Pharmacology Stuff

Question 1

Hyperkalemia s/s

Answer 1

• Flattened T-waves
• ST depression
• Presence of U waves
• Muscle weakness
• muscle cramps
• Dysrhythmias
• Fatigue
• Decreased DTRs

Question 2

Hypomagnesemia s/s

Answer 2

• Disorientation/confusion
• Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign
• Seizures
• Tremors
• Muscle cramps

Question 3

Digoxin toxicity s/s

Answer 3

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Increases digoxin levels
• Bradycardia
• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Yellow-tinged sclera

Question 4

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

Answer 4

• Dystonia (sever spasms of tongue, neck face, or back)
• Pseudoparkinsonism (bradykinesia, rigidity, shuffling gait, drooling, tremors)
• Akathisia (unable to sit/stand still, and is continually pacing and agitated)

Question 5

Fluoxetine

Answer 5

AE:
- Suppresses platelet aggregation, which can increase bleeding

Question 6

Atropine (eye drops)

Answer 6

AE:
- Blurred vision

Question 7

Rifampin

Answer 7

Use:
- Anti-infective

AE:
- turns urine orange
- Yellowing of sclera
- Turns body fluids orange

Question 8

Atorvastatin

Answer 8

Use:
- HMG- COA reductase inhibitor
- Antilipemic

AE:
- Dark urine
- Muscle weakness
- Dizziness
- Muscle spasms
- Nephrotoxicity
- Myopathy

Note:
- Take at night

Question 9

Buproprion

Answer 9

Use:
- Atypical antidepressant

AE:
- Decreased libido
- Constipation
- Weight loss

Note:
- Stimulant properties

Question 10

Omeprazole

Answer 10

Use:
- PPI inhibitor

AE:
- Hypomagnesemia (tremors, muscle cramps, seizures)

Question 11

Sumatriptan

Answer 11

Use:
- Migraine HA

AE:
- Chest pressure
- Dizziness
- Coronary artery vasospasm/angina
- Teratogenic

Question 12

Gluccocorticoids

Answer 12

AE:
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperglycemia

Note:
- Increase K+ intake while taking

Question 13

Lithium

Answer 13

Note:
- All NSAIDs except aspirin increase lithium levels

Question 14

Enalapril

Answer 14

Use:
- ACE inhibitor
- HTN
- Heart failure

AE:
- Hyperkalemia
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Cough
- Angioedema
- First dose orthostatic hypotension

Question 15

Methimazole

Answer 15

Use:
- Blocks synthesis of thyroid hormones
- Grave’s disease

AE:
- Hypothyroidism
- Agranulocytosis

Note:
- Do not use during pregnancy

Question 16

Gentamicin

Answer 16

Use:
- Anti-infective
- Aminoglycoside

AE:
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity

Question 17

Simvastatin

Answer 17

Use:
- HMG- COA reductase inhibitor
- Antilipemic

AE:
- Dark urine
- Muscle weakness
- Dizziness
- Muscle spasms
- Nephrotoxicity
- Myopathy

Note:
- Take at night

Question 18

Captopril

Answer 18

Use:
- ACE inhibitor
- HTN
- Heart failure

AE:
- Hyperkalemia
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Cough
- Angioedema
- First dose orthostatic hypotension
- Neutropenia
- Rash and dysgeusia (altered taste)

Note:
- Monitor Labs (K+, BUN, WBC w/ diff)

Question 19

Doxazosin

Answer 19

Use:
- BPH

AE:
- First dose orthostatic hypotension

Question 20

Benzonatate

Answer 20

Use:
- Antitussive

Question 21

Phenytoin

Answer 21

Use:
- Antiepileptic

AE:
- Nystagmus
- Sedation
- Ataxia
- Double vision
- Cognitive impairment
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Skin rash
- Dysrhythmia
- Hypotension

Note:
- Need to have levels checked/monitored because of narrow therapeutic range

Question 22

Metoclopramide

Answer 22

Use:
- Nausea/vomiting

Question 23

Gemfibrozil

Answer 23

Use:
- Antilipemic
- Fibrate

AE:
- Muscle tenderness
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Kidney Injury risk
- Liver injury risk

Question 24

Ibandronate

Answer 24

Use:
- Osteoporosis
- Bisphosphonate

AE:
- Esophagitis
- Abdominal pain
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Muscle pain
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain

Note:
- Taken once per month

Question 25

Verapamil

Answer 25

Use:
- HTN
- Calcium channel blocker

AE:
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Peripheral edema
- Constipation
- Bradycardia
- HF
- Dysrhythmia

Question 26

Pramlintide

Answer 26

Use:
- Non-insulin injectable antidiabetic

AE:
- Nausea
- Reaction at injection site

Note:
- Monitor for hypoglycemia when taken with insulin

Question 27

Lisinopril

Answer 27

Use:
- ACE inhibitor
- HTN
- Heart failure

AE:
- Hyperkalemia
- Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Cough
- Angioedema
- First dose orthostatic hypotension

Question 28

Finasteride

Answer 28

AE:
- Can cause impotence

Note:
- can take 6 months to work

Question 29

Hydroxychloroquine

Answer 29

Use:
- Nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
- Antimalarial agent

AE:
- Retinal damage/blindness

Note:
- Eye exam every 6 months

Question 30

Ipratropium

Answer 30

Use:
- Asthma, COPD
- Inhaled anticholinergic

AE:
- Dry mouth
- Hoarseness

Note:
- Cannot have if allergic to Atropine

Question 31

Raloxifene

Answer 31

Use:
- Prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis
- Protect against breast cancer

AE:
- Increased risk for PE and DVT
- Hot flashes

Note:
- Teratogen
- Stopped 72 hours prior to prolonged immobility

Question 32

Bumetanide

Answer 32

Use:
- Loop diuretic

AE:
- Hypokalemia
- Ototoxicity
- Hypotension
- Dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia

Note:
- Same as Furosemide
- Avoid use with other ototoxic medications (aminoglycoside antibiotics)

Question 33

Oxybutynin

Answer 33

Use:
- Inhibit muscarinic receptors of the detrusor muscle of the bladders, which prevents contractions of the bladder and the urge to void
- Overactive bladder
- Pre-anesthetic medication

AE:
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, dry eyes, tachycardia)
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- Insomnia
- Nervousness
- Pupil dilation

Question 34

Sucralfate

Answer 34

Use:
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Decrease acid in stomach
- Mucosal protectant

AE:
- constipation

Note:
- Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime