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ADN Nursing > Pharmacology Review > Flashcards

Pharmacology Review Flashcards

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1
Q

ALBUTEROL

A

Beta 2-agonist, short acting

Treats asthma, COPD, wheezing, or difficulty breathing

Tremor & tachycardia

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2
Q

ALPRAZOLAM (XANAX)

A

Benzodiazepine

Treats anxiety, panic disorder, & generalized anxiety disorder

CNS Depression, Anterograde Amnesia, Respiratory Depression, paradoxical effects, sleep related behaviors

Worry about sedation

Abuse potential - taper off & use short term

Antidote = Flumazenil

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3
Q

BENZTROPINE (COGENTIN)

A

Anticholinergic drug to treat Parkinson’s disease

Reduce tremors & rigidity

Do not dc abruptly

Causes dry mouth, blurred vision, etc

May aggravate glaucoma, measure intraocular pressure periodically

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4
Q

DONEPEZIL (ARICEPT)

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Improves cognitive function in pts w/ mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease

Do not use with NSAIDS (+ risk for GI bleeding) or anticholinergic drugs (decreases it’s effects)

Contraindications: GI Bleeding

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5
Q

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE (HCTZ)

A

Thiazide diuretic - Increases renal excretion of sodium chloride, potassium, & H2O

Treats hypertension or edema

Can cause: hyponatremia (<135mEq/L), hypochloremia (<96mEq/L), hypokalemia(<3.5mEq/L)

Not potassium sparing

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6
Q

HYDROCODONE/ACETAMINOPHEN (LORTAB)

A

Treats mild to moderate pain

Causes respiratory depression, constipation, cough suppression, & miosis

Antidote = Naloxone

Available only in combination of other drugs

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7
Q

HYDROMORPHONE (DILAUDED)

A

Treats acute moderate to severe pain (7-10)

Causes respiratory depression, sedation, cough suppression

Antidote = Naloxone

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8
Q

INSULIN

A

Treats all pts w/ Type 1 diabetes & many pts w/ Type 2 diabetes

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9
Q

LISINOPRIL (PRINIVIL, ZESTRIL)

A

ACE Inhibitor

Treats hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, & MI

Can cause persistent, dry & nonproductive cough, & hyperkalemia (>5.0) - Notify HCP

All ACE inhibitors are excreted by the kidneys

Contraindicated in pregnancy

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10
Q

LITHIUM CARBONATE (ESKALITH)

A

Stabilize mood in pts w/ Bipolar Disorder (BPD)

Lithium levels must be kept below 1.5mEq/L

Levels above 2.5mEq/L can cause death

Therapeutic Level = 0.4-1mEq/L

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11
Q

LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN)

A

Benzodiazepine

Treats generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety, insomnia, seizures, etc.

Undergoes little metabolic alteration & preferred for pts w/ hepatic impairment

Antidote = Flumazenil

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12
Q

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMWH) (ENOXAPARIN)

A

Given subQ

Prevents DVT by preventing formation of blood clots

Approved for preventing ischemic (reduced blood flow) complications

Overdose causing hemorrhage can be controlled w/ protamine sulfate

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13
Q

METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL)

A

Antibiotic used to treat protozoal & bacterial infections

Infusions must be done slowly (over 1 hr)

Has disulfiram-like actions if mixed w/ alcohol, AVOID ALCOHOL

Metallic taste in mouth is a common side effect

Need good venous access bc it can be necrotic to tissues

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14
Q

METOPROLOL (LOPRESSOR)

A

Beta-blocker

Treats hypertension

Change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension

Assess HR & BP before use

If HR is <60 or BP <90/60 hold medicine & notify HCP

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15
Q

MORPHINE SULFATE

A

Strong opioid analgesic

Treats pain & can reduce anxiety

Can cause respiratory depression, constipation, & UTI art retention

Take fiber, stool softeners, & drink H2O to prevent constipation

Institute fall precautions

Antidote = Naloxone

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16
Q

NIFEDIPINE (PROCARDIA)

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

Treats angina pectoris & hypertension

W/hold if HR <60 & SBP <90

Can cause reflex tachycardia, flushing, gingival hyperplasia

17
Q

PANTOPRAZOLE (PROTONIX)

A

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

Used to treat GERD

Increased risk of pneumonia due to elevation of gastric PH

Longterm may pose a risk to osteoporosis, colds, pneumonia

Check baseline magnesium

18
Q

PAROXETINE (PAXIL)

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Indications: major depression, OCD, social anxiety, PTSD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder & postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms

May increase risk of suicide

Monitor for hypotension, drowsiness, & suicide ideation

19
Q

PREDNISONE

A

Glucocorticoid Steroid

May cause adrenal insufficiency

Can increase urinary loss of potassium & induce hypokalemia

Watch for hyperglycemia

Monitor pts for s/s of fluid retention

Higher risk to colds/pneumonia

20
Q

QUETIAPINE (SEROQUEL)

A

Second generation antipsychotic

Treats schizophrenia, major depression, manic & depression eps for bipolar pts, w/ acute eps of mania

Can cause prolonged QT interval -> lowers HR

Don’t give w/ meds that prolong QT

21
Q

RISPERIDONE (RISPERDAL)

A

Second generation antipsychotic

Treats schizophrenia, bipolar mania, & autism spectrum disorder in children

Can cause increased prolactin levels, metabolic effects, agitation, etc.

Increase risk for stroke & death in geriatric pts w/ dementia

Low doses should be used for pts w/ renal & hepatic impairments

22
Q

SIMVASTATIN (ZOCAR)

A

Lowers LDL, total cholesterol, & triglycerides & may increase HDL thus reduce risk of heart failure, MI, & sudden death

Monitor for rhabdomyolysis - muscle pain (or leg pain)

Low dose recommended for pts w/ severe renal impairment

Avoid grapefruits & their juice

23
Q

VALPROIC ACID (DEPAKOTE)

A

Antiepileptic or anti seizure drug

Treats major seizure types, bipolar disorder (mood stabilizer) to control manic eps

Administer w/ food

Can cause severe hepatotoxicity & pancreatitis

24
Q

VENLAFAXINE (EFFEXOR)

A

Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Don’t give with MAOIS (depression drugs)

Taper dose over 2-4 weeks to prevent wdrawl symptoms

ER tablets should be taken whole but capsules can be opened

25
Q

WARFARIN (COUMADIN)

A

An anticoagulant - vitamin K antagonist

Only taken orally

Can cause hemorrhage

Antidote = Vit. K

ADN Nursing (4 decks)

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