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EMT 230 > Pharmacology Review #2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Review #2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Adenosine?
A) Slow conduction through SA node
B) Increase conduction through the SA node
C) Slow conduction through the AV node
D) Increase conduction through the AV node

A

C) Slow conduction through the AV node

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2
Q 
What class is Dopamine?
A) Anxiolytic 
B) Loop diuretic
C) Anti-arrhythmic
D) Sympathomimetic
A

D) Sympathomimetic

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3
Q 
Magnesium Sulfate is not used for the following:
A) Torsades de Pointes
B) Pregnancy induced hypertension
C) Sulfate overdose
D) Severe asthma
A

C) Sulfate overdose

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4
Q

What is not a special not for norepinephrine?
A) Use IV pump only to infuse
B) Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes
C) Watch for signs of inadequate peripheral tissue perfusion
D) Severe tissue necrosis can occur with extravasation

A

B) Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes

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5
Q 
What is not a contraindication for Atropine Sulfate?
A) Acute narrow angle glaucoma
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Renal disease
D) Concurrent digoxin therapy
A

D) Concurrent digoxin therapy

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6
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Dopamine is false?
A) In doses of 1-2 mcg/kg/min, it causes dilation of the cerebral and renal arteries
B) In doses of 2-10mcg/kg/min, it primarily has Beta 1 stimulant effects and increases myocardial oxygen demand which can increased the size of myocardial infarct
C) In doses greater that 20 mcg/kg/min, it will decreases the heart rate and lower oxygen consumption in the myocardium
D) In doses of 10-20 mcg/kg/min, it primarily has an Alpha 1 stimulant effect

A

C) In doses greater that 20 mcg/kg/min, it will decreases the heart rate and lower oxygen consumption in the myocardium

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7
Q

One of the mechanisms of action on the body caused by taking Aspirin is?
A) Increased platelet aggregation
B) Decreased platelet aggregation
C) Effects sodium and potassium channels
D) Slows depolarization

A

B) Decreased platelet aggregation

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8
Q 
Nitroglycerin does what to the coronary arteries?
A) Constricts
B) Dilates 
C) Bisects
D) Infarcts
A

B) Dilates

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9
Q 
What is the antidysrhythmic medication that is contraindicated for a patient who is taking atenolol?
A) Adenosine
B) Atropine 
C) Diltiazem 
D) Dopamine
A

C) Diltiazem

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10
Q 
Adverse reactions of Verapamil include all of the following except:
A) Extreme bradycardia
B) Hypotension 
C) Congestive heart failure 
D) Angina
A

D) Angina

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11
Q 
All of the following are expected effects on the cardiovascular system after administering Atropine except:
A) Increased heart rate
B) Increased cardiac output 
C) Slight change in force of contraction
D) Decreased force of conduction
A

D) Decreased force of conduction

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12
Q 
Amiodarone falls under what classification?
A) Anti-cholinergic agent 
B) Endogenous nucleoside 
C) Anti-arrhythmic agent 
D) Electrolyte
A

C) Anti-arrhythmic agent

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13
Q 
Which drug is classified as an endogenous nucleoside?
A) Adenosine
B) Epinephrine
C) Glucagon  
D) Oxytocin
A

A) Adenosine

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14
Q 
Which medication directly depresses the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node, prolongs the refractory period and blocks the influx of calcium into muscular cells?
A) Adenosine 
B) Calcium chloride
C) Lidocaine 
D) Verapamil
A

D) Verapamil

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15
Q

Dopamine administration is indicated for the treatment of hemodynamically significant hypotension resulting from:
A) Cardiogenic, neurogenic or hypovolemic shock
B) Cardiogenic or septic shock
C) Cardiogenic or hypovolemic shock
D) neurogenic or hypovolemic shock

A

B) Cardiogenic or septic shock

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16
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the use of Adenosine to chemically convert a symptomatic tachycardia is false?
A) Adenosine is not blocked by Atropine
B) Adenosine is effective for conversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
C) Smaller doses of Adenosine are used in cardiac transplant patients
D) Adenosine may induce asystole

A

B) Adenosine is effective for conversion of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter

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17
Q 
Indication and use of Magnesium Sulfate include all of the following except:
A) Torsades De pointes
B) Hyper-reactive airway 
C) Pre-term labor
D) Hypermagnesemia
A

D) Hypermagnesemia

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18
Q 
Your patient is experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath and has rales in all lung fields. His heart rate is 138/min, his ECG is sinus in origin and BP is 148/50. Which of the following would be the first medication you would provide?
A) Morphine 
B) Nitroglycerin 
C) Oxygen 
D) Lasix
A

C) Oxygen

19
Q 
How many more times may Nitroglycerin tablet be administered after the initial dose?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
A

A) 2

20
Q 
In what type of shock might you administer Morphine? 
A) Hypovolemic 
B) Neurogenic
C) Cardiogenic
D) Septic
A

C) Cardiogenic

21
Q 
Which medication would be used for PSVT refractory to Adenosine?
A) Epinephrine 
B) Atropine 
C) Diltiazem 
D) Solu-medrol
A

C) Diltiazem

22
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism of action of Amiodarone?
A) Prolongs action potential and the refractory period
B) Positive chronotropic activity in nodal tissue
C) Ventricular
D) Affects the sodium, potassium and calcium channels

A

B) Positive chronotropic activity in nodal tissue

23
Q 
This non-narcotic analgesic is anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and assists in decreased platelet aggregation:
A) Aspirin 
B) methylprednisolone 
C) morphine
D) Valium
A

A) Aspirin

24
Q 
Which of the following is not a process as part of pharmacokinetics?
A) Absorption 
B) Potentiation 
C) Biotransformation 
D) Distribution
A

B) Potentiation

25
Q

Some of the contraindications for the administration of Amiodarone are?
A) Known A-fib/A-flutter, sick sinus syndrome
B) Electrolyte deficiencies
C) Bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree heart block unless pacemaker present, pulmonary congestion
D) Head injury, hypercalcemia

A

C) Bradycardia, 2nd and 3rd degree heart block unless pacemaker present, pulmonary congestion

26
Q 
If a drug is Beta 1 agonist, the following clinical actions would be true, except;
A) Chronotopy 
B) Dromotopy 
C) Inotropy 
D) Diastole
A

D) Diastole

27
Q

You respond to the scene of a 36-year-old female who is complaining of dizziness with a near syncopal episode. She is AO x 4 on your arrival but still complains of dizziness. Her vitals are R-20, lungs clear and equal, P matches the monitor, BP-138/92 and
pOx-94% on room air. You place her on the monitor and fine the following rhythm: SVT
A) Verapamil 2.5 mg IV
B) Lidocaine 0.75 mg/kg IV
C) Adenosine 6 mg Rapid IV push
D) Aspirin 324 mg PO

A

C) Adenosine 6 mg Rapid IV push

28
Q 
You respond to the scene of a 52-year-old male that is experiencing weakness all day. He has a history of an MI 2 years ago, but tells you he is not experiencing any chest pain and with his last MI he did. His vitals are: R-24, lungs-clear and equal bilaterally, P-matches the monitor, BP-118/68 and pOx-91% on room air. The monitor is as follows: NSR with PVC
A) Lidocaine 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV
B) Lidocaine 1.25-1.75 mg/kg IV
C) Atropine 10 mg IV
D) Atropine 1 mg IV
A

A) Lidocaine 0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV

29
Q

The following are all mechanisms of action of Nitroglycerin except:
A) Increased preload
B) Decreased afterload
C) Decreased myocardial muscle oxygen demand
D) Relaxes vascular smooth muscles

A

A) Increased preload

30
Q 
You have added 2 mg of Epinephrine 1:1000 to a 250 cc bag of normal saline.You have been given direction to hang maintenance infusion of 4 mcg/min. using gtts set, your infusion rate would be:
A) 15 ggts./min 
B) 30 gtts/min
C) 45 gtts/min 
D) 60 gtts/min
A

B) 30 gtts/min

31
Q 
You have been ordered to give your patient 10 mcg/kg/min of dopamine. Your patient weighs 60 kg, you are using 60 gtts set and your premixed solution of Dopamine 1600 mcg/ ml. What is your drip rate?
A) 10.23 gtts/min
B) 11.25 gtts/min
C) 22.50 gtts/min
D) 30.46 gtts/min
A

C) 22.50 gtts/min

32
Q 
You need to administer Epinephrine via ET tube during a cardiac arrest. Your dose is 2 mg diluted in 10 ml. You have a 1 mg.ml of a 30 ml multi dose vial. How many ml of Epinephrine will you draw up?
A) 20 ml 
B) 10 ml 
C) 2 ml 
D) 1 ml
A

C) 2 ml

33
Q 
This drug should be utilized in pulseless rhythms after a cyclic antidepressant overdoseand should be considered in a patient with a history of renal failure who is in cardiac:
A) Atropine 
B) Sodium Bicarbonate
C) Epinephrine 
D) Lidocaine
A

B) Sodium Bicarbonate

34
Q 
Acetlysalicylic Acid is a name for which of the following medications?
A) Aspirin 
B) Lidocaine 
C) Nitroglycerin 
D) Oxygen
A

A) Aspirin

35
Q 
The following medication is classified as an anti-muscarinic:
A) Epinephrine
B) Adenosine 
C) Amiodarone
D) Atropine
A

D) Atropine

36
Q 
This medication is contraindicated in bradycardia:
A) Amiodarone 
B) Atropine 
C) Epinephrine 
D) Dopamine
A

A) Amiodarone

37
Q 
All of the following drugs serve a beneficial effect by increasing venous capacitance except:
A) Furosemide
B) Morphine 
C) Nitroglycerin 
D) Sodium Bicarbonate
A

D) Sodium Bicarbonate

38
Q

What is the contraindication for Vasopressin?
A) Hypotension
B) Responsive patient with coronary artery disease
C) Abdominal distress
D) Tremors

A

B) Responsive patient with coronary artery disease

39
Q 
Nitroglycerin is given at what dose and route?
A) 4 mg SL
B) 0.4 mg PO
C) 1 mg SL
D) 0.4 mg SL
A

D) 0.4 mg SL

40
Q

What is the initial dose of Magnesium Sulfate for an adult patient in Torsades de Pointes:
A) Dilute 1-2 gm in 50-100 ml NS or D5W, administered over 5-60 minutes
B) Dilute 2 gm in 50 ml NS or D5W, administered over 5-10 minutes
C) Dilute 1-2 gm in 50-100 ml NS or D5W, administered over 1-2 minutes
D) Dilute 1 gm in 50 ml NS or D5W, administered in 30 seconds

A

C) Dilute 1-2 gm in 50-100 ml NS or D5W, administered over 1-2 minutes

41
Q 
According to the AXDHS drug profiles, which of the following is not an adverse reaction affecting the cardiovascular system after administration of Epinephrine?
A) Hyperthermia
B) Hypertension 
C) Angina
D) Ventricular Dysrhythmias
A

A) Hyperthermia

42
Q

The term side effect refers to:
A) An undesirable action of a drug
B) A life-threatening reaction to a drug
C) A reason not to administer a drug to the patient
D) The way the body metabolizes the medication

A

A) An undesirable action of a drug

43
Q

Which of the following is considered an adverse reaction to the administration of Calcium Chloride?
A) Hypocalcemia
B) Severe tissue necrosis with extravasation
C) Enhancement of ventricular automaticity
D) Decreases the effect of Adenosine on mast cells

A

B) Severe tissue necrosis with extravasation

44
Q 
Which of the following is a natural catecholamine that affects alpha and beta receptors?
A) Serotonin
B) Oxytocin 
C) Aldosterone
D) Epinephrine
A

D) Epinephrine

EMT 230 (3 decks)

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