pharmacology quiz 2

Question 1

pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

the motion/movement of drugs in your body

Question 2

pharmacokinetics process

Answer 2

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Question 3

absorption

Answer 3

the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood

Question 4

the rate of absorption determines ____

Answer 4

how soon the effects will take place

Question 5

the amount of drug determines ____

Answer 5

how intense the effects will be

Question 6

factors affecting absorption process (6)

Answer 6

-rate of dissolution
-surface area
-blood flow
-lipid solubility
-pH partitioning
-route of administration

Question 7

routes of administration (2)

Answer 7

enteral (GI tract)
parenteral (outside GI tract)

Question 8

enteral (GI tract)

Answer 8

oral (by mouth/PO)

Question 9

parenteral (outside GI tract)

Answer 9

Intravenous (IV)
subcutaneous (subQ)
intramuscular (IM)

Question 10

oral, by mouth, PO barriers to absorption

Answer 10

epithelial lining of GI tract

Question 11

oral absorption patterns

Answer 11

slow and variable

Question 12

advantages of PO meds (3)

Answer 12

-safer than injections
-ideal for self administration
-easy,convenient, cheap

Question 13

disadvantages of PO meds (4)

Answer 13

-GI irritation
-requires cooperative pt
-inactivation
-variability

Question 14

intravenous (IV) barriers to absorption

Answer 14

none

Question 15

IV absorption pattern

Answer 15

instantaneous and complete

Question 16

advantages of IV (4)

Answer 16

-rapid onset
-control
-permits use of large fluid volumes
-permits use of irritant drugs

Question 17

disadvantages of IV (4)

Answer 17

-high cost, difficulty, inconvenience
-irreversibility
-infection
-high risk

Question 18

intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (subQ) barriers to absorption

Answer 18

none

Question 19

IM and SubQ absorption pattern

Answer 19

VARIABLE
-water solubility
-blood flow

Question 20

advantages of IM and SubQ (2)

Answer 20

-can be used for poorly soluble drugs
-can be used for depot preparations

Question 21

disadvantages of IM and subQ (4)

Answer 21

-discomfort
-inconvenience
-can cause muscle and nerve injury with improper technique
-bleeding risk

Question 22

when parenteral administration is preferred: (6)

Answer 22

-emergencies
-situations requiring tight control
-GI incompatibility
-treatment with drugs that cannot cross membranes
-condition better treated with long-acting preparation
-pts who cannot or will not take oral preparation

Question 23

distribution

Answer 23

the movement of drugs throughout the body

Question 24

distribution process

Answer 24

-blood flow to tissues
-drug’s ability to enter cells
-drug’s ability to exit the vascular system

Question 25

drug metabolism

Answer 25

the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted

Question 26

special factors/considerations in drug metabolism

Answer 26

-age -first-pass effect -nutritional status -competition between drugs

Question 27

excretion

Answer 27

the removal of drugs from the body

Question 28

excretion routes

Answer 28

-bile -urine/feces -sweat/saliva -breast milk -expired air

Question 29

monitoring of drug responses plasma drug levels

Answer 29

correlation between response to drug and level in plasma

Question 30

monitoring of drug responses two important levels

Answer 30

-minimum effective concentration (MEC) -toxic concentration

Question 31

monitoring of drug responses therapeutic range

Answer 31

determines whether the drug can be safely given

Question 32

monitoring of drug responses drug half-life

Answer 32

determines dosing interval

Question 33

monitoring of drug responses repeated dosing

Answer 33

determines rate and extent of accumulation

Question 34

peak

Answer 34

highest level of drug in the body, 1-2 hours after given

Question 35

trough

Answer 35

lowest level of drug in body, right before next dose

Question 36

maintenance

Answer 36

lower dose to maintain state of drug in body

Question 37

loading

Answer 37

higher dose to get response

Question 38

ED50

Answer 38

average effective dose

Question 39

LD50

Answer 39

lethal dose

Question 40

pharmacodynamics

Answer 40

the force or power of a drug

Question 41

drug drug interactions outcomes (3)

Answer 41

potentiate inhibit new response

Question 42

potentiate

Answer 42

intensifies the effects

Question 43

inhibit

Answer 43

reduce the effects

Question 44

new response

Answer 44

effect not seen with single drug alone

Question 45

drug v food (5)

Answer 45

-absorption -drug metabolism -drug toxicity -drug action -timing