Pharmacology Prescriptions Flashcards
1
Q
(69) Prescribe electrolyte solution for intravenous infusion in vials of 500 ml ( Gelofusine, Intralipid, Hartmann’s Solution)
A
RP./ Hartmann’s Solution 500ml
Da flac No. 1
S. for intravenous application
#
2
Q
(70) Prescribe drug for local treatment with haemostatic and antiseptic activity ( Gelaspon, Solution Hydrogen Peroxide Dilute, Fraxipine)
A
RP./ Solutio Hydrogen Peroxidi Dilute 3% 50ml
Da Flac No. 1
S. for external use only
#
3
Q
(71) Prescribe anticoagulant in tablets of 4mg (Heparin, Acenocoumarol, Phytomenadione)
A
RP./ Acenocoumaroli 4mg
D. Scat. No. 2 tabulettis
S. 1 tablet daily
#
4
Q
(72) Prescribe 10 prefilled disposable syringes of 9500 IU/ 0.6ml for subcutaneous application which contain low molecular derivative of heparin ( Rivaroxaban, Nadroparin, Alteplase)
A
RP./ Nadroparin 9500 IU/ 0.6ml
D.t.d No. 10 in prefilled syringes
S. subcutaneously
#
5
Q
(73) Prescribe three ampoules of bronchodilator, inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase in the form of a solution for injection 2.4% 10ml (Salbutamol, Aminophylline, Atropine)
A
RP./ Spray Salbutamoli 2.4% 10ml
D. flac No. 1
S. For oral inhalation 3-4 times per day
[Aminphylline -methylxantine]
[Atropine - M cholinolytic]
6
Q
(74) Prescribe in tablets of 100mg antitussive drug reducing sensitivity in bronchial mucosa ( Butamirate, Codeine, Prenoxdiazine)
A
RP./ Libexini 100mh
D. scat No. 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times per day
[Codeine - cough suppressant, centrally acting; suppresses the centre of breathing; causes addiction]
[Butamirate - cough suppressant, centrally acting, does not suppress the breathing center]
7
Q
(75) Prescribe a mucolytic agent in effervescent tablets of 200mg (Acetylcysteine, Prenoxdiazine, Theophylline)
A
RP./ Acetylcysteini 200ml
D. Scat No.1 in tab- efferv.
S. take 1 tab. dissolved in 200ml water 3 times per day
[Theophylline - Methylxantine]
[Prenoxdiazine - cough suppressant, that desnsitized the pulmonary stretch receptors]
8
Q
(76) Prescribe an antacid in chewing tablets of 500mg (Ranitidine, Almagel, Hydrotalcite)
A
RP./ Hyrotalciti 500mg
D. scat No. 1 in chewable tablets
S. take 1 tablet an hour after a meal 3 times per day
[Ranitidine - H2-receptor blocker]
[Almagel - Antacide, Mg(OH)2 + Al(OH)3]
9
Q
(77) Prescribe one vial of 170 ml combined preparation for oral application, containing balanced gel of aluminium and magnesium hydroxide and benzocaine.
A
RP./ Gel Almageli 170ml
D. flac No. 1
S. Take 1 soup spoon 1 hour before a meal 3 times per day
10
Q
(78) Prescribe a proton pump inhibitor in the parietal cells of the stomach in the form of capsules of 20mgm used for peptic ulcer (Pirenzepine, Famotidine, Omerprazole)
A
RP./ Omeprazoli 20mg
D. Flac No 1
S. Take 1 soup spoon 1 hour before a meal 3 times a day
11
Q
(79) Prescribe in tablets of 8mg an antimetic drug, which is a selective antagonist 5-HT3 -receptors ( Aprepitant, Metoclopramide, Ondansetron)
A
RP./ Ondansetroni 8 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in tabulletis.
S. Take 2 tablets per day for 5 days
Aprepitant- NK1 -receptor antagonist
Metoclopramide - D2 - receptor antagonist
12
Q
(80) Prescribe in film coated tablets of 5mg sunthetic stimlant laxative agent acting mainly on the large intestine with slow developing effect (Docusate sodium, Lactulose, Bisacodyl)
A
RP./ Bisacodyli 5 mg
D. scat No 1 in film-tab
S. Take 1 tablet in the evening
Docusate sodium - emollient laxative; stool-softening effect
Lactulose - synthetic disaccharide; osmotic laxative
13
Q
(81) Prescribe in capsule of 2 mg antidiarrheal drug, which stimulates peripheral opioid receptors ( Diosmectite, Bisacodyl, Loperamide)
A
RP./ Loperamidi 2mg
D. scat. No. 1 in caps.
S. Take 2 capsule as a single dose and after that 1 capsule after every defecation
Diosmectite - adsorbent
Bisacodyl - Contact laxative
14
Q
(82) Prescribe in capsules of 110mg hepatoprotective drug, containing bioflavonoids ( Isoniazid, Silymarin, Ademetionine).
A
RP./ Silymarini 110mg
D. Scat. No 1 in caps.
S. Take 2 capsules per day.
Ademethionine - Adenosine- methionine
Isoniazid - hydrazide of nicotinic acid ; antitubercular drug
15
Q
(83) Prescribe in tablets of 400mg spasmolytic agent with selective activity on extrahepatic bile ducts ( Drotaverine, Hymecromone, Morphine)
A
RP./ Hymecromoni 400 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times per day before a meal.
Drotaverine - spasmolytic drug
Morphine - opioid analgesic
16
Q
(84) Prescribe pancreatin in gastro-resistant tablets with lipase activity 10,000 units (Mezym forte, Pantoprazole, Famotidine)
A
RP./ Mezym Forte 10,000 EurPhU
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab.
S. Take 2 tablets during your main meal.
Pantoprazole - proton pump inhibitor
Famotidine- H2- Blocker
17
Q
(85) Prescribe vitamin in the form of oral drops in vials of 200,000 IU/10 ml for the prevention of rickets (Retinol, Cholecalciferol, Ascorbic Acid)
A
RP./ Sol. Vigantoli 20,000 IU/10ml
D. Flac. No 1
S. Take 2 drops daily.
Retinol - vit. A
Ascorbic Acid- Vit. C
18
Q
(86) Prescribe an anti-gout drug that suppresses xanthine oxidase in tablets of 100 mg (Allopurinol, Colchicine, Hydrochlorothiazide)
A
RP./ Miluriti 100mg
D. Scat. No 1 in tab
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times per day
Colchicine - inhibitor of mitosis; blocks mitosis in metaphase
Hydrochlorothiazide - thiazide diuretic
19
Q
(87) Prescribe drug for the treatment of myxoedema in tablets of 50mcg ( Propylthiouracil, Levothyroxine, Thiamazole)
A
RP./ Levothyroxini 50 mcg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet daily 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Propylthiouracil, Thiamazole - antithyroid drug, inhibits iodine oxidation and thyroid hormone synthesis
20
Q
(88) Prescribe synthetic antithyroid drug in tablets of 5mg (Potassium iodide, Levothyroxine , Thiamazole).
A
RP./ Thiamazoli 5mg
D. Scat. No 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablets 2 times per day.
Potassium iodide - inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, iodide salt/ non - synthetic antithyroid supplement/;
Levothyroxine - analogue of the endogenous thyroxin hormone (T4)
21
Q
(89) Prescribe insulin with rapid onset, which is suitable for the treatment of hyperglycaemic coma.
A
RP./ Sol. Actrapidi 40UI/ml- 10ml
D. Scat. No 1 in flac.
S. Apply one slowly i.v. for the treatment for hyperglycaemic coma.
22
Q
(90) Prescribe an antidiabetic drug from the biguanide group in film-coated tablets of 1000 mg (Metformin, Glibenclamide, Linagliptin)
A
RP./ Metformini 1000 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in film-tab
S. Take 1 Tablet 3 times per day before your main meal
Glibenclamide - A sulfonylurea drug (insulin secretagogue) ; oral antidiabetic drug;
Linagliptin - dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitor; increase the levels of endogenous incretin hormones (oral antidiabetic drug);
23
Q
(91) Prescribe a glucorticoid , which is a fluorinated derivative of predisolone in tablets of 0.5 mg (Prednisone, Betamethasone , Dexamethasone)
A
RP./ Dexamathasoni 0.5mg
D. Scat. No 1 in tab.
S. Take 2 tablets (1mg) daily in the morning
Betamethasone - fluorinated derivative of methylprednisolone, most often is applied an ointment on the skin
Prednisone - cortisone derivative
24
Q
(92) Prescribe glucocorticoid in dry ampules of 40 mg for the treatment of anaphylactic type hypersensitivity reactions ( Adredaline, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone)
A
RP./ Methylprednisoloni 40 mg
D. t. d. No 5 in amp.
S. Dissolve one ampoule with 5% glucose and apply i.m. or slowly i.v.
Adredaline - endogenous catecholamine
Prednisolone - Hydrocortisone derivative
25
(93) Prescribe skin ointment, containing fluocinolone and neomycin ( Flucinar, Miconazole, Flucinar N)
RP./ Unguenti Flucinari N 15g
D. Tab No 1
S. Apply on the affected skin area 2 times per day 7 days
Flucinar - contain flucolone without neomycin
Minoazole - antimycotic drug, an azole derivative
26
(94) Prescribe a hormonal contraceptive for oral administration ( Esracomb , Logest, Sildenafil)
RP./ Logesti 0.02 mg / 0.075 mg
D. Scat No 1 in film-tab.
S. Take 1 tablet per day with little amount of water for 21 days after that make a seven-day free interval.
Esracomb - estradiol and progesterone therapy for postmenopausal symptoms
Sildenafil- phosphodiesterase 5-enzyme inhibitor for erectile dysfunction in men
27
(95) Prescribe hormonal uterokinetic drug in ampoules of 5 UI/1 ml (Oxytocin, Salbutamol, Methylergobrevine)
RP./ Sol. Oxytocini 5 UI/1 ml
D. t. d. N 10 amp
S. Apply 1 ampule i.m.
Salbutamol - beta2- adrenergic receptor agonist
Methylergobrevine - Uterokinetic, ergot - alkaloid
28
(96) Prescribe 5 ampoules containing 10 mcg/2 ml solution of beta2-agonist, used for conditions requiring acute tocolysis (Dinoprostone, Nifedipine, Hexoprenaline)
RP./ Sol. Hexoprenalini 10 mcg/ 2ml
D. t. d. No 5 in amp
S. Dissolve 1 ampoule with 10 ml physiologic solution and apply slowly intravenously.
Dinoprostone - analogue of PGE2; applied i.v. it exerts an uteroactive effect;
Nifedipine - Ca2+ channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type
29
(97) Prescribe in tablets of 1 000 000 UI acid stable penicillin for a patient with tonsillitis (Benzylpenicillin , Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Cefalexine)
Rp./ Phenoxymethylpenicillini 1 000 000 UI
D. Scat. No 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet every 6 hours / 4 times daily/
Benzylpenicillin - natural penicillin for IV application
Cefalexine - cephalosporin 1 gen.
30
(98) Prescribe 20 dry vials of 1 000 000 UI containing antibiotic for parenteral application for a patient with acute rheumatic attach (Aciclovir, Benzylpenicillin. Ciprofloxacin)
RP./ Benzylpenicillini 1 000 000 UI
D. Flac No 20
S. Dissolve with physiological solution and apply IV every 6 hours
Aciclovir - antiviral, for treatment of Herpes simplex and varizella zoster herpes infections
Ciclofloxacin- Fluoroquinolone
31
(99) Prescribe a wide-spectrum aminopenicillin with high intestinal absorption for a baby with body weight 9kg (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Co-trimoxazole)
Daily Dose - 50mg/kg -> 50mg/kg x 9kg = 450 mg per day
Divided into 3 single doses - 450mg : 3= 150 mg
250mg/ 5 ml -> 150 mg/ x ml
X= 5ml x 150 mg / 250 mg = 3ml
RP./ Amoxicillin 250 mg / 5ml - 60 ml
D. Flac No 1
S. Take 3ml every 8 hours/ 3 times per day/
32
(100) Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 1000 mg amoxicillin protected with clavulanic acid for a patient with mixed urinary infection (Augmentin, Tazocin, Sulperazon)
RP./ Augmentini 1000mg
D. Scat. No 1 in film-tab
S. Take 1 tablet every 12 hours
Tazocin - Tazobactam - piperacillin
Sulperazon - sulbactam + cefoperazone
33
(101) Prescribe third generation cephalosporin in vials 1 g for i.m. injection and considerable urinary biliary excretion long plasma (Cefepime, Meropenem , Ceftraxone). For i.m. application 1 g from the substance is dissolved in 4ml 1% solution of lidocaine.
RP./ Ceftriaxoni 1 g
D. t. d. No 10 in flac.
S. Dissolve 1g ceftriaxone with 4ml 1% Lidocaine solution and apply i.m.
RP./ Solutionis Lidocaini 1% 4ml
D. t. d. No 10 in amp.
S. dissolve the solution with 1g of the anitbiotic. For IM application
Cefepime - cephalosporin
Meropenem - carbapenem (beta-lactam antibiotic)
34
(102) Prescribe in ampoules of 80mg/ 2ml aminoglycoside antibiotic for treatment of Gram-negative urinary infection ( Spiramycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin)
RP./ Gentamicini 80 mg /2 ml
D. t. d. No 10 in amp
S. Apply i.m. 1 ampule 2 times per day
Spiramycin - macrolide
Levoflaxacin - fluroquinolone
35
(103) Prescribe an antibiotic to a pregnant with an upper respiratory tract infection that is harmless to fetus (Doxycycline, Amikacin, Amoxicillin)
RP./ Amoxicillini 1000 mg
D. Scat No 1 in tab
S. Take 1 tablet 2 times per day for 7 days.
Doxycycline - tetracycline antibiotic
Amikacin - aminoglycoside anitbiotic
36
(104) Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 500 mg a macrolide antibiotic, used in the combined therapy of peptic ulcer ( Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Tetracycline, Clarithromycin)
RP./ Clarythromycini 500 mg
D. scat. No 1 in film- tab
S. take 1 tablets 2 times per day for 10 days.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin -acid stable penicilin
Tetracycline - tetracycline antiobiotic
37
(105) Prescribe in tablets of 500 000 UI an antimycotic antibiotic for treatment of enteral candidosis ( Nystatin , Fluconazole, Clotrimazole).
RP./ Nystatini 500 000 UI
D. scat. No 1 in tab,
S. take 1 tablet 3 times per day.
Fluconazole - antimicotic for systemic application, azole derivative
Clotrimazole - antimicotic for local application, azole derivative
38
(106) Prescribe combined preparation, containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprime (Tienam, Co-Trimoxazole, Rodogyl )
RP./ Co-trimoxazoli 480mg
D scat. No 1 in tab.
S Take 1 tablet 2 times daily
Tienam - Imipenem/ Cilastatin
Rodogyl - spiramycin/ metronidazole
39
(107) Prescribe in film - coated tablets of 500mg fluoroquinolone for treatment of an adult patient with urinary infection (Augmentin, Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin).
RP./ Ciprofloxacini 500 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in film-tab
S. take 1 tablet every every 12 hours (2 times per day)
Augmentin - Amoxicillin ( aminopenicillin) + clavulanic acid ( beta- lactamase)
Azithromycin - macrolife
40
(108) Prescribe an antitubercular drug in tablets of 100 mg which is a hydrazide derivative of isonicotinic acid ( Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin)
RP./ Isoniazidi 100 mg
D. scat. No 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times daily
Ethambutol - Ethylenediamine derivative / first-line antimycobacterial drug/
Rifapicin - Antimycobacterial antibiotic that is also used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
41
(109) Prescribe an antitubercular antibiotic that is also effective in infections caused by methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus in capsule of 300mg (Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Ethambutol)
RP./ Rifampcini (Tubocini) 300 mg
D. scat. No 1 in caps
S. Take 1 capsule 2 times per day 60 minutes before a meal.
Pyrazinamide - A synthetic pyrzionic acid amide derivative/ first- line antimycobacterial antibiotic/
Ethabutol - enthylenediamine derivative /first line antimycobacterial drug/
42
(110) Prescribe an antitrichomonal drug for oral administartion in tablets of 500 mg (Tinidazole, Nystatin, Clotrimazole).
RP./ Tinidazoli 500 mg
D. scat No 1 in tab.
S. Take 4 tablets (2 g) as a single dose
Nystatin - antimycotic antibiotic
Clotrimazole - Antimycotic drug, an azole derivative.
43
(111) Prescribe antimicrobial agent in vials of 0.5% 100 ml intravenous infusion, used in the treatment of anaerobic infections (Metrodiazole, Ketoconazole, Aztreonam)
RP./ Metronidazoli 0.5% 100 ml
D. Flac. No 10
S. For i.v. infusion 1 vial times per day.
Ketoconazole - antimycotic drug, an azole derivative
Aztreonam - monobactam (beta - lactam antibiotic)
44
(112) Prescribe in tablets of 250 mg drug with haemathoshisotropic and immunosurppressive effect for prophylaxis for all types of malaria (Zidovudine, Doxycycline, Chloroquine).
RP./ Chloroquini 250 mg
D. Scat No. 1 in tab.
S. Take 2 tablets once a week at the same time 2 weeks before entering the endemic and 4 weeks after leaving it.
Zidovudine - nucleoside inverse transcriptase inhibitor
Doxycycline - tetracycline antibiotic
45
(113) Prescribe a nucleoside analogue in the form of dry vials of 250 mg for solution of infusion, indicated in the treatment of encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus (Aciclovir, Ininavir, Oseltamivir).
RP./ Acycloviri 250 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in flac.
S. Apply 1 vial i.v. every 8 hours for 5 days.
Indinavir - protease inhibitor
Oseltamivir - neurominidase inhibitor
46
(114) Prescribe antiretroviral drug for treatment of AIDS in capsules of 100 mg ( Voriconazole, Zidovudine, Rimantadine).
RP./ Zidovudini 100 mg
D. Scat. No 1 in caps.
S. take 2 tablets 3 times per day (600 mg maximum daily dose).
Voriconazole - antimycotic drug, an azole derivative
Rimantadine - M2-protein inhibitor, antiviral drug against influenza A
47
(115) Prescribe combined drug in pastilles, containing 250 mcg dequaline and 30 mg absorbic acid, for disinfection of oral mucose and throat (Efisol, Trachisan, Chlohexidine).
RP./ Efisoli 250mg/ 30 mg
D. scat No 1 in pastilles
S. take 1 every hours / upto to 8 pastilles per day/
Trachisan - Tyrothricin 0.5 mg, chlorohexidini digluconas 1mg, Lidocaini hydrichloridum 1mg
Chlorohexidine - disinfectant and antiseptic agent
48
(116) Prescribe in tablets of 100 mg benzimidazole derivative for single application for children above 2 years of age and adults with enterobiosis. Label: Take 1 tablet as a single dose. After 2 weeks, the dose is repeated (Mebendazole, Metronidazole, Praziquantel)
RP./ Mebendazoli 100mg
D. Scat No 1 in tab
S. take 1 tablet as a single dose. After 2 weeks, the dose is repeat
Metronidazole - antimicrobial drug against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa
Praziquantel - antihelminthic drug against cestodes and schistosomes
49
(117) Prescribe in tablets of 50 mg alkylating antineoplastic agent used in lung cancer (Cyclophsphamide, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin).
RP./ Cyclosphaminidi 50 mg
D. scat No. 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times per day
Methotrexate - anticancer drug, immunosuppressant
Doxorubicin - anticancer antibiotic, anthracycline
50
(118) Prescribe ten ampules an antidote for coumarin anticoagulants in solution of 10mg/ 1 ml for intravenous administration ( Apixaban, Phtomenadione, Clopidogrel)
RP./ Sol. Phytomenadioni 10 mg/ 1 ml
D. t d. No 10 in amp.
S. Apply i.v.
Apixaban - inhibitor of factor Xa
Clopidogrel - antiplatelet drug, inhibitor of the receptors for ADO ( P2Y12 receptrs)
51
(119) Prescribe a heparin inactivating preparation in ampules of 1% 5 ml for intravenous administration ( Penicillamine, Obidoxime, Protamine sulfate)
RP./ Sol. Protamini Sulfatis 1% 5ml
D. t. d. No 5 in amp.
S, for i.v. infusion
Penicillamine - chelating agent/ for treatment of intoxication with copper and lead/
Obidoxime - restores the activity of acetylecholine esterase enzyme
52
(120) Prescribe a pure antagonist of morphine in ampules of 0.4 mg/ 1ml (Deferoxamine, Naloxone, Methadone)
RP./ Sol. Naloxoni 0.4mg/1ml
D. t. d. No 10 in ampoules.
S. For i.v. application
Deferoxamine - iron- chelating agent
Methadone - synthetic opioid
53
(121) Prescribe in the form of solution a competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine anxiolytics in ampules of 0.5 mg/ 5ml (Digibind, Diazepam, Flumazenil).
RP./ Sol Flumzenili 0.5 mg/ 5ml
D.t.d No 5 in amp.
S. for i.v. application
Digibind - monoclonal antibody against Digoxin
Diazepam - a benzodiazepine drug.
54
(4) Types of Tablets. Prescribe a) Metamizole in tablets of 500 mg b) Glyceryl trinitrate in sublingual tablets of 0.5 mg c) Metronidazole in vaginal tablets of 500mg
a) RP./ Meamizoli 500 mg
D. scat No 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablets 3 times per day
b) RP./ Glycerili trinitratis 0.5 mg
D. scat No 2 in ling.
S. Put 1 tablet under the tongue when needed
c) RP./ Metronidazoli 500 mg
D. scat No 1 in tab. vag.
S. Put 1 tablet vaginally in evening for 7 days
55
(5) Types of tablets. Prescribe a)Ciprofloxacin in film-coated tablets of 500mg b) Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum Acetylsalicyclium) in effervescent tablets of 324 mg C) Pantoprazole in enterosolvent tablets of 20mg.
a) RP./ Ciprofloxacini 500 mg
D. scat No 1 in film - tabulletis
S. Take 1 tablet every 12 hours for 7 days
b) Acidi acetylesalicilici 324 mg
D. scat No 1 in tab. -efferv
S. Dissolve 1 tablet in 200 ml water 3 times per day. Take after a meal
c) RP./ Pantoprazoli 20 mg
D. scat No 1 in tabl. - entersolv.
Take 1 tablet on an empty stomach (30 minutes before a meal) once daily
56
(6) Types of tablets. Prescribe a) Verapmil in slow release tablets of 240 mg b) Dipyridamole in film coated tablets of 25 mg
a) RP./ Verapmili 240 mg
D. scat No 1 in depot - tab
S. Take 1 tablet daily
b) RP./ Dipyridamoli 25mg
D. scat No 1 in film - tab
S. Take 1 tablet daily
57
(7) Types of capsules. prescribe : Doxycycline in capsules 100 mg
RP./ Doxycyclini 100 mg
D. scat. No 1 in caps.
S. Take 1 capsule 3 times per day
58
(8) Types of powders. Prescribe as powder for oral application a) 50 g Sodium bicarbonate (Natrii hydrocarbonas) b) Caffeine (caffeinum Natrii Benzoas) 50 mg and Metamizole 500mg (20 powders)
a) RP./ Pulveris Natrii Hydrogencarbonatis 50 g
D. S. take 1 tea spoon dissolved in water 3 times per day
```
b) RP./ Coffeini Natrii Benzoatis 50 mg
Metamizoli 500 mg
M. f . Pulv (Misce Fiat pulvis)
D. t. d. N 20
S. Take 1 tea spoon dissolved in water 3 times per day
```
59
(9) Types of powders. Prescribe a) 20 magistral powders for oral application, containing 10 mg codeini phosphas; b) Sulfathiazole in the form of officinal dermal powder in vials of 10 g.
RP./ Sulfathiazoli 10g
D. Flac. No 1
S. Apply on the skin (3-4 times daily)
60
(10) Sachets and Speicei: a) Prescribe Diosmectite as powder for oral suspension in sachets of 3g: b) Prescribe a species containing flowers of teil tree and chamomile and stalks of thyme 30 g each. Label: One tablespoon of the crude drug is covered by 300 ml boiling water. After cooling. gargle 3 times a day. After the preparation cools down gargle is made three times daily.
a) RP./ Pulveris Diosmecititi 3g
D. t. d. No 10 in sachets
S. dissolve 1 sachet in 50-100 ml water and take 3 times per day.
b) Florum Tiliae
Florum Chamomillae
Herbae Thymi aa 30 g
M.D.S. 1 soup spoon is indudated with 300 ml boiling water. When cooled down filter and gargle 3 times per day
61
(11) Types of ointment. Prescribe a) Tobramycin in the form of an officinal eye ointment in a tube of 3.5g b) 30 g magistral ointment, containing 2 g Acidum saliculicum and 4 g Acidum benzoicum , used for the treatment of mycoses.
a) RP./ Unguenti Optalmici Tobramycini 3.5 g
D. Tubam No 1
S. Apply the lower lid 2 times per day
```
b) RP./ Acidi Salicyclici 2g
Acidi Benzoici 4g
Vaselini and 24 g
Misce Fiat unguentum (M. f. ung.)
D. S. Apply on the affected skin area 2 times per day
```
62
(12) Creme and gel. Prescribe : a) Terbinafine 1% in the form officinal cream in a tube of 15 g; b) Diclofenac in the form of gel 5 % in a tube of 50 g
a) RP./ Creme Terbinafini 1 % 15 g
Da Tubam No 1
S. Apply on the skin 2 times per day for 7 days
b) Gel Diclofenaci 5% 50 g
Da Tubam No 1
S. Apply locally every 4 hours (3-4 times daily)
63
(13) Suppositories. Prescribe one box of officinal suppositories : a) Paracetamol of 150mg for children of age between six months and three years ; b) Doloproct (contains flucortolone and lidocaine)
a) RP./ Supp. Paracetamoli 150mg
D. Scat No. 1
S. 1 suppository is applied rectally 2 times per day
b) RP./ Supp. Doloprocti
D. Scat No. 1
S. 1 suppository is applied rectally
64
(14) Transdermal therapeutic system. Prescribe on a yellow prescription order 10 patches, releasing 50 mcg/h of Fentanyl.
RP./ Fentanyli TTS 50 micrograms/ h
D. t. d. No 10
S. Apply 1 patch on an intact skin area on the forearm every 72 hours
65
(15) Solutions. Prescribe a) 4% 150 ml Sodium Citrate as a solution for oral application in both short and non-short form (label: Take 1 soup spoon 3-4 times daily) ; b) 5% 100 g alcoholic solution of Iodine (Solutio Iodi Spirituosae) for treatment of the operating area.
a) 4% -> 4 g in 100ml
X g in 150 ml
X = 4 x 150 / 100 = 6g
RP./ Natrii Citratis 6 g
Aqua Destillatae ad 150 ml
Misce Fiat solutio
D. S . 1 soup spoon 3 times per day
RP./ Solutionis Natrii citrasis 4% 150 ml
D. S. 1 soup spoon 3 times per day
66
(16) Mixtures. Prescribe 1 vial of 140 ml Tussirol. Label: take 1 soup spoon every 8 hours
RP./ Tussirol 140 ml
Da Flacon No 1
S. 1 soup spoon 3 times per day
67
(17) Drops. Prescribe: a) 20 g Tinctura Valerianae; b) 0.1% Solution of Xylometazoline in the form of nasal drops in vials of 10ml
RP./ Tincturae Valerianae 20g
D.S 20 droplets in 150 ml water 3 times per day
RP./ Sol. Xylometazolini 0.1% 10ml
Da flacon No 1
S. 3 Droplets in each nostril
68
(18) Suspension. Prescribe one vial of Amoxicillin (250mg/5ml-60ml) in granules to prepare an oral suspension for a child weighing 12kg ( The daily does is 50 mg/kg divided into 3 equal single doses)
Rp./ Gran. Amoxicillini 250 mg/ 5 ml
Da flacon № 1
S. 4 ml 3 times per day
250 mg/ 5 ml
200 mg/ X ml
X = (5 x 200)/ 250= 1 000/250= 4 ml
Daily dose= 50 mg/ kg=> for a 12 kg child the daily dose= 12 x 50= 600
mg, divided into 3 equal single doses 600/3=200 mg per dose
Calculate how many mg are there in 1 ml 250mg/ 5ml 50 mg/ 1 ml
200 mg are contained in X ml.
69
(19) Infusion and decoction. Prescribe decoction from the leaves of Bearberry (10 g/200
g) .
Bear grape- Uva-ursi
Rp./ Infusi Uva-ursi 10 g
D. S. prepare in boiling water for 15 min
Rp./ Decocti Uva-ursi 200g
D. S. prepare in boiling water for 30 min
70
(20) Liquid drug forms for injections. Prescribe: a) 5 ampoules Pethidine (5% 2 ml); b)
one vial Fentanyl 0,005% 10 ml. Calculate the dose of each drug present in 2 ml
water solution; c) ten dry ampoules of 40 mg Methylprednisolone
```
Rp./ Pethidini 5 % 2 ml
D. t. d. № 5 in ampullis
S. Im
♯
Rp./ Fentanyli 0. 005 % 10 ml
Da flacon № 1
S. im
0, 005- 100
X - 2
X= (2x 0, 005)/ 100= 0.0001 0.0001 g in 2 ml
5- 100
X- 2
X= 10/100= 0.1 0.1 g in 2 ml
Rp./ Methylprednisoloni 40 mg
Da tales doses № 10 in ampullis
S. IM
```
71
(21) Air form formulations. Prescribe: a.) 1 vial Fluticasone as officinal nasal spray
containing 120 single doses of 50 micrograms; b.) officinal dose-metered spray
Salbutamol for inhalation in the mouth which contains at least 200 single doses (0,1
mg/dose).
```
a)
Rp./ Spray Fluticasoni 50 micrograms/ dose
Da flacon № 1
S. for inhalation
b)
Rp./ Salbutamoli spray 0,1 mg/ dose
D. S. for inhalation in the mouth
```
72
(53) scribe an antihypertensive drug in tablets of 40 mg, which is a nonselective betaadrenergic blocker with membrane stabilizing activity (Metoprolol, Atenolol,
Propranolol).
Rp./ Propranololi 40 mg
D. scat. N 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 2 times per day.
73
(54) Prescribe an antihypertensive drug in tablets of 10 mg, blocking angiotensinconverting enzyme (Amlodipine, Enalapril, Losartan).
Rp./ Enalaprili 10 mg
D. scat. N 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet per day in the morning
Amlodipine – calcium channel blocker from the dihydropyridine group;
Losartan – AT1-blocker (blocks the receptors for angiotensin II);
74
(55) Prescribe a combined antihypertensive drug, containing 20 mg of enalapril and 12,5
mg of hydrochlorothiazide.
Rp./ Co-Renaprili 20 mg/ 12, 5 mg
D. scat. N 1 in tab.
S. Take 1 tablet in the morning.
75
(56) Prescribe in vials a coronary dilator for the treatment of anginal attack and
hypertensive crisis in the form of dosed oromucosal spray containing 300 single doses
of 1.25 micrograms (Nifedipine, Isosorbide dinitrate, Enalapril).
Rp./ Spray Isosorbidi dinitratis 1, 25 micrograms/ pro dosi (300 doses)
D. flac. N 1
S. Inject under the tongue during an anginal attack.
Nifedipine – calcium channel blocker from the dihydropyridine group;
Enalapril – ACE-inhibitor
76
```
(57) Prescribe in tablets of 120 mg antiarrhythmic drug from the class of calcium
antagonists (Adenosine, Ivabradine, Verapamil)
```
Rp./ Verapamili 120 mg
D. scat. N 1 in film-tab.
S. Take 1 tablet 2 times per day.
Adenosine – a purine nucleotide and an antiarrhythmic drug; it is applied i.v for the treatment of
supraventricular tachycardia;
Ivabradine – If-channel inhibitor (a mixed sodium-potassium inward current in the SA node);
77
(58) . Prescribe 6 ampoules containing cardiac glycoside 0.5 mg/2 ml for intravenous
administration (Dobutamine, Digoxin, Methyldigoxin).
RP./ Digoxin 0.25mg/ml
D.t.d No. 6 in amp
S. intravenously
Dobutamine – direct selective beta 1 adrenomimetic
Methyldigoxin – cardiac glycoside only tab
Digoxin - inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase, cardiac glycosides cause intracellular sodium concentration to increase.
78
(59) Prescribe a calcium antagonist, improving brain circulation in capsules of 5 mg
(Naftidrofuryl, Aminophylline, Flunarizine).
RP./ Flunarizini 5 mg
D. Scat No. 1 in caps.
S. Take 1 tablet daily in evening
Naftidrofuryl - serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonisT
Aminophylline - Complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine and is given for its theophylline activity to relax smooth muscle and to relieve bronchial spasm.
Flunarizine - is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity.
79
(60) Prescribe in film-coated tablets of 50 mg a selective agonist of 5-HT1D-receptors used
for treatment of migraine (Ergotamine, Sodium valproate, Sumatriptan).
RP./ Sumatrptan 50mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in film tab
S. 1 tablet 3 times a day
Ergotamine - anti-migraine effect is due to constriction of the intracranial extracerebral blood vessels through the 5-HT1B receptor, and by inhibiting trigeminal neurotransmission by 5-HT1D receptors
Sodium valproate - blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels and increased brain levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Sumatripta - antimigraine drug, is a selective agonist of vascular serotonin ((5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) type 1-like receptors, likely the 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B subtypes.
80
(61) Prescribe in capsules of 300 mg a venotonic agent which is a semisynthetic derivative
of rutin (Diosmin, Detralex®
, Troxerutin)
RP./ Troxevasin 300mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in caps
S. 1 capsule 3 times a day
Detralex - venous and angioprotective properties.
Troxevasin - angioprotective drug with decongestant and anti-inflammatory used to treat venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and others.
81
(62) Prescribe in tablets of 100 mg a saluretic drug with long lasting effect
(Hydrochlorothiazide, Torasemide, Chlorthalidone).
RP./ Chlorthalidone 100mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets
S. 1 tablet daily
Hydrochlorothiazide - inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys.
Torsemide - pyridine-sulfonylurea type loop diuretic mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Chlorthalidone - sulfonamide derivative that acts in a similar fashion as thiazides. Its site of action is in the distal ascending tubule stretch, where the active sodium reabsorption is
82
(63) Prescribe 5 ampoules loop diuretic in the form of solution 20 mg/2ml (Mannitol,
Spironolactone, Furosemide)
RP./ Furosemide 20 mg/ml
D.t.d No. 5 in amp
S. 1 ampoule intravenously
Mannitol - osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally
Spironolactone - pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone
Furosemide - sulfonamide diuretic. Its effect is based on the inhibition of the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
83
(64) Prescribe in slow-release film-coated tablets of 325 mg a drug, containing iron sulfate
(Ferro-Gradumet®, Epoetin alfa, Ferinject®).
RP./ Ferro-Gradumet 325 mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets
S. 1 tablet 3 times a day
Iron sulfate - eplaces iron stores found in hemoglobin in red blood cells, myoglobin and other heme enzymes in the body.
Cyanocobalamin – (Vit B12) chemically complex of all the vitamins.
Phytonadione - co-factor for gamma-glutamylcarboxylase
84
```
(65) Prescribe solution of vitamin for treatment of megaloblastic anaemia in ampoules of
1000 micrograms (Ferrous sulfate, Cyanocobalamin, Phytomenadione).
```
RP./ Cyanocobalamin 1000 micrograms
D.t.d No. 5 in amp
S. for intramuscular injection
Iron sulfate - eplaces iron stores found in hemoglobin in red blood cells, myoglobin and other heme enzymes in the body.
Cyanocobalamin – (Vit B12) chemically complex of all the vitamins.
Phytonadione - co-factor for gamma-glutamylcarboxylase
85
(66) Prescribe antianaemic drug as solution in vials of 3000 UI/0,3 ml for a patient with
chronic renal failure on haemodialysis (Cyanocobalamin, Epoetin alfa,
Chloramphenicol)
RP./ Epoetin alfa 3000 Ul/0.3ml
D.t.d No.5 in flac
S. subcutaneous injection
Cyanocobalamin - (Vit B12) chemically complex of all the vitamins.
Epoetin alfa - injectable drug for treating anemia
Chloramphenicol - bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis.
86
(67) Prescribe as form of injectable solution in prefilled disposable syringes of 300
mcg/0,5 ml for subcutaneous application, drug containing recombinant human G-CSF
(Chloramphenicol, Filgrastim, Cyclophosphamide).
RP./ Filgrastim 300 mcg/0.5ml
D.t.d No. 5 in prefilled syringes
S. subcutaneous application
Chloramphenicol - bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis
Filgrastim - human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) produced by recombinant DNA technology.
Cyclophosphamide - alkylating agent that is one of the most efficacious immunosuppressive drugs
87
(68) Prescribe electrolyte solution for intravenous infusion in vials of 500 ml (Gelofusin®, Intralipid®
, Solutio Ringeri [Hartmann Solution]).
RP./ Hartmann’s solution 500ml
Da flac No. 1
S. for intravenous application
Gelofusine - Volume expander that is used as a blood plasma replacement
Intralipid - Sterile fat emulsions for intravenous infusion
Hartmann’s solution - is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure.
88
(22) Calculate Vd (volume of distribution) of Propranolol having in mind that after single
oral dose of 30 mg its steady-state plasma concentration is 100 ng/ml
Vd = Dose/Plasma concentration
= 30mg/100mg/ml = 30000000 ng/100ng/ml = 30,000/1 ml = 300L = High Vd
High Vd = good as drug distributes to the tissues well
89
(23) Calculate the loading dose of Lidocaine, which should be applied as a bolus venous
injection within a period of 2 min to a patient with ventricular tachycardia and body
weight 70 kg, having in mind that the volume of distribution of the drug is 0,5 l/kg,
and its steady-state plasma concentration is 2 mg/l
0.5 x 70 = 35L therefore 35 = x/2 therefore x = 2 x 35 = 70mg
Loading dose = 70mg
90
(24) Gentamicin has plasma half-life 2 hours and dosage interval of 8 hours in patients
with normal kidney function. Calculate adjusted dosage interval in a patient with
renal failure which leads to prolongation of the gentamicin plasma half-life to 15
hours.
Normal half life = 2 hours with dosage interval of 8 hours. If you increase half life to 15 hours, that is a 7.5 x increase, therefore we must increase dosage interval by 7.5.
7.5 x 8 = 60 hours
91
(25) Prescribe musacrinic agonist with direct action as eye drops of 2% 10 ml (Atropine,
Timolol, Pilocarpine)
RP./ Sol. Pilocarpine 2% 10ml
Da flacon No1
S. Put 1-2 drops in each eye 2-3 times per day
Not Atropine - M-Chollinolytic spasmolytic
Not Timolol - non-selective 1st generation beta blocker in opthalmology and cardiology
Pilocarpine – direct acting cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent which acts through direct stimulation of muscarinic receptors and smooth muscle such as the iris and secretory glands.
92
(26) Prescribe Bulgarian preparation, obtained from bulbs of snow drops which belongs to
the group of reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in ampoules for subcutaneous
injection (Carbachol, Galantamine, Atropine).
RP./ Sol. Galanthamine 0.5% 1ml (or 0.25% or 1%)
D.t.d. No. 20 in amp
S. Inject 1ml subcut. 1 per day (for 3 weeks)
Not Carbachol - non-selective cholinergic agonist with direct effect
Not Atropine - M-cholinolytic not anticholinesterase
Galantamine - parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
93
(27) Prescribe antimusacrinic drug from natural origin in ampoules of 1 mg/1ml
(Pyridostigmine, Atropine, Butylscopolamine)
RP./ Sol. Atropini sulphate 1mg/ml
D.t.d No. 10 in amp
S. Inject 1ml intramuscularly (IM) 1 per day
Not Pyridostigmine - synthetic reversible anticholinesterase (blocker of cholinesterase)
Not Butylscopolamine - M-antagonist BUT semi-synthetic derivative of scopolamine
Atropine - inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles, which respond to endogenous acetylcholine but are not so innervated.
94
(28) Prescribe 3 ampoules of 5 ml depolarizing type neuromuscular blocker as a solution
of 10 mg/ml for application in a patient with body weight 70 kg. (Tubocurarine,
Galantamine, Suxamethonium). The daily dose is 0,5 mg/kg. Explain the possible
adverse reactions
Daily dose = 0.5mg/kg/24hrs (patient =70kg)
● 0.5 x 70 = 35mg
In 5ml vial = 50mg drug - 50/35 = 1.43 ml
RP./ Sol. Suxamethonii 10mg/ml - 5ml
D.t.d. No. 3 in amp
S. inject 1.43 ml intravenously (IV)
Not Galatamine - reversible cholinesterase blocker
Not Tubocurarine - toxic alkaloid used for arrow poison
Suxamethonium - Neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) act at several sites at the neuromuscular junction, but their main effects are as agonists and antagonists at postjunctional nicotinic receptors
95
(29) Prescribe a vial of dose-metered nasal spray 0,05% 15 ml, containing alpha1-
adrenomimetic with a duration of action 10-12 hours (Pilocarpine, Oxymetazoline,
Salbutamol)
RP./ Sol. Oxymetazolini 0.05% 15ml
D.t.d. No. 1 in amp
S. Apply in each nostril 2 times per day
Not Pilocarpine - M-agonist used for eye drops
Not Salbutamol - Fast acting beta agonist with short effect
Oxymetazoline - adrenergic alpha-agonists, direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion
96
(30) Prescribe adrenomimetic, activating alpha-, beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors
(Noradrenaline, Isoprenaline, Adrenaline)
RP./ Sol. Adrenalini 1ml/ml
D.t.d. No 5 in amp
S. Inject subcut
Not Noradrenaline - direct alpha, direct a, b1 and b3 adrenomimetic BUT not b2
Not Isoprenaline - Non selective beta agonist
Adrenaline - action on alpha-adrenergic receptors ligands to either α1, α2 or β-adrenergic receptors.
97
(31)Prescribe in tablets of 2 mg an antiasthmatic drug, inducing least frequently heart
tachiarrhytmias (Isoprenaline, Salbutamol, Metoprolol).
RP./ Salbutamol 2mg
D. scat No. 1 in in tab
S. 1 tab 3 times per day
Not Isoprenaline - non-selective beta agonist (Adrenomimetic)
Not metoprolol - beta 1 antagonist
Salbutamol - beta(2)-adrenergic agonist and thus it stimulates beta(2)-adrenergic receptors. Binding of
98
(32) Prescribe selective beta1-adrenergic blocking agent in tablets of 5 mg (Dobutamine,
Bisoprolol, Propranolol)
RP./ Bisoprolol 5mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 1 per day
Not propanolol - non-selective beta blocer
Not Dobutamine - beta1 agonist used in treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock
Bisoprolol - beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent without significant membrane stabilizing activity or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in its therapeutic dosage range.
99
(33)Prescribe a selective beta1-adrenergic blocking agent in tablets of 5 mg which
realeases nitrogen oxide from vascular endothelium (Nebivolol, Carvedilol,
Atenolol).
RP./ Nebivolol 5mg
D. scat. No. 1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 1 per day
Not Carvedilol - nonselective beta blocker
Not Atenolol - beta 2 selective but does not release NO
Nebivolol - selective beta 1-adrenergic blocking agent,
100
(34) Prescribe a drug effective in hypertensive crisis, which activates mainly central
alpha2-adrenergic receptors, in tablets of 0,15 mg (Reserpine, Nebivolol, Clonidine).
RP./ Clonidini 0.15mg
D. scat. No 1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 3 times per day
Not Nebivolol - cardio selective beta 1 blocker that release NO
Not Reserpine - irreversibly blocks vesicular monoamine transporter
Clonidine - stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptors in the brain stem. This action results in reduced sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system and in decreases in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure.
101
(35) Prescribe an antihypertensive drug which is a selective alpha1-adrenergic antagonist
in tablets of 1 mg (Midodrine, Clonidine, Prazosin)
RP./ Prazosin 1 mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tab
S. start with ½ tab once per day in the evening
Not Clonidine - alpha 2 agonist
Not Midodrine - alpha 1 agonist
Prazosin - alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist and the basis for its use in the treatment of essential hypertensio
102
(36) Prescribe a selective alfa1А blocker in capsules of 0,4 mg which is used in patients
with benign prostatic hyperplasia (Tamsulosin, Prazosin, Propranolol)
RP./ Tamsulosini 0.4mg
D.scat No.1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 1 per day
Not propranolol - non-selective beta blocker (first gen)
Not Prazosin - alpha 2 antagonist used in hypertension
Tamsulosin - alpha1 adrenoceptor blocking agent, exhibits selectivity for alpha1 receptors in the human prostate
103
(37) Prescribe in ampoules of 1% 10 ml synthetic amide-type local anaesthetic, also used
in ventricular tachycardia (Procaine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine).
RP./ Sol. Lidocaine 10% 10ml
D.t.d. No.10 in amp
S. inject subcut
Not Procaine - LA but used to reduce pain of IM injection of penicillin in dentistry
Not Amidarone - non-selective antiarrhythmic agent used to treat arrhythmias
Lidocaine - slows down the depolarization of the nerve cell membrane. This effect is based on the interaction with a specific receptor site in the sodium channel.
104
(38) . Prescribe on a green prescription form benzodiazepine hypnotic drug in tablets of 5
mg (Phenobarbital, Zolpidem, Nitrazepam).
GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP./ Nitrazepami 5mg
D. scat. No. 1 in tab
S. 1 tab 30 minutes before sleep, 2-3 times per week
Not phenobarbital - barbiturate
Not Zolpidem - euphonik with BZD mechanism but different chemical structure
Nitrazepam - hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia
105
(39) Prescribe drops for oral application, containing tinctures, prepared from Peppermint
(Mentha piperita), Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), and Valerian (Valeriana
officinalis), each in a dose of 5 g. Label: Take 20 drops 3 times daily.
RP./ T-rae Mentahe T-rae Valerianae T-rae Craetegi
M.D.S 20 drops
S. up to 3 times per day
106
(40) Prescribe drug from hydantoin group of compounds with antiepileptic and
antiarrhythmic activity in tablets of 100 mg (Phenobarbital, Ethosuximide,
Phenytoin).
RP./ Phenytoini 100mg
D. scat. No. 1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 1-3 times per day
Not Phenobarbital - hypnotic and antieplpetic
Not Ethosuximide - not from hydantoin group of compounds and for petit mal
Phenytoin - Protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage gated sodium channels. This blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials.
107
(41) Prescribe a drug on a green prescription form for intramuscular application, used in
grand mal in the form of ampoules of 10% 1 ml (Carbamazepine, Valproate sodium,
Phenobarbital).
GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP./ Sol. Phenobarbitali 10% 1ml
D.t.d. No. 10 in amp
S. Inject IM
Not Carbamazepine - for petit mal or myotonic seizures
Not Sodium valproate - route of administration oral and IV only
Phenobarbital - acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition.
108
```
(42) Prescribe benzodiazepine anxiolytic on green prescription form in ampoules, used in
status epilepticus (Bromazepam, Diazepam, Flumazenil).
```
GREEN PRESCRIPTION
RP./ Sol. Diazepami 10mg/2ml
D.t.d No 3 in amp
S. inject IM in case of status epilepticus
Not Bromazepam - BZD anxiolytic but not for status epilepticus
Not Flumazenil - competitive antagonist of BZDs and Z groups of drugs
Diazepam - a benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action
109
(43) Prescribe an antiepileptic drug chemically similar to GABA in capsules of 150 mg,
also effective in neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders (Topiramate, Pregabalin,
Levetiracetam).
RP./ Pregabalini 150mg
D. scat No. 1 in capsulis
S. Take 2 capsues daily
Not Topimerate - antiepileptic also affective in migraines
Levetiracetam - antiepileptic but not effective in postherpetic neuralgia
Pregabalin - GABAergic anticonvulsant and depressant of the central nervous system
110
(44) Prescribe in tablets a combined antiparkinsonian drug, containing 200 mg levodopa,
50 mg carbidopa and 200 mg entacapone.
RP./ Stalevo
D. Scat No.1 in tab
S. take one tablet 3 times per day
111
(45) Prescribe a butyrophenone neuroleptic in ampoules of 5 mg/1 ml, suitable for patients
with excited psychotic state (Risperidone, Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol).
RP./ Haloperidoli 5mg/1mg
D.t.d No.1 in amp
S. Inject I.V (or I.M)
Not respiridone - Atypical neuoleptic - injected 2 times monthy, slow release
Chlorpromazine - phenothiazine group of neuroleptics
Haloperidol - antagonistic activity on dopamine D2-receptors in the central nervous system
112
(46) Prescribe on a green prescription form benzodiazepine anxiolytic with weak hypnotic
effect in tablets of 10 mg (Midazolam, Medazepam, Hydroxyzine)
RP./ Medazepami 10mg
D. Scat No.1 in tab
S. take one table 3 times per day
Midazolam - BZD with hypnotic effect
Hydroxyzine - 1st generation antihistmine/H1 blocker
Medazepam - increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex by allosteric modulation of the GABA receptor.
113
(47) Prescribe in capsules of 20 mg antidepressant which inhibits selectively neuronal
uptake of serotonin (Fluoxetine, Moclobemide, Imipramine).
RP./ Fluoxetini 20 mg
D.Scat No1 in capsules
S. Take one capsule per day
Maclobemide - selective MAO-A inhibitor
Imipramine - Tricyclic antidepressant
Fluoxetine - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and does not appreciably inhibit norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake at therapeutic doses.
114
(48) Prescribe nootropic drug in film-tablets of 800 mg (Flunarizine, Fluoxetine,
Piracetam).
RP./ Piracetami 800mg
D. Scat No.1 in Film tab.
S. take one table 2-3 times per day
Flunarizine - prophylaxis of migranes/migrane prevention
Fluoxetine - SSRI (antidepressent)
Piracetam - derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
115
(49) Prescribe in ampoules of 5% 2 ml an analgesic on yellow prescription form
(Metamizole, Diclofenac, Pethidine).
RP./ Pethidine 5% 2 ml
D.t.d No 10 in amp
S. one amp intramuscularly Yellow prescription
Metamizole – inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones
Diclofenac – Phenylacetic acid derivative, inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis
Pethidine - synthetic opioid pain medication of the phenylpiperidine class
116
(50) Prescribe third generation H1-receptor blocker in the form of film coated tablets of 5
mg (Cetirizine, Desloratadine, Ranitidine).
RP./ Desloratidini 5mg
D. scat. No. 1 in tab
S. 1 tab. 1 per day
Not Ranitidine - H2 blocker suppressing gastric secretion
Not Cetirizine - 2nd Gen H1 blocker
Desloratadine - anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drug. Is a highly selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonist.
117
(51) Prescribe in tablets of 500 mg a non-opioid analgesic from the aniline group, used for
treatment of headache (Acetylsalicylic acid, Paracetamol, Celecoxib).
RP./ Paracetamol 500 mg
Da scat No 1 in tabs
S. one tablet up to 3 times a day
Acetylsalicylic acid - Derivative of Salicylic Acid
Paracetamol - Non-narcotic analgesic derivative of anitire group
Celecoxib - Derivative of Indoleacetic
118
(52) Prescribe a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug from the derivatives of propionic
acid in the form of film-tablets of 400 mg (Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, Diclofenac).
RP./ Ibuprofen 400mg
D. scat No 10 in tab
S. one tablet daily
Nimesulide – COX-2 selective,
Diclofenac - phenylacetic acid derivative, inhibits the prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Ibuprofen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug reversible inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2
119
(53) Prescribe an antihypertensive drug in tablets of 40 mg, which is a nonselective betaadrenergic blocker with membrane stabilizing activity (Metoprolol, Atenolol,
Propranolol)
RP./ Propranolol 40mg
D. Scat. No. 1 in tablets
S. 1 tablet 3 times a day
Metoprolol – a cardioselective β1-adrenergic blocking agent used for acute myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, angina pectoris and mild to moderate hypertension
Atenolol - a beta-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking drug without partial agonist or membrane stabilising activity.
Propranolol - non-selective beta blocker; that is, it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) at both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors
120
(1) Basics of how to write prescription
Inscriptio, Prepposito RP./, Praescriptio - name of drug and dogs (mg, micrograms/ml/%), Subscriptio - directions of use.
Types of pres:
White - not causing addiction , upto 5 meds
Prescription form No 5 - full or partially paid by NHI fun upto 3-11
Green prescription form - drugs with low abuse potential after chronic use [benzodiazepined, barbiturates , 3-11
Yellow pres. form - Drug with high abuse potential, causing acute addiction [opioids] upto 3-11
White pres form with blue band - expensive drugs paid from republican budget
121
(2) Pharmacopoeia
```
D scat no 1 - give 1 package
D scat No 2 - give 2 package
D.t.d - give of such doses
Da flac No 1 - give one flacon
In tabulettis - in tablets
In ampullis - in amppules
```
Miscle fiat pulvis - mix to form powder [M. f . pulvis]
Miscle. Da- mix give [M.D.]
Misce. Da Signa - Mix give and label [M.D.S]
Ana partes aequales - all substances in equal quantities
Quantum satis - as much as needed [q.s]
Upto - ad -
Tablet Tabulettis Tab./Tabul./tabl.
Film tablets Film tabulettis Film.tab
Enterosolvent tablets Tabulettis enterosolventis Tab. Enterosolv
Modified release/slow release (MR/SR) Depot-tabulettis Depot-tab.
Effervescence tablets Tabulettis effervescentibus Tab.efferv
Sublingual tablets Linguettis Ling.
Vaginal tablets Tabulettis vaginalis Tab. Vagin
