Pharmacy Calculations

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

Solvent moves from low conc. to high conc. through semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium reached

Question 2

Osmotic pressure

Answer 2

Pressure required to stop osmosis (excess pressure applied to solution)

Question 3

Isosmotic

Answer 3

2 solutions that have same osmotic pressure

Question 4

Isotonic

Answer 4

Solution that has same osmotic pressure as bodily fluids (e.g. blood, tears) such as IV fluids- no problem

Question 5

Hypotonic

Answer 5

Solution that has lower conc. of solutes than bodily fluids (e.g. water)- draws fluid out of body

Question 6

Hypertonic

Answer 6

Solution that has higher conc. solutes than bodily fluids- causes body to swell

Question 7

Osmoles

Answer 7

Unit measurement that describes no. moles of compound that contributes to osmotic pressure

Question 8

Osmoles formula

Answer 8

osmol=weight substance (g)/ MW x dissociation factor

Question 9

Osmolarity

Answer 9

Unit to measure no. particles/ L solution which takes into account any dissociation ionic compounds

Question 10

Osmolarity formula (Osm/L)

Answer 10

Osmolarity= molarity x dissociation factor

Question 11

Non-electrolyte

Answer 11

No dissociation- DF=1 (therefore Osmol/L= moles/L)

Question 12

Electrolyte

Answer 12

DF=no. species (therefore Osmol/L= moles/L x no. species)

Question 13

Displacement values

Answer 13

Amount of substance (by weight) that will occupy volume 1g Theobroma Oil

Question 14

Dilution

Answer 14

Decreasing conc. of solute in suitable diluent by increasing amount of diluent

Question 15

Alligation

Answer 15

Used to calculate no. parts 2 components given strengths same substance (X% and Y%) required to make mixture required to make strength (Z%)