effects?

A

Anti TB drug

Adverse effects: GI upset, skin rashes, hepatotoxicity and acute renal failure

56
Q

What is Benadryl’s drug class? What is it used to treat? What are the adverse effects?

A

First generation H-1 receptor antagonist
Used for insomnia, allergy , motion sickness
Adverse effect: drowsiness

57
Q

What is the drug class for Risperdal and what is it used to treat? What are the adverse effects?

A

Antipsychotic
Used for the treatment of mixed mania or bipolar
Adverse Effects: weight gain, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, tardive dyskinesia, and photosensitivity

58
Q

How do you mix regular and NPH insulin?

A

regular (clear) to NPH (cloudy

59
Q

Enoxaparin: what is it?

A

Low molecular weight heparin. watch for bleeding and interaction with ginkgo.

60
Q

Name 2 drugs with the side effect of HA.

A

cimetidine, nifedipine

Kaplan Prep (3 decks)

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