Pharmacotherapy III

Question 1

Adverse drug reactions

Answer 1

Unintended effect of a medication at a commonly used dose

Can be expected or anticipated

Excludes overdose, errors, or non-adherence

Question 2

Type A adverse event

Answer 2

Related to pharmacologic actions of the medication

Side effects because it acts upon non-intended sites

Mild hypersensitivity reactions

Question 3

Type B adverse events

Answer 3

Unusual or unanticipated actions of the drug

Hypersensitivity reactions

Question 4

Pediatric Population Pharmacotherapy

Answer 4

Differences in drug responses based on:
Immature organs and tissues
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 5

Neonatal absorption

Answer 5

75-80% body water

Weakly alkaline gastric pH

Gastric motility differs

Very thin stratum corneum

Poor muscle mass but great capillaries

Question 6

Neonatal differences

Answer 6

Low serum albumin

GI enzymes

Phase 1 and 2 metabolism delayed

Lower GFR

Question 7

Babies

Answer 7

Body water content decreases

Body fat increases

CYP450 enzymes start to work

GFR increases after 2 weeks - 5 months

Still thin stratum corneum

Question 8

General pediatric population principles

Answer 8

By 2 years old, kidneys are mature

Adherence = parents + kids

Weight based dosing until 88 lbs or 18 years

Total daily dose = mg/kg/day (then divide by dosing schedule)

Or per dose mg/kg

Obese children special dosing