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Pharmacy Kaplan Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of digitalis toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting, yellow green color disturbances, halo effect, tachycardia or bradycardia

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2
Q

What assessment should be made prior to administering digoxin?

A

take the apical pulse for 1 min and hold it if the heart rate is less than 90-110 beats per min in an infant, or less than 60 in an adult.

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3
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is used to treat ________.

A

seizures

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4
Q

Lorazepam aka Ativan is used for

A

sedation, alcohol withdrawal, convulsions

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms for IV infiltration include:

A

Redness, cool skin, and swelling at site

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6
Q

How do you give an IM iron supplement injection?

A

use Z track method

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7
Q

Zidovudine (Retrovir) is used to treat ___

A

HIV

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8
Q

Antidote to Coumadin is ____

A

vitamin K (Coumadin is aka warfarin)

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9
Q

Aluminum hydroxide is used to treat ____

A

acid indigestion

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10
Q

The labs most watched for a patient on warfarin are:

A

PT and INR (warfarin is Coumadin, PT is prothrombin, INR is international normalized ratio)

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11
Q

What are the signs of blood transfusion reaction?

A

fever, chills, tachycardia, hypotension, face flushed

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12
Q

What is the action of nitroglycerine? What are the side effects?

A

venous dilation; side effects are hypotension and headache

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13
Q

What is a side effect of Alendronate (Fosamax)?

A

femur fractures

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14
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used for, and what is their common side effect?

A

hypertension; cough

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15
Q

What adverse effect on blood does chemotherapy have?

A

anemia, neutropenia, lowers immunity

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16
Q

What are possible benefits of ginkgo? What effect does it have on blood?

A

improve cognitive function, help PAD (peripheral artery disease); ginkgo increases clotting time

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17
Q

What are the side effects of captopril?

A

angioedema, cough

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18
Q

What is the normal potassium level?

A

3.5-5.0

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19
Q

With IV potassium, which is likelier: infiltration or hard phlebitis? What precaution is used when giving IV potassium?

A

hard phlebitis; telemetry is used when giving IV potassium

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20
Q

What symptom would you see in potassium overdose?

A

cardiac arrhythmia

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21
Q

What is pilocarpine (Isapto) used to treat? What route is it administered in? What action does the nurse take immediately after giving the drug?

A

glaucoma, intraocular (eye drop or ointment), put pressure on lacrimal sac for one minute after you give it

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22
Q

What are pilocarpine (Isapto) adverse effects?

A

burning, painful eye muscle movement, photophobia, floaters, poor vision in low light

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23
Q

What is the action of morphine sulfate? What precaution is taken when it is first prescribed?

A

binds to receptors in the brain, start with low doses

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24
Q

What are morphine sulfate side effects?

A

CNS and respiratory depression, constipation, and N&V

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25
For cimetidine (Tagamet), give the drug class, uses, and adverse effects.
Histamine 2 receptor antagonist Used for prevention and treatment for peptic ulcer disease, GERD, and stress ulcers Adverse effects: diarrhea, dizzy, drowsiness, HA, and confusion
26
What is Lipitor (atorvastatin) used to treat? What are the side effects?
Used to treat high cholesterol, lipidemia, prevent cardiovascular disease Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps Can injure muscle tissue Causes weakness and achiness and can be life threatening
27
What is the pregnancy category for Lipitor? What is monitored for patients who take it?
Preg. category X | Monitor liver function (AST and ALT)
28
What is the drug class, use, and side effects of naproxen?
NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) Used to decrease pain Can cause bronchospasm, GI bleeding, and nausea
29
What is the drug class of gentamicin and what does it treat? What toxicities need to be avoided?
``` Aminoglycoside bactericidal agent Antibiotic Treats gram negative microorganism Can damage kidneys and ears Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity ```
30
Lithium: what is it used for, what are the adverse effects, what are the interactions, and what is the maximum blood level?
Mood stabilizer Decrease manic episodes Adverse effects: metallic taste, hand tremors, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle weakness, and weight gain Alcohol and diuretics will increase lithium and will increase dehydration and toxicity Watch blood levels on Lithium levels cannot be more than 1.5
31
What is isoniazid (INH) used for, what are the adverse effects, and what interaction must be avoided?
Most common anti TB drug Really hard on the liver Hepatotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy Alcohol increases risk of liver damage
32
What is another term for "glucocorticosteroids?" What are they used to treat, what is the common side effect, what risk does it increase, and what patient teaching is critical?
``` also called steroids, Used to treat inflammatory conditions Increase blood sugar Asthma, COPD Because it spikes blood sugar it makes you more at risk for infection but cannot stop it abruptly ```
33
Kayexalate: what does it do, what form is it in, and how does it work?
Bring down high potassium levels | Nasty oral liquid, drink it and it binds to the potassium and you poop it out
34
Ampicillin: how does it work, what type of bacteria does it affect, and what are the adverse effects?
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.. stops it from reproducing Treats gram positive bacteria Adverse: ALLERGY, GI upset, abdominal pain, because it is a penicillin the doc will C&S (culture and sensitivity)
35
What is the most common anti-epileptic drug? What are its adverse effects and common interactions?
Dilantin: Adverse effects: nausea, drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of the gums) Alcohol will increase dilantin levels in the blood
36
What is metformin used to treat? How does it work, what are the adverse effects, and what interaction should be avoided?
Diabetic pt.s Reduces the production of glucose by the liver Adverse effects: lactic acidosis, dizziness, and N & V If given with glucocorticosteroids it will spike your blood sugar really high
37
What 2 drugs often used in congestive heart failure can combine to cause severe hypokalemia?
digoxin and furosemide (Lasix)
38
Furosemide (Lasix): what is the drug class, what does it treat, what is the main side effect?
Loop diuretics HF and hypertension Hypokalemia
39
What is the possible adverse effect if furosemide is pushed too fast? What are the nursing considerations for a patient taking it?
If given by IV and pushed fast can cause permanent deafness | Monitor pt.’s weight, BP, and potassium levels
40
Albuterol: What is the drug class, what does is it used for, what are the adverse effects and what is a common interaction?
Adrenergic Used to treat bronchospasm with Rescue inhaler Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, anxiety Limit caffeine intake
41
What is the purpose of enteric coated medicine?
they dissolve in the small intestine, reducing stomach upset
42
How do you instill an eyedrop? How long should you wait between different eyedrops?
gently pull lower eyelid so the lower lid forms a pocket and do not touch skin with dropper; wait 5 minutes between different eye medications.
43
Clonidine: How does it work, what does it treat, what are the adverse effects, and what is the patient teaching?
Decreases cardiac output by stimulating alpha receptors Used for HTN (hypertension) It works great for pt. going through with withdraw Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, fluid retention Don’t stop abruptly
44
What are the symptoms of salicylate poisoning?
dizziness, confusion, tinnitis
45
What is oxytocin used for? What are the adverse effects? What is the risk if too much is given?
Induces labor contractions Helps prevent postpartum hemorrhage because it forces uterine to contract Adverse Effects: cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension Give too much? Can cause uterus to rupture
46
What is Fentanyl used for? What route is it given with? What are the adverse effects?
Used for pain management IV or as a patch Adverse effects: sedation, respiratory depression, and constipation
47
How long should a fentanyl (Duragesic) patch stay on?
3 days
48
Atenolol: what is the drug class? What does the drug do? What are the adverse effects?
Beta blocker Lowers BP Reduces cardiac workload Adverse effects: Bradycardia or tachy, dysrhythmias, bronchospasms, dizziness
49
What drug class is nifedipine? What is it used for? What are the adverse effects?
Calcium channel blocker Used for HTN and angina Adverse effects: dizzy, HA, flushing, nervousness, edema Monitor vital signs
50
What is methotrexate used for? What are the adverse effects? What are the nursing considerations?
Cancer drug=antineoplastic, can also be given for autoimmune disorders Adverse Effects: Oral and GI ulceration, liver damage, bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, high risk for infection, alopecia, bloody diarrhea, and fatigue Nursing considerations: good mouth care, avoid alcohol; monitor hepatic and renal function, increase fluid intake, frequent oral care, talk to patient about hair loss and coping strategies, prevention of infection
51
What drug class is Haldol in? What are the adverse effects?
Antipsychotic Adverse Effects: Hypotension, pseudoparkinsonism (act like having parkinson's), tardive dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements)
52
What is Synthroid used for? What are the patient instructions for taking it? What are the adverse effects?
Thyroid replacement for hypothyroidism Be taken in the morning one hour before meals Tell pt. to report palpitations and SOB Adverse Effects: Nervousness, tremors, tachycardia, insomnia
53
What drug class is Cogentin? What does it treat? What is the contra-indicated condition? What are the adverse effects?
Anticholinergic Given with other anti parkinson's drugs (treats tardive dyskinesia) Contra-indicated in glaucoma Adverse Effects: Disorientation, hallucinations, memory loss, and in high doses it can cause dry mouth and blurry vision
54
What are 3 benefits of vitamin B?
Keeps nerve and blood cells healthy Helps make DNA Prevents megaloblastic anemia
55
What is rifampin used for? What are the adverse effects?
Anti TB drug | Adverse effects: GI upset, skin rashes, hepatotoxicity and acute renal failure
56
What is Benadryl's drug class? What is it used to treat? What are the adverse effects?
First generation H-1 receptor antagonist Used for insomnia, allergy , motion sickness Adverse effect: drowsiness
57
What is the drug class for Risperdal and what is it used to treat? What are the adverse effects?
Antipsychotic Used for the treatment of mixed mania or bipolar Adverse Effects: weight gain, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, tardive dyskinesia, and photosensitivity
58
How do you mix regular and NPH insulin?
regular (clear) to NPH (cloudy
59
Enoxaparin: what is it?
Low molecular weight heparin. watch for bleeding and interaction with ginkgo.
60
Name 2 drugs with the side effect of HA.
cimetidine, nifedipine

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