pharmacy Flashcards
what is the EPMA ?
electronic prescribing and medicines administration
what are some benefits of EPMA ?
solves most prescribing issues
efficiency - time saving,
effectiveness
patient safety - reduction in errors
what are some targets of drugs in the body ?
cellular
proteins
receptors
ion channels
enzymes
transport proteins
what are the factors of pharmacokinetics ?
absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion
what is absorption in pharmacokinetics ?
the movement of drug into the body
which route does not require absorption ?
IV
what is distribution in pharmacokinetics ?
the movement of drugs around the body
what is elimination of pharmacokinetics ?
the irreversible removal of drug from the body
what are the 2 parts of elimination in pharmacokinetics ?
metabolism
excretion
what is metabolism of pharmacokinetics ?
destruction of the drug by chemical alteration
what is excretion of pharmacokinetics ?
removal of the drug from the body in the kidneys or bile
how can drug interactions affect the absorption of drugs ?
chelation/ complexes - insoluble complexes not absorbed
change of GI pH
effects on gastric motility
food effects
how is metabolism affected in drug interactions /
P450 inhibitors and inducers
what are some examples of enzyme inducers ?
rifampicin
phenytoin
carbamazepine
COCP
theophylline
what are some examples of enzyme inhibitors ?
allopurinol
azathioprine
fluconazole
warfarin
grapefruit juice
ciclosporin
what class is haloperidol ?
first generation antipsychotic
what are some indications for haloperidol ?
schizophrenia
acute delirium
severe manic or agitated episodes
nausea and vomiting
what are some side effects of haloperidol ?
depression
headache
nausea
vision disorders
neuromuscular dysfunction
what are some contra-indications of haloperidol ?
CNS depression
congenital long QT syndrome
lewy body dementia
parkinsons disease
what is the indication for macrogol ?
chronic constipation
what are the contra-indications for macrogol ?
ileus
intestinal obstruction / perforation
severe IBD
toxic megacolon
what are some common side effects of macrogol ?
flatulence
GI discomfort
nausea and vomiting
what drug class is macrogol ?
osmotic laxative
what class of drug is alendronate ?
bisphosphonate
what are the indication for alendronate ?
osteoporosis
what are some side effects of alendronate ?
GI disorders
joint swelling
vertigo
what are the indications of colecalciferol ?
vitamin D deficiency
what are some side effects of colecalciferol ?
abdominal pain
headache
hypercalcaemia
nausea
what are the indications for zopiclone ?
insomnia
what are some side effects of zopiclone ?
dry mouth
bitter taste
anxiety
headache
confusion
what class of drug is zopiclone ?
non-benzodiazepine hypnotic and sedative
what is the indication for co-careldopa ?
parkinsons disease
what class of drug is co-careldopa ?
dopamine precursor
what are the indications for ropinerole ?
adjunct in parkinsons disease
restless leg syndrome
what class of drug is ropinerole ?
dopamine receptor agonist
what drug class is senna ?
stimulant laxative
what are the indications of senna ?
constipation
what are some indications of lorazepam ?
anxiety - short term
acute panic attack
conscious sedation for procedures
what are some side effects of lorazepam ?
apnoea
asthenia
coma
dishinhibtion
extra-pyramidal symptoms
memory loss
slurred speech
what drug class is lorazepam ?
benzo
