Pharmacy Associations Flashcards
1
Q
What is the APhA?
A
- largest and oldest association
- largest voice
2
Q
NCPA
A
national community pharmacist association
3
Q
What does the NCPA do?
A
Voice of independent community pharmacists
Guidance on how to buy a pharmacy
4
Q
ASHP
A
American society of health systems pharmacists
5
Q
What does ASHP do?
A
Accreditation organization for residencies
-journal: American Journal of Health System Pharmacies
6
Q
NPhA
A
National pharmaceutical association
7
Q
What does NPhA do?
A
Represents minority pharmacists and provide to underserved areas
8
Q
AAPS
A
American association of pharmaceutical scientists
9
Q
What does AAPS do?
A
Organization dedicated to discovery, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical products
10
Q
ACCP
A
American college of clinical pharmacy
11
Q
What does ACCP do?
A
- publication: pharmacotherapy
- board certification
- clinical pharmacies (hospital)
12
Q
ACPE
A
Accreditation council for pharmacy education
13
Q
What does ACPE do?
A
Accredits pharmacy schools
14
Q
AMCP
A
Academy of managed care
15
Q
What does AMCP do?
A
Concerned with managing care (costs)
16
Q
AACP
A
American association of colleges of pharmacy
17
Q
ISPOR
A
International society for pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research
18
Q
What does ISPOR do?
A
- concerned with product economics
- OUTCOMES research
19
Q
ASCP
A
American society of consultant pharmacists
20
Q
Who normally will join ASCP?
A
Pharmacists in nursing homes/assisted living facilities
21
Q
BPS
A
Board of pharmacy specialties
22
Q
what is BPS for?
A
-certifies specialties
23
Q
8 pharmacy specialty areas
A
1) ambulatory care
2) nuclear pharmacy
3) nutrition support
4) oncology
5) pharmacotherapy
6) psychiatric
7) pediatric
8) critical care
24
Q
TPA
A
Tennessee pharmacists association
25
What is TPA for?
MTM and collaborative practice
26
NABP
National association of boards of pharmacy
27
What does NABP do?
Administers the NAPLEX and MPJE
28
APhA
American pharmacist association
29
CBER
- center for biologics evaluation and research
- vaccines, blood, and biologics
- allergens
- gene based treatments
- bone, skin, ligaments, heart valves
- transplantation of nonhuman cells, tissues, and organs
30
CDER
- center for drug evaluation and research
- watchdog
- provides medical info
- evaluates safety and efficacy of prescription and some OTC products
31
What does CDER regulate?
- prescription meds
- brand meds
- generic meds
- OTC meds
32
Food and Drugs Act
- Wiley decided there needs to be some regulation
- 1906 Food and Drug act is the "birth" of the FDA
- signed into law by Roosevelt
33
1937 Elixir of Sulfanilamide
- Massengale's (Bristol TN) head chemist figures out how dissolve sulfanilamide to make it liquid (in ethylene glycol) and many get sick
- at this time, it's not illegal to dispense poisons
34
1938 Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
- Lashler-tainted mascara caused vision problems: lead to Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
- manufacturer had to make sure products were SAFE
35
1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment
- certain meds require prescription
| - states determine who can prescribe
36
1962 Kefauver Harris Amendment
- FDA says product has to be SAFE and EFFECTIVE
| - cause: Thalidamide in Europe for morning sickness resulted in "flipper babies"
37
1983 orphan drug act
-medications for orphan diseases can be approved more quickly
38
1992 OTC drugs advisory committee
-looks at drugs that will switch from Rx to OTC
39
1994 DSHEA
- do not have to show safety or efficacy in herbals or dietary supplements
- not FDA regulated
- regulated by FTC
40
1914 Harrison Narcotics Act
- FDA does not regulate the sell and use of narcotics
| - DEA regulates narcotics
41
1990s Compassionate use IND
- AIDS and HIV are prevalent but no treatment
| - FDA allows doctors to give patients experimental medications
42
Pre-clinical trials
- 1-2 years
| - animal testing
43
Phase 1 clinical trial
- 1 year
| - 20-100 healthy volunteers to guarantee safety and dosage
44
Phase 2 clinical trial
- 2 years
- 100-300 healthy patient volunteers
- looks at safety and effectiveness
45
Phase 3 clinical trials
- Largest
- 3 years
- 1000-3000 patients
- verifies safety and efficacy
- have to have at least two phase 3 trials approved
46
Phase 4 clinical trial
- post approval
- makes sure the drug does what it claims to do
- drug must be checked yearly after approval
47
Pregnancy category A
No known fetal risk
48
Pregnancy category B
No controlled studies show human risk but animal studies suggest potential toxicity
49
Pregnancy category C
Human risk unknown but animal fetal toxicity is demonstrated
50
Pregnancy category D
Evidence of human fetal risk but benefits outweigh the risks
51
Pregnancy category E
Human fetal risk present risk does NOT outweigh the benefits
52
Paradoxal reaction
Outcome is opposite of what is expected
| - for example: Benadryl has sedative properties in most children but can make some hyper
53
PGY-1
-opportunity to accelerate growth beyond entry level professional competency in patient-centered care
54
Community pharmacy (PGY-1)
focused on advancing skills in direct patient care, patient care service development, and practice management
55
managed care pharmacy (PGY-1)
focused on individual patient care, evaluation of outcomes of organized and structured programs to targeted patient groups, and development and implementation of medication use policies for population care management
56
Pharmacy practice (PGY-1)
- focused on improving general competencies in managing medication-use systems and supports optimal medication therapy outcomes for patients with a broad range of disease states
- preparation for board certification
57
PGY-2
- accredited PGY2 residencies require the completion of an accredited PGY1 pharmacy residency
- focused on building upon competencies developed by a PGY-1
- concentrated in specific area of practice
58
Resident responsibilities
- practice as a pharmacist
- precept IPPE/APPE students
- educational presentations
- various projects
- research project
59
NMS
national matching service
60
fellowship
- directed, highly individualized, postgraduate program designed to prepare the participant to become an independent researcher
- develop competency in the scientific research process including conceptualizing, planning, conducting, reporting
61
Where are fellowships offered?
through colleges of pharmacy, academic health centers, or specialized healthcare institutions
62
traineeships
- short-term planned and structured self-study and experiential program
- gain knowledge and skills to implement patient care program
63
Training programs
-offered through APhA
64
Board of pharmacy specialties (BPS)
-established in 1976 by APhA
65
Independent community pharmacy
- retail pharmacy not directly affiliated with any chain pharmacy
- pharmacist owned and privately held
- single or multiple store locations
66
Adverse drug reactions are among the top 5 greatest threats to the health of which age bracket
Seniors
67
Infection control
- medications not touched by fingers
- proper hand washing
- double cup crushing technique
- stethoscope is wiped with alcohol before and after contact
- straws opened from the middle
68
Gradual dose reductions
- drug classes: antipsychotics, sedatives, anti anxiety, antidepressants
- 2 does reductions in the first year and annually after
- sedatives- dose reduction every 3 months
