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RTH 145 > Pharmacology PPT 2 > Flashcards

Pharmacology PPT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 drug action phases

A

drug administration phase (pharmaceutical phase)
pharmokinetic phase
pharmacodynamic phase

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2
Q

describe the pharmaceutical phase

A

making of the drug available to the body for absorption

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3
Q

what is the dosage form

A

physical state of the drug in association with non-drug components

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4
Q

what is the administration form

A

portal of entry for the drug into the body (injectable, inhalation, etc)

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5
Q

in terms of dosage form what different ways can it be administered

A 
oral (enteral)
injectable
aerosol/MDI
suppository
sublingeal
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6
Q

route things to consider

A 
availability of drug
desired rate of onset/duration of action
safety of route
local/systemic effect is desired
can pt swallow
stability of agent in GI fluids
amount of drug needed
convenience
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7
Q

route of administration

A

enteral (safest cheapest and easiest to give)
parenteral (injectable - fastest and most dangerous)
transdermal (patches on skin)
inhalation
topical

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8
Q

pharmokinetic phase

A

time course and deposition of a drug in the body

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9
Q

what is the pharmokinetic phase based on

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

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10
Q

in terms of the pharmokinetic phase what is absorption

A

when given orally the drug must dissolve freeing the active agent and by aqueous or lipid diffusion it must cross the through the epithelial lining of the stomach and enter the vascular system

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11
Q

in terms of pharmokinetic phase what is distribution

A

process by which a drug is transported to its sites of actions, eliminated, or stored. when given intravenously the drugs rush to the organs with the most blood flow then slowly disperse out

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12
Q

what drug is the initial distribution phase clinically important

A

propofol

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13
Q

in terms of pharmokinetic phase what is metabolism

A

drugs that are biotransformed and are either metabolized by the liver or the kidneys which are primarily the site for drug excretion

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14
Q

in terms of pharmokinetic phase what is elimination

A

primary site of drug excretion is the kidneys

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15
Q

what is clearance

A

measure of the ability of the body to rid itself of a drug

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16
Q

maintenance dose

A

to achieve a steady level of drug in the body, dosing must equal the rate of elimination

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17
Q

pharmacodynamic

A

refers to the interaction of the drug molecules with target receptor sites

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18
Q

three ways drug produce effects

A

key fits lock - causes reaction
key fits lock - blocks a reaction
key alters membrane permeability - allows something else to cause a reaction

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19
Q

lock and key

A

drug must reach receptor site
drug must be specific to the receptor site
drug specificity depends upon chemical structure

20
Q

affinity

A

likeness - how often is the drug going to reach its destination

21
Q

efficacy

A

effect - causes biological reaction

22
Q

agonist

A

both affinity and efficacy

23
Q

antagonist

A

drug has affinity but not efficacy

24
Q

additive

A

2 drugs delivered at the same time and both work but they work on their own thing
1+1=2

25
Q

synergism

A

drugs that work better together than separately

1+1=3

26
Q

potentiation

A

because a drug was there the other drug did better

1+0=2

27
Q

antagonism

A

drugs cancel each other out

1+1=0

28
Q

addiction

A

physical need

29
Q

dependance

A

psychological need

30
Q

allergy

A

antibody immediate reaction

31
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe hypersensitivity reaction

32
Q

carcinogens

A

drugs that cause malignant neoplasms

33
Q

cumulation

A

drug excreted slower than it is given so the drug builds up in the body

34
Q

desensitization

A

less responsiveness over a drug/chemical

35
Q

half-life

A

how much time it takes to decrease drug in half in body

36
Q

paradoxical effect

A

opposite effect that you expect

37
Q

potency

A

allows you to compare one drug to another and how long it reaches its blood level

38
Q

resistance

A

lack of responsiveness of the drug - the drug has no effect on the body

39
Q

side effect

A

any effect produced other than the drugs desired effect

40
Q

tachyphylaxis

A

rapidly developing drug tolerance

41
Q

teratogens

A

drugs that cause birth defects

42
Q

tolerance

A

keep needing more of the drug to produce the same effect

43
Q

potency vs maximum effect

A

potency refers to the effective dose and maximal effect is the greatest response that can by produced by the drug

44
Q

ED50

A

drug works on 50% of the population

45
Q

therapeutic index

A

ED50 = half the test subjects improve
LD50 = half the test subjects die
the smaller the index number the more dangerous the drug

RTH 145 (7 decks)

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