Pharmacology Review Flashcards
Name the difference between chemical, generic, and brand name of medications.
Chemical—Chemical name is the chemical composition and molecular structure
Generic—official name, simpler than chemical, first letter not capitalized, common name
Brand—trademark name, first letter capitalized, Easier to pronounce, spell, and remember
What meds are under each Schedule of controlled substances?
1—high abuse potential, no medical use–heroin
2—high abuse potential, some medical use—Ritalin, Phenobarbital
3—high abuse potential, less than 1 or 2, some medical use—Norco, Codeine
4—low abuse potential, some medical use—Valium, Ativan
5—low abuse potential, no prescription needed—Robitussin DM
What is needed for a medication to be administered in the hospital?
An order by an approved medical provider
When can a nurse have a narcotic in his/her possession?
Nurse is administering to patient under provider order.
Nurse is a patient of a provider who ordered the med for the nurse to take.
Nurse is in charge of a stock of controlled meds in a hospital during a shift
Define Toxic
build up of drug in body causing severe symptoms—decreased respiratory rate, decreased heart rate
Allergic
known as hypersensitivity reaction, hives and severe itching (urticaria)
Therapeutic—expected response to a medication
Therapeutic
expected response to a medication
Tolerance
client requires a higher dose of a medication to produce the therapeutic effect that a lower dose once provided
Dependence
also known as addiction, occurs when a person is unable to control desire for ingestion of drugs, may be physiologic or psychological
Accumulation
is when a drug builds up in the body if the next dose is administered before the previously administered dose has been metabolized or excreted
Interference
first drug inhibits the metabolism or excretion of the second drug, thus causing increased activity of the second drug
Displacement
displacement of the first drug from protein-bound sites by a second drug increases the activity of the first drug because more unbound drug is available.
Incompatibility
first drug is chemically incompatible with the second drug, thereby causing deterioration when the drugs are mixed in the same syringe or solution or are administered together at the same site. Signs include haziness, formation of a precipitate, or a change in the color of the solution when mixed.
Polypharmacy
multidrug therapy
Idiosyncratic reaction
something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administered—unexpectedly strong response to the action of the drug
Anaphylactic reaction
severe life-threatening reaction that causes respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse, tongue and throat swelling
Additive effect
two drugs with similar actions taken together have a greater effect than each one alone
Antagonistic effect
one drug interferes with the action of another
Desired drug action
predictable/usual response to the drug
Organs where drug most likely metabolized, most likely excreted.
Metabolized—Liver, Excreted—Kidneys
