Pharmacy 3rd Year Flashcards
Define cytotoxic or cytostatic medicine
Any medicinal product that possesses any one or more of the following:
1) toxic
2) carcinogenic
3) toxic for reproduction
4) mutagenic
Why audit?
Improves quality of care Maximise resources Educational tool Encourages team work Provides evidence to justify change
define audit standards
Standards are the proportion of times that the criteria can be fulfilled usually expressed as a %
What is audit
Quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change
Define patient safety
The avoidance, prevention and amelioration of adverse outcomes or injuries stemming from the process of healthcare
What does NPSA stand for
National patient safety agency
What does he NPSA do
Set up national reporting and learning system for recording and collating data on medical harm
In 2012 the patient safety function of the NPSA was transferred to what
NHS commissioning board special health authority
What are the two subtitles of medication errors
1) commission
2) omission
Define error of commission
Wrong meds or wrong dose
Define error of omission
Omitted dose or failure to monitor
Is RCA a reactive method of error management?
Yes because it’s used after an error has occurred
What does FMEA stand for and what is it
Failure modes and effects analysis is a systematic method of identifying and preventing process and product problems before they occur
What are the 6 stages of the transtheoretical model
1) pre contemplation
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
6) relapse/termination
Define ambivalence
When you feel two ways about something, know pros and cons but can’t decide
What’s the reactance theory
Brehm- nobody tells me what to do
What’s motivational interviewing
A form of brief psychotherapy, is goal orientated
What are the 6 stages of the transtheoretical model
1) pre contemplation
2) contemplation
3) preparation
4) action
5) maintenance
6) relapse/termination
Define ambivalence
When you feel two ways about something, know pros and cons but can’t decide
What’s the reactance theory
Brehm- nobody tells me what to do
What’s motivational interviewing
A form of brief psychotherapy, is goal orientated
Define ethics
Ethics is the science or morals or moral philosophy
Define ethical norms
Are rules or behaviours to be complied with or used to evaluate or direct human conduct
What is an ethical dilemma
It is where a problem needs to be overcome or a difficult choice made using a process known as ethical decision making
Define principle
Fundamental truths or laws used for deliberation or reasoning
What are the three main ethical theories
1) deontological ethics
2) consequentialist ethics
3) virtue ethics
Which ethical theory is ‘ethics of care’ most related to?
Virtue ethics but it places more emphasis on and employing altruistic emotions
Define moral reasoning
Individual or collective practical reasoning about what we ought to do
What is a ‘ad hominem argument’
An argument against man- normally an attack on a particular person and is intended to discredit what he or she does
What is a ‘tu quoque argument’
‘You too’- method used to reduce or deflect the force of an argument that a person is making
