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Respiratory Drugs > Pharmacotherapy of Pneumonia > Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy of Pneumonia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main treatment goals?

A

Treat the infection and treat the symptoms

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2
Q

How would you treat the infection as part of the immediate management?

A

Give empirical therapy, until causative bacteria is confirmed with lab tests

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3
Q

How to treat the symptoms in immediate management?

A

Oxygen
IV fluids
Analgesia

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4
Q

What kind of treatments fall under analgesia?

A

Paracetamol
NSAIDs
Opioids

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5
Q

For CAP Outpatient with NO comorbidities or resistant bacteria what kind of treatment would you give?

A

Aminopenicillin –> Amoxicillin
Macrolides or Doxycycline –> Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

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6
Q

FOR CAP outpatients WITH comorbidities or resistant bacteria what kind of treatment would you offer?

A

Combination therapy or mono therapy

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7
Q

What are the options for combination therapy for CAP outpatients with comorbidities?

A

Beta - lactam + Macrolide
Beta - lactam + Doxycycline

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8
Q

What are the different options of beta lactams for CAP outpatients (combination therapy)?

A

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate, Cefuroxime

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9
Q

What are the different options of macrolides for CAP outpatients (combination therapy)?

A

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

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10
Q

What are the available mono therapies available for CAP outpatients with comorbidities?

A

Respiratory Fluoroquionoles

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11
Q

What are the examples of respiratory fluoroquionoles?

A

Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

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12
Q

What is the best option of treatment for any kind of organism that has caused pneumonia?

A

Quinilone

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13
Q

If the pneumonia is caused by Strep. Pneumoniae what are the treatment options? (CAP Outpatient)

A

Macrolides or High dose beta lactams

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14
Q

When do we give macrolides? (organisms) (CAP Outpatient)

A

Strep. Pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Legionella
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus

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15
Q

What is the standard treatment for non-severe CAP? (Inpatient)

A

Beta lactam + macrolide
Respiratory Fluoroquionoles

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16
Q

What are the beta lactams that can be used for non-severe CAP? (Inpatient)

A

Ampicillin/ Sulbactam, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone

17
Q

What are the macrolides that can be used fro non-severe CAP? (Inpatient)

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin

18
Q

What are the respiratory fluroquinoles that can be used for non-severe CAP? (Inpatient)

A

Levofloxacin

19
Q

What is the standard treatment for severe CAP? (Inpatient)

A

Beta - lactams + macrolides
Beta lactams + respiratory fluoroquinoles

20
Q

If MRSA coverage is required then which drug/ drugs are added?

A

Vancomycin or linezolid

21
Q

If Pseudomonas aeruginosa coverage is required what do you change to the treatment?

A

Switch beta lactam to an antipseudomonal beta lactam
OR
Add aminoglycoside

22
Q

What are the examples of antipseudomonal beta lactams? (CAP) (Inpatient)

A

Piperacillin-tazobactam
Cefepime
Imipenem
Meropenem
Aztreonam

23
Q

What are the examples of aminoglycosides? (CAP) (Inpatient)

A

Tobramycin

24
Q

In case of a penicillin allergy, what are the alternatives? (CAP) (Inpatient)

A

Doxycycline
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin

25
Q

In case of pregnancy, what drugs can be taken ? (CAP) (Inpatient)

A

Amoxicillin
Azithromycin

26
Q

Which kind of treatment should be avoided during pregnancy? (CAP) (Inpatient)

Why?

A

Doxycycline
Inhibit bone growth

27
Q

For early set HAP what is the treatment?

A

Ceftriaxone
Quinolone
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam
Ertapenem

28
Q

For late onset HAP, caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa or enterobacteriaceae what is the treatment?

A

Antipsudomonal cephalosporin, piperacillin, tazobactam or quinolone

Aminoglycoside
Carbapenem

29
Q

For late onset HAP, caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa or enterobacteriaceae or acinetobacter spp. what is the treatment?

A

Aminoglycosides
Carbapenem

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of beta lactams?

A

GI Disturbances

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of doxycycline?

A

Photosensitivity
Inhibit bone growth
Liver failure

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of macrolides?

A

Prolonged QT interval
Hepatic dysfunction

33
Q

What are the adverse of fluroquionolones?

A

Tendon rupture

34
Q

Who should get vaccinated against pneumonia bacteria?

A

Babies
People > 65
Individuals of high risk

35
Q
A

Respiratory Drugs (4 decks)

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